Article 31Entry into force

Official text

Read from the EU Publications Office for this CELEX number. The wording stands as published; nothing here is rewritten or summarised.

Open the article on EUR-Lex

Judgments of the Court of Justice

14 decisions

• C-373/24Court of Justice of the European Union2025-10-30

  NI v Republika Hrvatska

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Directive 2003/88/EC – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Article 1(3) – Article 2(1) – Concept of ‘working time’ – Activities of public prosecutors – Directive 89/391/EEC – Article 2(2) – Characteristics peculiar to certain specific public service activities – Periods of time on stand-by at the workplace and periods of time on stand-by according to a stand-by system carried out outside of the workplace – Article 31 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Fair and just working conditions.

  Ask NovaCopilot
• C-253/24Court of Justice of the European Union2025-09-04

  Ministero della Giustizia v NZ

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Framework agreement on fixed-term work concluded by ETUC, UNICE and CEEP – Clause 4 – Principle of non-discrimination – Equal treatment in employment and occupation – Honorary and ordinary members of the judiciary – Clause 5 – Measures intended to prevent and penalise misuse of successive fixed-term contracts – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 7 – Right to paid annual leave – Article 31 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Assessment procedure in order to be permanently confirmed as an honorary member of the judiciary – Waiver, by operation of law, of claims arising from service as an honorary member of the judiciary prior to the assessment procedure – Loss of a right to paid annual leave conferred by EU law.

  Ask NovaCopilot
• C-37/25Court of Justice of the European Union2025-07-15

  YH v S.E.L.A.S. GTC Dijon (Greffe du Tribunal de Commerce de Dijon)

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Social policy – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Organisation of working time – Article 31(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 7(1) – Entitlement to paid annual leave – Purposes – Sick leave with no restrictions in terms of outings, enabling a worker to rest and enjoy leisure activities – Absence of loss of entitlements to paid annual leave.

  Ask NovaCopilot
• C-531/23Court of Justice of the European Union2024-12-19

  HJ v US and MU

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Organisation of working time – Daily and weekly rest – Article 31(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Directive 2003/88/EC – Articles 3, 5, 6, 16, 17, 19 and 22 – Requirement to establish a system enabling the duration of time worked by domestic workers to be measured – Derogation – National legislation exempting domestic workers from the obligation to record actual time worked.

  Ask NovaCopilot
• C-435/23Court of Justice of the European Union2024-07-29

  Glavna direktsia 'Granichna politsia' kam Ministerstvo na vatreshnite raboti v BO

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Questions the answer to which may be clearly deduced from the Court’s existing case-law – Social policy – Organisation of working time – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 12(а) – Articles 20 and 31 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Safety and health of night workers – Level of protection for night workers appropriate to the nature of their work – Police officers and firefighters performing shift and night work – Public sector workers and private sector workers – Equal treatment.

  Ask NovaCopilot
• C-689/22Court of Justice of the European Union2024-07-24

  S. G. v Unione di Comuni Alta Marmilla

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Article 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 7(2) – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Organisation of working time – Article 31(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Right to paid annual leave – Allowance in lieu of leave not taken paid at the end of the employment relationship – National legislation refusing payment of such an allowance to staff of public administrative authorities, including the managers of those administrative authorities.

  Ask NovaCopilot
• C-218/22Court of Justice of the European Union2024-01-18

  BU v Comune di Copertino

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 7 – Article 31(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Allowance in lieu of days of leave not taken at the end of the employment relationship – National legislation prohibiting payment of that allowance in the event of the voluntary resignation of a public servant – Control of public expenditure – Organisational needs of the public employer.

  Ask NovaCopilot
• C-795/22Court of Justice of the European Union2023-10-10

  Adolfo v Direccion000 CB and Others

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Articles 53 and 99 of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Social policy – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Organisation of working time – Article 31(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 7 – Right to paid annual leave – Allowance in lieu of leave not taken after the termination of the employment relationship – One-year limitation period – Adequate information provided to the worker.

  Ask NovaCopilot
• C-192/22Court of Justice of the European Union2023-04-27

  FI v Bayerische Motoren Werke AG

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 7(1) – Article 31(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Right to paid annual leave – Lapse of that right – Progressive retirement scheme – Days of annual leave acquired under that scheme but as yet untaken – Incapacity for work.

  Ask NovaCopilot
• C-477/21Court of Justice of the European Union2023-03-02

  IH v MÁV-START Vasúti Személyszállító Zrt

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Organisation of working time – Article 31(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Directive 2003/88/EC – Articles 3 and 5 – Daily rest and weekly rest – National legislation providing for a minimum weekly rest period of 42 hours – Obligation to grant daily rest – Rules for granting.

  Ask NovaCopilot
• C-120/21Court of Justice of the European Union2022-09-22

  LB v TO

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Organisation of working time – Article 31(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 7 – Right to paid annual leave – Allowance in lieu of leave not taken after the termination of the employment relationship – Three-year limitation period – Starting point – Adequate information provided to the worker.

  Ask NovaCopilot
• C-262/20Court of Justice of the European Union2022-02-24

  VB v Glavna direktsia 'Pozharna bezopasnost i zashtita na naselenieto'

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Organisation of working time – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 8 – Article 12(а) – Articles 20 and 31 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Reduction of the normal duration of night work in relation to day work – Public-sector workers and private-sector workers – Equal treatment.

  Ask NovaCopilot