Article 13Liability and burden of proof

The burden of proving the intention or negligence of a non-qualified trust service provider shall lie with the natural or legal person claiming the damage referred to in the first subparagraph.

The intention or negligence of a qualified trust service provider shall be presumed unless that qualified trust service provider proves that the damage referred to in the first subparagraph occurred without the intention or negligence of that qualified trust service provider.

1. Notwithstanding paragraph 2 of this Article and without prejudice to Regulation (EU) 2016/679, trust service providers shall be liable for damage caused intentionally or negligently to any natural or legal person due to a failure to comply with the obligations under this Regulation. Any natural or legal person who has suffered material or non-material damage as a result of an infringement of this Regulation by a trust service provider shall have the right to seek compensation in accordance with Union and national law.

2. Where trust service providers duly inform their customers in advance of the limitations on the use of the services they provide and where those limitations are recognisable to third parties, trust service providers shall not be liable for damages arising from the use of services exceeding the indicated limitations.

3. Paragraphs 1 and 2 shall be applied in accordance with national rules on liability.