EU regulatory register · AI Act
Article 51Classification of general-purpose AI models as general-purpose AI models with systemic risk
CELEX 32024R1689 · Read on 2026-08-18 · Chapter V
Short answer
1. A general-purpose AI model shall be classified as a general-purpose AI model with systemic risk if it meets any of the following conditions:
Verbatim from the article. Source: NovaCopilot · https://legal.exploreworldai.com/eu/rattsakter/ai-act-2024-1689/artikel-51 · Short answer as data · Official text
AI Act in short
Some AI uses are banned, high-risk AI requires risk management and human oversight, and deployers must ensure AI literacy.
Source: NovaCopilot
Official text
Read from the EU Publications Office for this CELEX number. The wording stands as published; nothing here is rewritten or summarised.
1. A general-purpose AI model shall be classified as a general-purpose AI model with systemic risk if it meets any of the following conditions:
(a)
it has high impact capabilities evaluated on the basis of appropriate technical tools and methodologies, including indicators and benchmarks;
(b)
based on a decision of the Commission, ex officio or following a qualified alert from the scientific panel, it has capabilities or an impact equivalent to those set out in point (a) having regard to the criteria set out in Annex XIII.
2. A general-purpose AI model shall be presumed to have high impact capabilities pursuant to paragraph 1, point (a), when the cumulative amount of computation used for its training measured in floating point operations is greater than 1025.
3. The Commission shall adopt delegated acts in accordance with Article 97 to amend the thresholds listed in paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article, as well as to supplement benchmarks and indicators in light of evolving technological developments, such as algorithmic improvements or increased hardware efficiency, when necessary, for these thresholds to reflect the state of the art.
Follow-up questions
Other articles in this chapter
Guidance and secondary law
Authority guidance and the delegated or implementing acts that fill the article, with the primary source at the issuing body. Read 2026-08-31.
- Guideline · Europeiska kommissionen2025-07-18Guidelines on the scope of obligations for general-purpose AI models
Which obligations bind whom under Chapter V: the provider concept, downstream modification and the open-source carve-outs.
Article 51, 52, 53, 54, 55
The text is quoted from the official source and is not legal advice. A national court reads the language version that binds in its jurisdiction.
Verifiable trust signals
- Source-linked answers and explicit evidence gaps
- Obligations, controls, risks and consequences
- Stable objects and verifiable checksums
- Rule-based objects, optional source-linked reasoning
- Model card, source status and audit