National Labor Relations Act
29 U.S.C. §§ 151 to 169 · Read 2026-08-15
In force since 1935. Section 7 protects concerted activity for mutual aid or protection whether or not a union is present, which is why handbook clauses, confidentiality terms and severance language are read against it.
Identifier
- Identifier
- 29 U.S.C. §§ 151 to 169
- Level
- Federal
- Status
- In force
- Adopted
- 1935-07-05
- Applies from
- 1935-07-05
- Supervisory bodies
- NLRB
Named requirements
Protected concerted activity
The right to organise and to act together on terms and conditions of employment.
Employer unfair labour practices
Interference, domination, discrimination, retaliation and refusal to bargain.
Union unfair labour practices
Restraint, secondary activity and refusal to bargain.
Representation procedure
Bargaining units, elections and certification.
Official source
United States case law
19 decisions · Read from CourtListener, Free Law Project on 2026-08-22.
- Russ Gordon v. City of Hamtramck, Mich.
6th Cir.Open to review by a higher court, the source does not state the outcome
Ask NovaCopilotGet the opinionRetrieved directly from Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit when you click. No permanent storage on our side.
- Preferred Building Services, Inc. v. NLRB
D.C. Cir.Open to review by a higher court, the source does not state the outcome
Ask NovaCopilotGet the opinionRetrieved directly from Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit when you click. No permanent storage on our side.
- Pacific Maritime Association v. National Labor Relations Board
9th Cir.Open to review by a higher court, the source does not state the outcome
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- Belya v. Kapral
2d Cir.Open to review by a higher court, the source does not state the outcome
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- National Trust for Historic Preservation in the United States v. NPS
D.C. Cir.Open to review by a higher court, the source does not state the outcome
Ask NovaCopilotGet the opinionRetrieved directly from Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit when you click. No permanent storage on our side.
- Hospital Menonita de Guayama, Inc. v. NLRB
D.C. Cir.Open to review by a higher court, the source does not state the outcome
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- Elmar Hotel Management, LLC v. Unite Here Local 1
7th Cir.Open to review by a higher court, the source does not state the outcome
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- Trustees of the IAM National Pension Fund v. M & K Employee Solutions
D.C. Cir.Open to review by a higher court, the source does not state the outcome
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- Brown v. Alaska Airlines, Inc.
9th Cir.Open to review by a higher court, the source does not state the outcome
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- Garfield County, Utah v. Trump
10th Cir.Open to review by a higher court, the source does not state the outcome
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- Starbucks v. NLRB
5th Cir.Open to review by a higher court, the source does not state the outcome
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- Penske Truck Leasing, LP v. Central States Southeast and Southwest Areas Pensi
7th Cir.Open to review by a higher court, the source does not state the outcome
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Change monitoring
The row is re-read against the publisher's own publication on a fixed interval. The dates below can be checked on the spot and travel with the API response.
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Register | NLRB, 29 U.S.C. §§ 151 to 169 |
| Publisher | National Labor Relations Board |
| Last read | 2026-08-15 |
| Interval | Every 30 days |
| Next re-read | 2026-09-14 |
| Status | Re-read overdue |
Row history
Dated events concerning this exact row, newest first. No event appears here without a date in a primary source.
| Date | Event | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2026-08-15 | Row read against the official publication | National Labor Relations Board |
| 1935-07-05 | Adopted under 29 U.S.C. §§ 151 to 169 | National Labor Relations Board |
| 1935-07-05 | Date of application according to the publisher | National Labor Relations Board |
Monitoring states when the row was checked, not how the legal position should be assessed.
Cite this row
The string below travels with a memo, a case file or an agent chain. The same string sits in the citation field of the API response.
29 U.S.C. §§ 151 to 169, National Labor Relations Act. NovaCopilot, https://legal.exploreworldai.com/us/regler/national-labor-relations-act (hämtad 2026-11-02, bevis sha256:49a581d1fa01d355, bygge legal-2026-11-02).
- sha256:
- 49a581d1fa01d355db31f02eb27d1b525ea98b25a8d4d78ab4f75b54d885b32a
- hämtad:
- 2026-11-02
- source_confidence:
- derived
- bygge:
- legal-2026-11-02
Derived path to the publisher. The address is built from the identifier and lands in the publisher's own register. uscode.house.gov.
The row is a source reference with an official identifier. No legal advice and no compliance decision.
Verifiable trust signals
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