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Court of Justice of the European Union · Judgment

C-577/23European Commission v Republic of Estonia

Decided
2025-01-23
ECLI
ECLI:EU:C:2025:38
CELEX
62023CJ0577
Finality
Final, the decision cannot be appealed

The court's own keywords

Failure of a Member State to fulfil obligations – Article 258 TFEU – Guarantees of independence and resources for national competition authorities in order to implement Articles 101 and 102 TFEU – Directive (EU) 2019/1 – Failure to transpose and to notify the transposition measures – Article 260(3) TFEU – Financial penalties – Application for the imposition of a lump sum and a daily penalty payment.

Interprets

    EUR-LexThe Court

    Read from EU:s publikationsbyrå, Cellar (EUR-Lex och CURIA) on 2026-08-22.

    The row repeats what the source states. It is not a summary, not a conclusion about any single case and not legal advice.

    Verifiable trust signals

    • Six fixed blocks, one source per line
    • No sentence written by a language model
    • Engine version and read date on every answer
    • No customer data, no documents, no advice
    • Model card and audit published under the EU AI Act

    Model cardAudit