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Court of Justice of the European Union · Judgment

C-197/24AK v RU

Decided
2025-11-13
ECLI
ECLI:EU:C:2025:876
CELEX
62024CJ0197
Finality
Final, the decision cannot be appealed

The court's own keywords

Reference for a preliminary ruling – Directive 2011/7/EU – Combating late payment in commercial transactions – Scope – Article 2(1) and (3) – Concept of ‘undertaking’ – Concept of ‘commercial transaction’ – Contract for the provision of legal services with a view to setting up a commercial company – Directive 93/13/EEC – Article 2(b) – Concept of ‘consumer’ – Natural person who engaged the services of a lawyer with a view to setting up a commercial company.

Interprets

    EUR-LexThe Court

    Read from EU:s publikationsbyrå, Cellar (EUR-Lex och CURIA) on 2026-08-22.

    The row repeats what the source states. It is not a summary, not a conclusion about any single case and not legal advice.

    Verifiable trust signals

    • Six fixed blocks, one source per line
    • No sentence written by a language model
    • Engine version and read date on every answer
    • No customer data, no documents, no advice
    • Model card and audit published under the EU AI Act

    Model cardAudit