Article 2Definitions

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Judgments of the Court of Justice

10 decisions

• C-373/24Court of Justice of the European Union2025-10-30

  NI v Republika Hrvatska

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Directive 2003/88/EC – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Article 1(3) – Article 2(1) – Concept of ‘working time’ – Activities of public prosecutors – Directive 89/391/EEC – Article 2(2) – Characteristics peculiar to certain specific public service activities – Periods of time on stand-by at the workplace and periods of time on stand-by according to a stand-by system carried out outside of the workplace – Article 31 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Fair and just working conditions.

• C-110/24Court of Justice of the European Union2025-10-09

  Sindicat de Treballadores i Treballadors de les Administracions i els Serveis Publics (STAS - IV) v Valenciana D’ Estrategies i Recursos per a la Sostenibilitat Ambiental SA (VAERSA)

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Directive 2003/88/EC – Organisation of working time – Point 1 of Article 2 – Concept of ‘working time’ – Works to improve protected natural areas – Time spent by workers travelling between a fixed point of departure and natural areas – Inclusion of that travelling time in the working time of those workers.

• C-120/21Court of Justice of the European Union2022-09-22

  LB v TO

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Organisation of working time – Article 31(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 7 – Right to paid annual leave – Allowance in lieu of leave not taken after the termination of the employment relationship – Three-year limitation period – Starting point – Adequate information provided to the worker.

• C-214/20Court of Justice of the European Union2021-11-11

  MG v Dublin City Council

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Organisation of working time – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 2 – Concept of ‘working time’ – Retained firefighter – Stand-by time according to a stand-by system – Pursuit, during the period of stand-by time, of a self-employed professional activity – Constraints arising from the stand-by system.

• C-909/19Court of Justice of the European Union2021-10-28

  BX v Unitatea Administrativ Teritorială D

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Directive 2003/88/EC – Organisation of working time – Article 2(1) and (2) – Concepts of ‘working time’ and ‘rest period’ – Mandatory vocational training undertaken at the employer’s request.

• C-742/19Court of Justice of the European Union2021-07-15

  B. K. v Republika Slovenija (Ministrstvo za obrambo)

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Organisation of working time – Members of the armed forces – Applicability of EU law – Article 4(2) TEU – Directive 2003/88/EC – Scope – Article 1(3) – Directive 89/391/EEC – Article 2(2) – Military activities – Concept of ‘working time’ – Stand-by period – Dispute concerning the remuneration of a worker.

• C-585/19Court of Justice of the European Union2021-03-17

  Academia de Studii Economice din Bucureşti v Organismul Intermediar pentru Programul Operaţional Capital Uman - Ministerul Educaţiei Naţionale

  References for a preliminary ruling – Social policy – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Organisation of working time – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 2 – Definition of ‘working time’ – Article 3 – Minimum period of daily rest – Workers having concluded several employment contracts with the same employer – Application by worker.

• C-344/19Court of Justice of the European Union2021-03-09

  D. J. v Radiotelevizija Slovenija

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Organisation of working time – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 2 – Concept of ‘working time’ – Stand-by time according to a stand-by system – Specific work maintaining television transmitters situated far away from residential areas – Directive 89/391/EEC – Articles 5 and 6 – Psychosocial risks – Obligation to prevent.

• C-580/19Court of Justice of the European Union2021-03-09

  RJ v Stadt Offenbach am Main

  Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of the safety and health of workers – Organisation of working time – Directive 2003/88/EC – Article 2 – Concept of ‘working time’ – Period of stand-by time according to a stand-by system – Professional firefighters – Directive 89/391/EEC – Articles 5 and 6 – Psychosocial risks – Obligation to prevent.

• C-211/19Court of Justice of the European Union2020-04-30

  UO v Készenléti Rendőrség

  Reference for a preliminary ruling — Social policy — Protection of the safety and health of workers — Directive 2003/88/EC — Scope — Derogation — Article 1(3) — Directive 89/391/EEC — Article 2(2) — Activities of rapid intervention police officers.