C‑382/12 PMasterCard Inc. and Others v European Commission

The court's own keywords

Appeal — Cross-appeals — Admissibility — Article 81 EC — Open system of payment by debit, charge and credit cards — Multilateral fallback interchange fees — Association of undertakings — Restrictions of competition by effect — Standard of judicial review — Concept of ‘ancillary restriction’ — Objectively necessary and proportionate nature — Appropriate ‘counterfactual hypotheses’ — Two-sided systems — Treatment of annexes to the application at first instance.

Interprets