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    "sections": [
      {
        "title": "62025CO0872",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "ORDER OF THE COURT (Chamber determining whether appeals may proceed)",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "30 June 2026 (\n *1\n )",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_4",
          "para_5",
          "para_6",
          "para_7",
          "para_8",
          "para_9",
          "para_10",
          "para_11",
          "para_12",
          "para_13",
          "para_14",
          "para_15",
          "para_16",
          "para_17",
          "para_18",
          "para_19"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Order",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "1",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_22"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "The request that the appeal be allowed to proceed",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "2",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_25"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "3",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_27"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "4",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_29"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "5",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_31"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Arguments of the appellant",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "6",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_34"
        ]
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      {
        "title": "7",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_36"
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        "title": "8",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_38"
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        "title": "9",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_40"
        ]
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        "title": "10",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_42"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "11",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_44"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "12",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_46"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "13",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_48"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "14",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_50"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "15",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_52"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "16",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_54"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "17",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_56"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "18",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_58"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "19",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_60"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Findings of the Court",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "20",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_63"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "21",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_65"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "22",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_67"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "23",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_69"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "24",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_71"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "25",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_73"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "26",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_75"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "27",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_77"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "28",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_79"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "29",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_81"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "30",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_83"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "31",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_85"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "32",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_87"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "33",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_89"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "34",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_91"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "35",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_93"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "Costs",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "36",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_96"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "37",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_98"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "38",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_100",
          "para_101",
          "para_102",
          "para_103",
          "para_104",
          "para_105",
          "para_106"
        ]
      },
      {
        "title": "A. Calot Escobar",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "Registrar",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "T. von Danwitz",
        "paragraphs": []
      },
      {
        "title": "President of the Chamber determining\nwhether appeals may proceed",
        "paragraphs": [
          "para_111"
        ]
      }
    ],
    "paragraphs": [
      {
        "text": "62025CO0872",
        "paragraph_id": "para_1"
      },
      {
        "text": "ORDER OF THE COURT (Chamber determining whether appeals may proceed)",
        "paragraph_id": "para_2"
      },
      {
        "text": "30 June 2026 (\n *1\n )",
        "paragraph_id": "para_3"
      },
      {
        "text": "(Appeal – Regulation (EU) 2017/2195 – European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) – Determination as to whether appeals should be allowed to proceed – Article 170b of the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice – Request demonstrating that an issue is significant with respect to the unity, consistency or development of EU law – Appeal allowed to proceed)",
        "paragraph_id": "para_4"
      },
      {
        "text": "In Case C‑872/25 P,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_5"
      },
      {
        "text": "APPEAL under Article 56 of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, brought on 24 December 2025,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_6"
      },
      {
        "text": "European Union Agency for the Cooperation of\n Energy Regulators (ACER) , represented by J. Nordstrom and E. Tremmel, acting as Agents, and by B. Creve, avocat,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_7"
      },
      {
        "text": "appellant,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_8"
      },
      {
        "text": "the other parties to the proceedings being:",
        "paragraph_id": "para_9"
      },
      {
        "text": "Swissgrid AG , established in Aarau (Switzerland),",
        "paragraph_id": "para_10"
      },
      {
        "text": "applicant at first instance,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_11"
      },
      {
        "text": "European Commission,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_12"
      },
      {
        "text": "intervener at first instance,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_13"
      },
      {
        "text": "THE COURT (Chamber determining whether appeals may proceed),",
        "paragraph_id": "para_14"
      },
      {
        "text": "composed of T. von Danwitz, Vice-President of the Court, O. Spineanu-Matei and N. Fenger (Rapporteur), Judges,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_15"
      },
      {
        "text": "Registrar: A. Calot Escobar,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_16"
      },
      {
        "text": "having regard to the written procedure,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_17"
      },
      {
        "text": "having regard to the proposal from the Judge-Rapporteur and after hearing the Advocate General, M. Szpunar,",
        "paragraph_id": "para_18"
      },
      {
        "text": "makes the following",
        "paragraph_id": "para_19"
      },
      {
        "text": "Order",
        "paragraph_id": "para_20"
      },
      {
        "text": "1",
        "paragraph_id": "para_21"
      },
      {
        "text": "By its appeal, the European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators (ACER) asks the Court of Justice to set aside the judgment of the General Court of the European Union of 8 October 2025, Swissgrid v ACER (T‑556/23, ‘the contested judgment’, EU:T:2025:941 ), by which the General Court …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_22"
      },
      {
        "text": "The request that the appeal be allowed to proceed",
        "paragraph_id": "para_23"
      },
      {
        "text": "2",
        "paragraph_id": "para_24"
      },
      {
        "text": "Under the first paragraph of Article 58a of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, an appeal brought against a decision of the General Court concerning a decision of an independent board of appeal of ACER is not to proceed unless the Court of Justice first decides that it should be allowed to do so.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_25"
      },
      {
        "text": "3",
        "paragraph_id": "para_26"
      },
      {
        "text": "In accordance with the third paragraph of Article 58a of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, an appeal is to be allowed to proceed, wholly or in part, in accordance with the detailed rules set out in the Rules of Procedure of the Court of Justice, where it raises an issue that is significant with respect to the unity, consistency or development of EU law.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_27"
      },
      {
        "text": "4",
        "paragraph_id": "para_28"
      },
      {
        "text": "Article 170a(1) of the Rules of Procedure provides that, in the situations referred to in the first paragraph of Article 58a of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the appellant is to annex to the appeal a request that the appeal be allowed to proceed, setting out the issue ra …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_29"
      },
      {
        "text": "5",
        "paragraph_id": "para_30"
      },
      {
        "text": "In accordance with Article 170b(1) and (3) of the Rules of Procedure, the Court’s decision on the request that the appeal be allowed to proceed is to be taken as soon as possible in the form of a reasoned order.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_31"
      },
      {
        "text": "Arguments of the appellant",
        "paragraph_id": "para_32"
      },
      {
        "text": "6",
        "paragraph_id": "para_33"
      },
      {
        "text": "In support of its request that the appeal be allowed to proceed, ACER contends that its single ground of appeal raises an issue that is significant with respect to the unity, consistency and development of EU law. By that single ground, ACER claims that the General Court erred in law in holding that …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_34"
      },
      {
        "text": "7",
        "paragraph_id": "para_35"
      },
      {
        "text": "That single ground of appeal comprises two parts.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_36"
      },
      {
        "text": "8",
        "paragraph_id": "para_37"
      },
      {
        "text": "By the first part, ACER contends that the General Court erred in its assessment of the legal effect of the decision at issue with regard to Swissgrid, the electricity transmission system operator in Switzerland. By failing to take into account that the de jure exclusion of Swissgrid from the Europea …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_38"
      },
      {
        "text": "9",
        "paragraph_id": "para_39"
      },
      {
        "text": "The General Court itself stated, in paragraphs 27, 28, 32 and 36 of the contested judgment, that Swissgrid’s authorisation to participate in the European energy balancing platforms was determined either by Article 1(6) and (7) of Regulation 2017/2195 or by a bilateral agreement concluded between the …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_40"
      },
      {
        "text": "10",
        "paragraph_id": "para_41"
      },
      {
        "text": "The approach adopted by the General Court thus runs counter to the case-law of the Court of Justice according to which the context of the contested act and the powers of the body which adopted it must be taken into account when assessing the admissibility of the appeal brought against that act. ACER …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_42"
      },
      {
        "text": "11",
        "paragraph_id": "para_43"
      },
      {
        "text": "By the second part of its single ground of appeal, ACER contends that the contested judgment is vitiated by contradictory reasoning.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_44"
      },
      {
        "text": "12",
        "paragraph_id": "para_45"
      },
      {
        "text": "The General Court held, in paragraph 33 of the contested judgment, that Swissgrid’s participation in the IN Platform was excluded under Regulation 2017/2195, while holding, in paragraph 69 of that judgment, that Swissgrid could no longer continue to participate in that platform following the adoptio …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_46"
      },
      {
        "text": "13",
        "paragraph_id": "para_47"
      },
      {
        "text": "In paragraphs 62 to 65 of the contested judgment, the General Court erred in considering that private contracts concluded among electricity transmission system operators, and ACER Decision No 13/2020, had the effect of authorising Swissgrid’s participation in that platform.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_48"
      },
      {
        "text": "14",
        "paragraph_id": "para_49"
      },
      {
        "text": "Furthermore, by holding, in paragraph 66 of the contested judgment, that the interpretation of the implementation framework for the IN Platform in the light of Regulation 2017/2195 was not capable of dispelling any doubt as to whether that company could continue to participate in that platform, the …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_50"
      },
      {
        "text": "15",
        "paragraph_id": "para_51"
      },
      {
        "text": "Moreover, the General Court contradicted itself by stating, on the one hand, that ACER had the competence to exclude Swissgrid from participating in the IN Platform and, on the other, that that exclusion was determined either by Article 1(6) and (7) of Regulation 2017/2195 or by a bilateral agreement.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_52"
      },
      {
        "text": "16",
        "paragraph_id": "para_53"
      },
      {
        "text": "According to ACER, those errors had an impact on the operative part of the contested judgment. Absent those errors, the General Court would have confirmed the assessment made by the ACER Board of Appeal and rejected Swissgrid’s second plea in law.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_54"
      },
      {
        "text": "17",
        "paragraph_id": "para_55"
      },
      {
        "text": "ACER submits that the legal issue raised by its appeal goes far beyond the scope of the present case and is significant with respect to the unity, consistency and development of EU law.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_56"
      },
      {
        "text": "18",
        "paragraph_id": "para_57"
      },
      {
        "text": "That issue relates to the interpretation and application of the concept of ‘direct legal effect’, which ‘overlaps’ with the criterion of direct and individual concern laid down in Article 28(1) of Regulation 2019/942 and Article 263 TFEU. It concerns, in particular, whether a court or administrative …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_58"
      },
      {
        "text": "19",
        "paragraph_id": "para_59"
      },
      {
        "text": "First of all, such a possibility would be contrary to the Court’s case-law according to which the context of the contested act and the powers of the body which adopted it must be taken into account when assessing the admissibility of an appeal brought against that act. Next, such a possibility may l …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_60"
      },
      {
        "text": "Findings of the Court",
        "paragraph_id": "para_61"
      },
      {
        "text": "20",
        "paragraph_id": "para_62"
      },
      {
        "text": "As a preliminary point, it must be recalled that it is for the appellant to demonstrate that the issues raised by its appeal are significant with respect to the unity, consistency or development of EU law (orders of 10 December 2021, EUIPO v The KaiKai Company Jaeger Wichmann, C‑382/21 P , EU:C:2021:1050 , paragraph  20 , and of 24 March 2026, Capella v EUIPO, C‑766/25 P , EU:C:2026:276 , paragraph  15 ).",
        "paragraph_id": "para_63"
      },
      {
        "text": "21",
        "paragraph_id": "para_64"
      },
      {
        "text": "Furthermore, as is apparent from the third paragraph of Article 58a of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, read together with Article 170a(1) and Article 170b(4) of the Rules of Procedure, the request that an appeal be allowed to proceed must contain all the information necess …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_65"
      },
      {
        "text": "22",
        "paragraph_id": "para_66"
      },
      {
        "text": "Accordingly, a request that an appeal be allowed to proceed must, in any event, set out clearly and in detail the grounds on which the appeal is based, identify with equal clarity and detail the issue of law raised by each ground of appeal, specify whether that issue is significant with respect to t …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_67"
      },
      {
        "text": "23",
        "paragraph_id": "para_68"
      },
      {
        "text": "In accordance with the principle that the burden of proof lies with the appellant requesting that an appeal be allowed to proceed, the appellant must demonstrate that, independently of the issues of law invoked in its appeal, the appeal raises one or more issues that are significant with respect to …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_69"
      },
      {
        "text": "24",
        "paragraph_id": "para_70"
      },
      {
        "text": "In order to demonstrate that that is the case, it is necessary to establish both the existence and significance of such issues by means of concrete evidence specific to the particular case, and not simply by means of arguments of a general nature (orders of 29 April 2025, SC v Eulex Kosovo, C‑881/24 P , EU:C:2025:313 , paragraph  18 , and of 18 November 2025, EUIPO v Versiontech, C‑411/25 P , EU:C:2025:943 , paragraph  24 ).",
        "paragraph_id": "para_71"
      },
      {
        "text": "25",
        "paragraph_id": "para_72"
      },
      {
        "text": "In the present case, it should be noted, in the first place, that the request that the appeal be allowed to proceed sets out precisely and clearly the single ground relied on in the appeal, alleging, in essence, an error of law in the interpretation of Article 28(1) of Regulation 2019/942, and identifies both the paragraphs of the contested judgment being challenged and the provisions of EU law allegedly infringed.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_73"
      },
      {
        "text": "26",
        "paragraph_id": "para_74"
      },
      {
        "text": "It is apparent from the request that the appeal be allowed to proceed that ACER is claiming that the General Court, first, disregarded the case-law of the Court of Justice according to which the context of the contested act and the powers of the body which adopted it must be taken into consideration …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_75"
      },
      {
        "text": "27",
        "paragraph_id": "para_76"
      },
      {
        "text": "Second, as set out in paragraphs 11 to 14 of the present order, ACER alleges a failure to respect the presumption of legality of acts of the institutions and bodies of the European Union, the principle of legal certainty, the rule of law and the principle iura novit curia . It claims that the General Court relied on contradictory grounds as regards Swissgrid’s participation in that platform and ACER’s competence to exclude such participation.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_77"
      },
      {
        "text": "28",
        "paragraph_id": "para_78"
      },
      {
        "text": "In the second place, the request that the appeal be allowed to proceed sets out to the requisite standard the extent to which the alleged errors had an influence on the outcome of the contested judgment. ACER submits that, absent the infringements alleged, the General Court would have made a different assessment of the legal effect of the decision at issue and held that Swissgrid’s appeal against that decision was not capable of procuring an advantage for it.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_79"
      },
      {
        "text": "29",
        "paragraph_id": "para_80"
      },
      {
        "text": "In the third place, ACER states that the issue of law raised by its single ground of appeal concerns, in essence, the taking into account of the context in which the contested act was adopted and the powers of the body which adopted it in assessing the criterion of direct and individual concern laid down in Article 263 TFEU and reproduced in Article 28(1) of Regulation 2019/942.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_81"
      },
      {
        "text": "30",
        "paragraph_id": "para_82"
      },
      {
        "text": "In the fourth place and lastly, the request that the appeal be allowed to proceed sets out to the requisite standard the specific reasons why the single ground of appeal raises an issue that is significant with respect to the unity, consistency or development of EU law.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_83"
      },
      {
        "text": "31",
        "paragraph_id": "para_84"
      },
      {
        "text": "First, by maintaining that the issue in question is likely also to arise in all cases in which a court or administrative appellate body is called upon to assess the legal effects of an act of higher rank than the contested act in order to rule on the admissibility of an appeal, ACER demonstrates tha …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_85"
      },
      {
        "text": "32",
        "paragraph_id": "para_86"
      },
      {
        "text": "Second, ACER submits that the General Court’s approach in the contested judgment gives rise to a risk of legal uncertainty since it disregards the case-law of the Court of Justice on that issue and, in particular, the case-law recalled in paragraphs 61 to 64 of the order of 11 April 2024, Atesos medical and Others v Commission and Others ( C‑491/23 P , EU:C:2024:320 ).",
        "paragraph_id": "para_87"
      },
      {
        "text": "33",
        "paragraph_id": "para_88"
      },
      {
        "text": "Third and lastly, ACER states that, in considering that there may be a doubt as to the interpretation of a regulation before the courts, the General Court introduced a new and irrelevant criterion for assessing whether the acts of the institutions and bodies of the European Union have ‘direct legal …",
        "paragraph_id": "para_89"
      },
      {
        "text": "34",
        "paragraph_id": "para_90"
      },
      {
        "text": "In the light of the matters set out by ACER, it must be held that this request that the appeal be allowed to proceed demonstrates to the requisite legal standard that the appeal raises an issue that is significant with respect to the unity, consistency and development of EU law.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_91"
      },
      {
        "text": "35",
        "paragraph_id": "para_92"
      },
      {
        "text": "In the light of the foregoing considerations, the appeal should be allowed to proceed.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_93"
      },
      {
        "text": "Costs",
        "paragraph_id": "para_94"
      },
      {
        "text": "36",
        "paragraph_id": "para_95"
      },
      {
        "text": "Under Article 170b(4) of the Rules of Procedure, where an appeal is allowed to proceed, wholly or in part, having regard to the criteria set out in the third paragraph of Article 58a of the Statute of the Court of Justice of the European Union, the proceedings are to continue in accordance with Articles 171 to 190a of those rules.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_96"
      },
      {
        "text": "37",
        "paragraph_id": "para_97"
      },
      {
        "text": "Under Article 137 of the Rules of Procedure, applicable to proceedings on appeal pursuant to Article 184(1) of those rules, a decision as to costs is to be given in the judgment or order which closes the proceedings.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_98"
      },
      {
        "text": "38",
        "paragraph_id": "para_99"
      },
      {
        "text": "Accordingly, since the request that the appeal be allowed to proceed must be allowed, the costs must be reserved.",
        "paragraph_id": "para_100"
      },
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