{
  "attribution": {
    "source": "legal.exploreworldai.com",
    "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "cite_as": "NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24)",
    "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision",
    "version": "legal-2026-10-05",
    "fingerprint": "ewai:se:fecf99",
    "proof": "sha256:97381b4479f020b914fda0a40093ee36db3416c02271574604179b8bd97c18b1",
    "jurisdiction": "se",
    "lang": "en"
  },
  "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
  "brand": {
    "product": "NovaCopilot",
    "platform": "ExploreWorldAI",
    "infrastructure": "ExploreWorld Legal",
    "infrastructure_url": "legal.exploreworldai.com",
    "legal_entity": "Valkiv Ventures AB",
    "permanent_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/novacopilot",
    "source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
    "powered_by": "Powered by NovaCopilot",
    "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/licensvillkor",
    "contact": "stig@valkiv.com"
  },
  "object_type": "precedent",
  "object_id": "precedent:us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
  "schema_version": "1",
  "schema": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/precedent",
  "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
  "judgment": {
    "id": "us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "text": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24"
  },
  "siblings": {
    "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "relation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "change": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "status": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "edge": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "element": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "decision": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "obligation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/obligation/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "sanction": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/sanction/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24"
  },
  "source": "NovaCopilot",
  "precedent_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
  "item": {
    "judgment": "us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
    "issue": "",
    "court": "Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit",
    "decided": "2026-09-24",
    "binding": "binding_in_circuit",
    "status": "pending",
    "holdings": [
      {
        "n": 1,
        "paragraph_id": "para_60",
        "text": "We hold that the use of the cell-site simulator constituted a search within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment.",
        "kind": "holding",
        "precedent_id": "precedent:us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24#1"
      },
      {
        "n": 2,
        "paragraph_id": "para_61",
        "text": "We conclude, however, that the detectives are entitled to qualified immunity and state law public official immunity, and that the Baltimore City Police Department cannot be held liable for the violation of Andrews’s Fourth Amendment rights.",
        "kind": "holding",
        "precedent_id": "precedent:us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24#2"
      },
      {
        "n": 3,
        "paragraph_id": "para_332",
        "text": "We hold that the Fourth Amendment requires a valid warrant for the use of a cell-site simulator.",
        "kind": "holding",
        "precedent_id": "precedent:us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24#3"
      },
      {
        "n": 4,
        "paragraph_id": "para_333",
        "text": "We conclude, nonetheless, that the Defendants are entitled to summary judgment.",
        "kind": "holding",
        "precedent_id": "precedent:us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24#4"
      },
      {
        "n": 5,
        "paragraph_id": "para_499",
        "text": "We therefore conclude that the use of a cell-site simulator constitutes a search, deserving of the protection of the Fourth Amendment.",
        "kind": "holding",
        "precedent_id": "precedent:us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24#5"
      },
      {
        "n": 6,
        "paragraph_id": "para_515",
        "text": "As we explain below, we conclude that the Defendants are entitled to summary judgment given the lack of precedent establishing that the use of a cell-site simulator constitutes a Fourth Amendment search.",
        "kind": "holding",
        "precedent_id": "precedent:us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24#6"
      },
      {
        "n": 7,
        "paragraph_id": "para_64",
        "text": "We therefore affirm the district court’s grant of summary judgment to the defendants.",
        "kind": "disposition",
        "precedent_id": "precedent:us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24#7"
      }
    ],
    "text_sha256": "2c36842326b6c0211230585f388ebe661b648a4ea2633aae6e796613c82efa82",
    "method": "Meningar med 'we hold' eller 'we conclude' samt domslutet i domens egen text.",
    "limits": [],
    "hash": "8ff9ac1aaa9dad7698d723f57ed6cdf8b8fed3d7dcad6cc59cb95ffd9d1c3822"
  },
  "watch": {
    "changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/changes",
    "whats_new": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/whats-new?jurisdiction=us",
    "conditional": "Send If-None-Match with the ETag; unchanged objects return 304 without body.",
    "recheck_after_seconds": 86400
  },
  "hash": "sha256:97381b4479f020b914fda0a40093ee36db3416c02271574604179b8bd97c18b1",
  "version": "legal-2026-10-05",
  "expires": "2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z",
  "dependency": {
    "index_version": "legal-2026-10-05+legal-2026-10-05+2026-10-05T21:32:42",
    "content_hash": "sha256:97381b4479f020b914fda0a40093ee36db3416c02271574604179b8bd97c18b1",
    "revalidate_after": "2026-10-06T02:13:47.425Z",
    "max_copy_age_seconds": 3600,
    "policy": "revalidate-required; attribution-preferred",
    "changelog": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency",
    "verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify",
    "stale_copy_invalid": true
  },
  "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/us:ca4-18-1953-2026-09-24",
  "disclaimer": "Source reference with official identifier. Not legal advice and not a compliance decision.",
  "content_notice": {
    "legal_advice": false,
    "nature": "Source register. Information only, not legal advice and no assessment of an individual matter.",
    "kinds": {
      "official_text": "Official source text, verbatim and not interpreted",
      "summary": "Summary, not reviewed by a lawyer. Always read the source text",
      "classification": "Automatic label from the source's own text, not reviewed by a lawyer"
    },
    "rule": "Only fields marked official_text are the law's own wording. Everything else points to it.",
    "report_error": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/corrections",
    "ai_act_declaration": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/ai-act-declaration"
  },
  "usageInfo": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/citering"
}