{ "attribution": { "source": "legal.exploreworldai.com", "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-601-24", "cite_as": "NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-601-24)", "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision", "version": "legal-2026-10-23", "fingerprint": "ewai:se:c8ee45", "proof": "sha256:6eaa35931d01b6762bf4717ace7ad205b97f958ce7420bc733758d0309bb52d0", "jurisdiction": "se", "lang": "en" }, "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot", "object_type": "precedent", "object_id": "precedent:eu:c-601-24", "schema_version": "1", "schema": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/precedent", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-601-24", "judgment": { "id": "eu:c-601-24", "text": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=eu:c-601-24" }, "siblings": { "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/eu:c-601-24", "relation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/eu:c-601-24", "change": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/eu:c-601-24", "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/eu:c-601-24", "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-601-24", "status": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/eu:c-601-24", "edge": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-601-24", "element": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/eu:c-601-24", "decision": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-601-24", "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-601-24", "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-601-24", "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-601-24" }, "source": "NovaCopilot", "precedent_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/eu:c-601-24", "item": { "judgment": "eu:c-601-24", "issue": "Reference for a preliminary ruling – Protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein – Japanese seahorse – Regulation (EC) No 338/97 – Article 2(t) – Concept of ‘specimen’ – Article 4(2) – Import permit – Article 2(j) and Article 7(3) – Personal or household effects – Article 16 – Criminal sanctions – Introduction into the European Union of specimens without an import permit – Regulation (EC) No 865/2006 – Article 57 – Introduction of personal or household effects into the European Union.", "court": "CJ", "decided": "2026-06-11", "binding": "binding", "status": "final", "holdings": [ { "n": 1, "paragraph_id": "para_275", "text": "Article 2(t) of Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 of 9 December 1996 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein, as amended by Regulation (EC) No 398/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 April 2009,", "kind": "operative_part", "precedent_id": "precedent:eu:c-601-24#1" }, { "n": 2, "paragraph_id": "para_276", "text": "must be interpreted as meaning that the concept of ‘specimen’, within the meaning of that provision, covers a preparation the complex composition of which contains inter alia extract of Japanese seahorse, a species included in Annex B to Regulation No 338/97, as amended.", "kind": "operative_part", "precedent_id": "precedent:eu:c-601-24#2" }, { "n": 3, "paragraph_id": "para_278", "text": "Article 2(j) and Article 7(3) of Regulation No 338/97, as amended by Regulation No 398/2009,", "kind": "operative_part", "precedent_id": "precedent:eu:c-601-24#3" }, { "n": 4, "paragraph_id": "para_279", "text": "must be interpreted as meaning that a preparation the complex composition of which contains extract of Japanese seahorse - a species included in Annex B to Regulation No 338/97, as amended - lawfully purchased in a third country and introduced into the European Union for the therapeutic needs of a private individual or for those of a close relative, and not for commercial purposes, must be regarded as coming within the concept of ‘personal or household effects’, the introduction of which into the European Union is not subject to the obligation to present an import permit or, where applicable, a (re-)export document, provided that the conditions laid down for that purpose in Article 57(1) and (3) of Commission Regulation (EC) No 865/2006 of 4 May 2006 laying down detailed rules concerning the implementation of Council Regulation (EC) No 338/97 on the protection of species of wild fauna and flora by regulating trade therein are satisfied.", "kind": "operative_part", "precedent_id": "precedent:eu:c-601-24#4" }, { "n": 5, "paragraph_id": "para_281", "text": "Article 16 of Regulation No 338/97, as amended by Regulation No 398/2009,", "kind": "operative_part", "precedent_id": "precedent:eu:c-601-24#5" }, { "n": 6, "paragraph_id": "para_282", "text": "must be interpreted as precluding national legislation which provides for the imposition of criminal sanctions for the introduction into the European Union, without an import permit or, where applicable, without a (re-)export document, of a preparation lawfully purchased in a third country, the complex composition of which contains extract of Japanese seahorse - a species included in Annex B to Regulation No 338/97, as amended - by a private individual, for his or her own therapeutic needs or for those of a close relative and not for commercial purposes, even though that introduction comes within the derogation provided for in Article 7(3) of Regulation No 338/97, as amended, and set out in further detail in Article 57 of Regulation No 865/2006. 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