{ "attribution": { "source": "legal.exploreworldai.com", "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-321-25", "cite_as": "NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-321-25)", "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision", "version": "legal-2026-10-18", "fingerprint": "ewai:se:a32ad8", "proof": "sha256:2e0eaf06ed11ec41f82c3c7a50784f16e41ddbe11dbd8b4fe3804126ff7b7c4d", "jurisdiction": "se", "lang": "en" }, "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot", "object_type": "precedent", "object_id": "precedent:eu:c-321-25", "schema_version": "1", "schema": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/precedent", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-321-25", "judgment": { "id": "eu:c-321-25", "text": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=eu:c-321-25" }, "siblings": { "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/eu:c-321-25", "relation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/eu:c-321-25", "change": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/eu:c-321-25", "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/eu:c-321-25", "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-321-25", "status": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/eu:c-321-25", "edge": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-321-25", "element": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/eu:c-321-25", "decision": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-321-25", "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-321-25", "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-321-25", "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-321-25" }, "source": "NovaCopilot", "precedent_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/eu:c-321-25", "item": { "judgment": "eu:c-321-25", "issue": "Reference for a preliminary ruling – Area of freedom, security and justice – Judicial cooperation in criminal matters – Fight against organised crime – Protection of the European Union’s financial interests – Article 325(1) TFEU – ‘PIF’ Convention – Article 2(1) TFEU – Framework Decision 2008/841/JHA – Article 2(a) and (b) – Serious fraud in relation to value added tax – Agreement to commit an offence – Article 3 – Obligation on the part of the Member States to counter fraud affecting the financial interests of the European Union through effective deterrent measures – Obligation to provide for criminal penalties – Maximum penalty duration – Principle of proportionality – Limitation period – Systemic risk of impunity.", "court": "CJ", "decided": "2026-10-15", "binding": "binding", "status": "final", "holdings": [ { "n": 1, "paragraph_id": "para_170", "text": "1. Article 325 TFEU and Article 2(1) of the Convention drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union, on the protection of the European Communities’ financial interests, signed in Brussels on 26 July 1995 and annexed to the Council Act of 26 July 1995,", "kind": "operative_part", "precedent_id": "precedent:eu:c-321-25#1" }, { "n": 2, "paragraph_id": "para_171", "text": "must be interpreted as not precluding national legislation under which criminal proceedings for serious fraud affecting the financial interests of the European Union are inevitably time-barred if no final conviction has been handed down within 15 years of the commission of those offences, irrespective of any reason for interruption or suspension of the limitation period or of any unforeseeable circumstances, provided that such a period does not, in the Member State concerned, lead to a systemic risk of impunity for such instances of fraud.", "kind": "operative_part", "precedent_id": "precedent:eu:c-321-25#2" }, { "n": 3, "paragraph_id": "para_172", "text": "2. Article 3(1)(b) of Council Framework Decision 2008/841/JHA of 24 October 2008 on the fight against organised crime", "kind": "operative_part", "precedent_id": "precedent:eu:c-321-25#3" }, { "n": 4, "paragraph_id": "para_173", "text": "must be interpreted as not precluding national legislation under which the offence of entering into an agreement to commit an offence, as referred to in Article 2(b) of that framework decision, is punishable by a custodial sentence the maximum duration of which is both longer than that of the custodial sentence applicable to the offence at which that agreement is aimed and longer than five years.", "kind": "operative_part", "precedent_id": "precedent:eu:c-321-25#4" } ], "text_sha256": "710fd9d1f8bab46089abbda4258b4b3e0970f0b38779d958ad28bb9303a198b4", "method": "Domslutet efter 'On those grounds' i domens egen text.", "limits": [], "hash": "2e503f38d36e54b0176a4c65b66a1e25183bf94f449d8d2914026fa52c9df2b9" }, "links": { "provisions": null, "case_law": { "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-321-25", "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-321-25", "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-321-25", "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-321-25" }, "evidence": { "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-321-25", "chain_verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/changes/verify", "object_changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/objects/changes" }, "compact": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-321-25?view=compact", "representations": { "sv": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/eu/praxis/c-321-25", "en": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/eu/praxis/c-321-25" }, "machine_languages": [ "en", "sv" ], "ref": "eu:c-321-25" }, "watch": { "changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/changes", "whats_new": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/whats-new?jurisdiction=eu", "conditional": "Send If-None-Match with the ETag; unchanged objects return 304 without body.", "recheck_after_seconds": 86400 }, "hash": "sha256:2e0eaf06ed11ec41f82c3c7a50784f16e41ddbe11dbd8b4fe3804126ff7b7c4d", "version": "legal-2026-10-18", "expires": "2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z", "dependency": { "index_version": "legal-2026-10-18+legal-2026-10-18+2026-10-18T01:46:51", "content_hash": "sha256:2e0eaf06ed11ec41f82c3c7a50784f16e41ddbe11dbd8b4fe3804126ff7b7c4d", "revalidate_after": "2026-10-18T06:16:58.989Z", "max_copy_age_seconds": 3600, "policy": "revalidate-required; attribution-preferred", "changelog": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency", "verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify", "stale_copy_invalid": true }, "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-321-25", "disclaimer": "Source reference with official identifier. Not legal advice and not a compliance decision.", "content_notice": { "legal_advice": false, "nature": "Source register. Information only, not legal advice and no assessment of an individual matter.", "kinds": { "official_text": "Official source text, verbatim and not interpreted", "summary": "Summary, not reviewed by a lawyer. Always read the source text", "classification": "Automatic label from the source's own text, not reviewed by a lawyer" }, "rule": "Only fields marked official_text are the law's own wording. Everything else points to it.", "report_error": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/corrections", "ai_act_declaration": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/ai-act-declaration" }, "usageInfo": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/citering" }