{"attribution":{"source":"legal.exploreworldai.com","canonical":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-161-25","cite_as":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-161-25)","license":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision","version":"legal-2026-10-29","fingerprint":"ewai:se:f78678","proof":"sha256:a0ac0b01d30c48b3ce2044329f5ccdfacf83aff3925d1ced7124b0875dc5447f","jurisdiction":"se","lang":"en","publisher":"NovaCopilot by ExploreWorld Legal","terms":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/om"},"brand_source":"Source: NovaCopilot","object_type":"precedent","object_id":"precedent:eu:c-161-25","schema_version":"1","schema":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/precedent","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-161-25","judgment":{"id":"eu:c-161-25","text":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=eu:c-161-25"},"siblings":{"risk":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/eu:c-161-25","relation":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/eu:c-161-25","change":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/eu:c-161-25","agent":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/eu:c-161-25","provenance":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-161-25","status":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/eu:c-161-25","edge":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-161-25","element":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/eu:c-161-25","decision":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-161-25","weight":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-161-25","conflict":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-161-25","citation_graph":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-161-25"},"source":"NovaCopilot","precedent_graph":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/eu:c-161-25","item":{"judgment":"eu:c-161-25","issue":"Reference for a preliminary ruling – Rail transport – Directive 2012/34/EU – Single railway area – Article 35 – Performance scheme – Scope – Penalties for the disruption caused by railway undertakings – General scheme of penalties applicable in the event of delay on the entire national network – Penalties which may be imposed, depending on the entity to which the delay is attributable, either on the infrastructure manager or on the railway undertaking – Specific scheme of penalties applicable in the event that the stop time in stations connecting with foreign rail networks is exceeded – Penalties imposed solely on railway undertakings – Whether combination of several penalty schemes permissible – Conditions – Annex VI, point 2 – Observance of the basic principles of the performance scheme – Article 56 – Regulatory body – Extent of the supervision – Principle of proportionality.","court":"CJ","decided":"2026-10-15","binding":"binding","status":"final","holdings":[{"n":1,"paragraph_id":"para_168","text":"1. Article 35 of Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 establishing a single European railway area, as amended by Directive (EU) 2016/2370 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016,","kind":"operative_part","precedent_id":"precedent:eu:c-161-25#1"},{"n":2,"paragraph_id":"para_169","text":"must be interpreted as meaning that a specific scheme of border penalties, not formally intended to implement Article 35 of that directive, applicable in the event that the stop time in stations connecting with foreign rail networks is exceeded, falls within that provision in so far as that scheme pursues the objectives of promoting the optimal use of the rail network and of encouraging railway undertakings to minimise disruption and to improve the performance of that network. In such a case, Article 35 of Directive 2012/34, as amended, does not preclude national legislation which authorises the application of such a specific scheme, alongside the general scheme of penalties entailed by a performance scheme within the meaning of that article, which that latter legislation has established, to the extent that that specific scheme complies with the requirements laid down in Article 35 and observes the basic principles set out in point 2 of Annex VI to Directive 2012/34, as amended.","kind":"operative_part","precedent_id":"precedent:eu:c-161-25#2"},{"n":3,"paragraph_id":"para_170","text":"2. Article 35 of Directive 2012/34, as amended by Directive 2016/2370","kind":"operative_part","precedent_id":"precedent:eu:c-161-25#3"},{"n":4,"paragraph_id":"para_171","text":"must be interpreted as allowing Member States to lay down, in the context of the performance scheme, both a general scheme of penalties applicable in the event of delay on the entire national network and a specific scheme of border penalties applicable in the event that the stop time in stations connecting with foreign rail networks is exceeded, with the result that, for the same incident, a railway undertaking may be subject to several penalties.Where that performance scheme comprises several penalty schemes, the regulatory body is required to verify, first, that the measures forming part of that scheme pursue, in a consistent and transparent manner, the objective of improving the network’s performance and, second, that those measures observe the principle of proportionality and do not undermine the economic viability and profitability of the railway undertakings concerned.","kind":"operative_part","precedent_id":"precedent:eu:c-161-25#4"},{"n":5,"paragraph_id":"para_172","text":"3. Article 35 of Directive 2012/34, as amended by Directive 2016/2370","kind":"operative_part","precedent_id":"precedent:eu:c-161-25#5"},{"n":6,"paragraph_id":"para_173","text":"must be interpreted as not requiring the regulatory body to verify, first, that the performance scheme provided for in that article necessarily includes, in addition to the imposition of penalties, the grant of bonuses to railway undertakings whose performance is better than planned and the grant of compensation for undertakings which have suffered loss or damage, and, second, that the penalties in the event of delay also apply to the infrastructure manager where the latter is responsible for the delay. By contrast, Article 35 does require that body to verify that, taken as a whole, that scheme constitutes a coherent, transparent and proportionate set of measures capable of achieving the objectives referred to in Article 35.","kind":"operative_part","precedent_id":"precedent:eu:c-161-25#6"},{"n":7,"paragraph_id":"para_175","text":"must be interpreted as not applying to national legislation which authorises, in the context of the performance scheme referred to in Article 35 of Directive 2012/34, as amended by Directive 2016/2370, a specific scheme of border penalties applicable to railway undertakings in the event that the stop time in stations connecting with foreign rail networks is exceeded, without taking into consideration the revenues which those undertakings have or may obtain to cover transit costs.","kind":"operative_part","precedent_id":"precedent:eu:c-161-25#7"}],"text_sha256":"cc1fb5eaa6108c52254e28b2278f0428a1d5d7c5e14e7ee6e03b98a45415b7db","method":"Domslutet efter 'On those grounds' i domens egen text.","limits":[],"hash":"b02cc7ac195d71db241a4fe80b4aaf44eabe1f55e15bd597dd0134a50ca87b6a"},"links":{"provisions":null,"case_law":{"precedent":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-161-25","conflict":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-161-25","citation_graph":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-161-25","weight":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-161-25"},"evidence":{"provenance":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-161-25","chain_verify":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/changes/verify","object_changes":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/objects/changes"},"compact":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-161-25?view=compact","representations":{"sv":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/eu/praxis/c-161-25","en":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/eu/praxis/c-161-25"},"machine_languages":["en","sv"],"ref":"eu:c-161-25"},"watch":{"risk":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=eu%3Ac-161-25","relations":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=eu%3Ac-161-25","risk_changes":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk-changes","node_state":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/node-state?id=eu%3Ac-161-25","provenance":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-161-25"},"metadata":{"schema":"novacopilot_object_metadata/1","canonical_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-161-25","source":"Source: NovaCopilot","official_source":null,"short_answer":null,"short_answer_status":"not_in_register","hash":"b02cc7ac195d71db241a4fe80b4aaf44eabe1f55e15bd597dd0134a50ca87b6a","schema_version":"1","last_verified_at":null,"verification_status":"not_verified_yet","integrity_check_scope":"stored_content_only"},"hash":"sha256:a0ac0b01d30c48b3ce2044329f5ccdfacf83aff3925d1ced7124b0875dc5447f","version":"legal-2026-10-29","expires":"2026-10-31T00:00:00.000Z","dependency":{"index_version":"legal-2026-10-29+legal-2026-10-29+2026-10-29T20:33:22","content_hash":"sha256:a0ac0b01d30c48b3ce2044329f5ccdfacf83aff3925d1ced7124b0875dc5447f","revalidate_after":"2026-10-30T01:08:54.227Z","max_copy_age_seconds":3600,"policy":"revalidate-required; attribution-preferred","changelog":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency","verify":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify","stale_copy_invalid":true},"canonical":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-161-25","disclaimer":"Source reference with official identifier. 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