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        "excerpt": "Jaycees, 468 U.S. 609, 623 (1984)), because “interception",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "a44932353d15cb5bbf5e6665c75f93490c12207f0b36bfe8d5e7cef45b2de3f0"
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        "to": {
          "ref": "471 F.3d 144",
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        },
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          "para_923"
        ],
        "excerpt": "471 F.3d 144, 149 (D.C.",
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        "to": {
          "ref": "473 U.S. 531",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_378",
          "para_1499"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Montoya de Hernandez, 473 U.S. 531, 544",
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        "hash": "cb90c1b2822216292964522b7b5e911d46d39b6010ab2bc0a40bfc2da67cf526"
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        "to": {
          "ref": "490 U.S. 1",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_502"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Sokolow, 490 U.S. 1, 7 (1989)).",
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        "hash": "984d82122755ebd13e9c168971c8b45c06aec9ca8592fd0328db380a38aa3db4"
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "508 U.S. 36",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1170"
        ],
        "excerpt": "508 U.S. 36, 38 (1993)).",
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        "hash": "0a5cd37f80bf14a689b5a74fb1830361cb088a4f851e4c11bd1a18198e1506b9"
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "509 F.3d 89",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_154",
          "para_1340"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Chertoff, 509 F.3d 89, 102 n.5 (2d Cir. 2007).",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "2aab15539b20c68f886cb4f5254c06d2d57297deebb91f4fa5cf25ce0a02b29e"
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        "to": {
          "ref": "526 U.S. 286",
          "id": null,
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        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_973"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Gabbert, 526 U.S. 286,",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "48914cfac8dfbba0ee7d8512c685ff8ac42d329bf8d8811f28f4cc02903cb04c"
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "526 U.S. 295",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        ],
        "excerpt": "Houghton, 526 U.S. 295, 300",
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "527 U.S. 173",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1687"
        ],
        "excerpt": "United States, 527 U.S. 173, 184 (1999) (“It is . . . an",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "31fc8eba18c0141635ec9219a20bcedac12aa93367194fcc50baa2abb8a8b607"
      },
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "533 F.3d 1003",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1121"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Arnold, 533 F.3d 1003, 1006 (9th Cir.",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "631ef436523ad8c35cae17286f7a7542959f1928bc959b3b971e0d2713dcaa1f"
      },
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "533 U.S. 53",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1584"
        ],
        "excerpt": "I.N.S., 533 U.S. 53, 67 (2001) (describing",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "ed68a6a9135fdb99915a547442eb2de5e7095d6eeee3364f09dd00fbfc7c3c26"
      },
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "541 U.S. 149",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1490"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Flores-Montano, 541 U.S. 149, 152-154 (2004), courts",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "1c6d9dafef18d024cd098c5e788d2f26f94fdfb72ceac3c02e6c5787debbd517"
      },
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "547 F.3d 993",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_934"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Seljan, 547 F.3d 993, 1004 (9th Cir. 2008) (“Seljan has",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "7563f697568a6c521901c3552d516f279b24e0be1cbab13cc75fa82d6b7ac5e1"
      },
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "554 U.S. 237",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1683"
        ],
        "excerpt": "United States, 554 U.S. 237, 243 (2008)).",
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        "hash": "81938e46fee69d865cf151a3a96d28c3765bc40f8f5f4d60df2bfcbaae77a697"
      },
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "556 U.S. 332",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_933"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Gant, 556 U.S. 332, 339 (2009), we “balanc[e] the",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "e2298dc540a15031bbb422f579ae1270826ec07da80536d4b91d52e03c0d10cf"
      },
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "564 U.S. 786",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1046"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Merchants Ass’n, 564 U.S. 786, 790 (2011) (quoting Joseph Burstyn, Inc.",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "e71caf78aef619a41a0522de0ae6b0ea1898ed1bb6fe70a4fa312d7c321124aa"
      },
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "572 U.S. 393",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_498"
        ],
        "excerpt": "California, 572 U.S. 393,",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "37d30be694d03dd52928d21fc4c55d323fa0b79f74ad731c4d05e2d5696cc8f6"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17~cites~573-u-s-373",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "573 U.S. 373",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_131"
        ],
        "excerpt": "573 U.S. 373 (2014), to conclude that a “search of a cellphone requires",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "05617a14d1650daf3e759cbf7572f2ad5b7a1ab41b618665df0b93c1306a9b24"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17~cites~585-u-s-296",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "585 U.S. 296",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_555",
          "para_1381"
        ],
        "excerpt": "United States, 585 U.S. 296, 313 (2018);",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "5f9757ef32295c54c33d8835f928cce9da8ab0ade61a1af0465c9d3f95cc8464"
      },
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "586 F.2d 973",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_709"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Asbury, 586 F.2d 973, 976 (2d Cir. 1978).6 Those cases",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "248b304a4c6e34d1efdc525dfa492c908b3f9e8f2a6beffbf252b6acfbce3f2c"
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        "type": "cites",
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        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "590 U.S. 371",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1678"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Sineneng-Smith, 590 U.S. 371, 375",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "7df3a1ddd8526c4cb61c031ca46a792a370bb0fc9fee0a052d82bd522676c0e2"
      },
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "597 F.2d 1303",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_927"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Schoor, 597 F.2d 1303, 1306 (9th Cir. 1979));",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "2bf06d8d0d5953828dc21c1ed1c4dbf5137791c874a6f680b86de292505b5f26"
      },
      {
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "630 F.2d 836",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_907"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Arra, 630 F.2d 836, 846 (1st Cir. 1980)).",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "7404a3be51451c5d9f13f387486f740a8e20bd6525bc954fef7c4b70704a6ad5"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17~cites~638-f-3d-106",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "638 F.3d 106",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1135"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Potes-Castillo, 638 F.3d 106, 108 (2d Cir.",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "71a9134edffa28010e19809a19d24fe7504a9ff6e0de1105beb78004df235f3e"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17~cites~65-f-4th-86",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "65 F.4th 86",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1221"
        ],
        "excerpt": "65 F.4th 86, 88-89 (2d Cir. 2023) (emphasis added) (citation and",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "c910dd9300ec7a050364f5142c0d8b51b863482a0f890f4c73f3042842efb7b6"
      },
      {
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "663 F.2d 1",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_716"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Sanders, 663 F.2d 1, 3 (2d Cir. 1981) (holding that no reasonable",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "c298e9dc7d5a688fa82695bf2a721fa60448dcf35ea489379c7c00565b5c9a6f"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17~cites~67-f-4th-895",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "67 F.4th 895",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_761"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Xiang, 67 F.4th 895, 900 (8th Cir.",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "a693ec444dfa7757c7138ea47b4edcd9b4f1efa0c45a3a5f1069c87af92e1daa"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17~cites~694-f-2d-28",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "694 F.2d 28",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_687"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Muench, 694 F.2d 28, 33 (2d Cir. 1982) (emphasis",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "b1497e802679c67853b5733834eb71dd4fee006eba8cb434c58e95fa38e68141"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17~cites~70-f-4th-894",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "70 F.4th 894",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_814"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Castillo, 70 F.4th 894, 898 (5th Cir.",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "13bb93766ae82bb8d728913d991086669f5b6c5995c1698441086d7a79f1e5b2"
      },
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "709 F.3d 952",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_782",
          "para_1539"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Cotterman, 709 F.3d 952, 967 (9th Cir. 2013));",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "ed4d7e1128d4ad54546cd7a3d185b50b0da6f413ba0e676889d768188fea94fa"
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "759 F.2d 728",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_928"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Alfonso, 759 F.2d 728, 735 (9th Cir. 1985) (“It is",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "2e1cca565b90a2d5131057e0f26a409133e0efe1a9c09a08541cc84fa5c87544"
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "771 F.2d 655",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_708"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Ogberaha, 771 F.2d 655, 658 (2d Cir. 1985);",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "4143721958aa32445fba6f5b048c308524628583c262579930ae68227a838d73"
      },
      {
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "803 F.3d 120",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1339"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Levy, 803 F.3d 120, 122 (2d Cir. 2015) (quoting",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "6dd2900d01191df8bd20795606455f922af71ac2faacf8886097ea2d005b6f27"
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "us:ca2-24-960-2026-09-17",
        "to": {
          "ref": "805 F.2d 1108",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_368"
        ],
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