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        "excerpt": "Moreover that question is largely the same as that of compliance with the proportionality requirement referred to in paragraph 117 above (see, to that effect, judgment of 16 July 2020, Facebook Ireland and Schrems, C-311/18 , EU:C:2020:559 , paragraph 180 ), and will be examined in paragraph 125 et ",
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        "excerpt": "Next, having regard to the particular features, at the time that directive was adopted, of the criminal justice systems of the Member States in the absence of harmonisation of the offences thus referred to, it was possible for the EU legislature merely to refer to categories of offences without defi",
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        "excerpt": "It should be noted as a preliminary point that, in accordance with a general principle of interpretation, an EU act must be interpreted, as far as possible, in such a way as not to affect its validity and in conformity with primary law as a whole and, in particular, with the provisions of the Charte",
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        "excerpt": "In addition, it is settled case-law that, when a directive allows the Member States discretion to define transposition measures adapted to the various situations possible, they must, when implementing those measures, not only interpret their national law in a manner consistent with the directive in ",
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        "excerpt": "A measure is proportionate if, while appropriate for securing the attainment of the objective pursued, it does not go beyond what is necessary in order to attain that objective (see, to that effect, judgment of 5 June 2018, Coman and Others, C-673/16 , EU:C:2018:385 , paragraph 41 and the case-law c",
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          "ref": "C-70/18",
          "id": "eu:c-70-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-70-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_835"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Thus, legislation that provides for the retention of personal data must continue to satisfy objective criteria that establish a connection between the data to be retained and the objective pursued (see, to that effect, Opinion 1/15 (EU-Canada PNR Agreement) of 26 July 2017, EU:C:2017:592 , paragraph",
        "decided": "2022-06-21",
        "hash": "5aad834643252047b78de3edb5d4bad33efafdffbf57be2190379cf2fff043c6"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817~follows~c-718-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-718/19",
          "id": "eu:c-718-19",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-718-19"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1164"
        ],
        "excerpt": "First of all, Article 45 of the Charter enshrines the free movement of persons, which is, moreover, one of the fundamental freedoms of the internal market (see, to that effect, judgment of 22 June 2021, Ordre des barreaux francophones et germanophone and Others (Preventive measures for removal), C-7",
        "decided": "2022-06-21",
        "hash": "a1df33e28b8472b65e9c91e86fac5ac9a26a0ddf7cd18ce703ab2bde354886e5"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817~follows~c-746-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-746/18",
          "id": "eu:c-746-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-746-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1049",
          "para_1215"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Lastly, in so far as the referring court raises the question of the impact of a finding of incompatibility, if any, of the Law of 25 December 2016 with the provisions of the PNR Directive, read in the light of the Charter, on the admissibility and use of the evidence and information secured from the",
        "decided": "2022-06-21",
        "hash": "82286089f3d4ef943d8c334e96810c066bb59c981dcfc8d8fbef58362b33b0ea"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817~cites~c-225-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-225/19",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1030"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In particular, the competent authorities must ensure that the person concerned - without necessarily allowing that person, during the administrative procedure, to become aware of the pre-determined assessment criteria and programs applying those criteria - is able to understand how those criteria an",
        "decided": "2022-06-21",
        "hash": "8fae04fe934f4f672cb939972385d176505aa5720d7c5abbdba76bd16a098731"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817~cites~c-226-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-226/19",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1030"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In particular, the competent authorities must ensure that the person concerned - without necessarily allowing that person, during the administrative procedure, to become aware of the pre-determined assessment criteria and programs applying those criteria - is able to understand how those criteria an",
        "decided": "2022-06-21",
        "hash": "d0a64000996aa38081972cfd14bfcc31e08f22526c203f9df98336c70d381e10"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817~cites~c-300-11",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-300/11",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1032"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Lastly, in the context of redress introduced pursuant to Article 13(1) of the PNR Directive, the court responsible for reviewing the legality of the decision adopted by the competent authorities as well as, except in the case of threats to State security, the persons concerned themselves must have h",
        "decided": "2022-06-21",
        "hash": "3d0c6da8c7d31d2bf5d52cf8d93af8a10030a237cb9b1642b15cf1b164c6ad2e"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817~cites~c-317-04",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-317/04",
          "id": "eu:c-317-04",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-317-04"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_720",
          "para_728"
        ],
        "excerpt": "The Belgian Government submits however that the transfer of PNR data by economic operators to the PIU, for the purposes of the prevention and detection of criminal offences, as provided for in Article 1(1)(a) and (2) and Article 8 of the PNR Directive, which constitutes ‘processing’ of personal data",
        "decided": "2022-06-21",
        "hash": "7fbfd6e029ff37246af392e159341aeff4b59ee357358c2515b334f798292600"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817~cites~c-318-04",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-318/04",
          "id": "eu:c-318-04",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-318-04"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_720",
          "para_728"
        ],
        "excerpt": "The Belgian Government submits however that the transfer of PNR data by economic operators to the PIU, for the purposes of the prevention and detection of criminal offences, as provided for in Article 1(1)(a) and (2) and Article 8 of the PNR Directive, which constitutes ‘processing’ of personal data",
        "decided": "2022-06-21",
        "hash": "82270e61826b57a80e74433918c111d3e8a744b842dad720efddc02c26b7c461"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817~cites~c-623-17",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-623/17",
          "id": "eu:c-623-17-62017cj0623",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-623-17-62017cj0623"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_823"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It must be borne in mind that the fundamental rights enshrined in Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter are not absolute rights, but must be considered in relation to their function in society (Opinion 1/15 (EU-Canada PNR Agreement) of 26 July 2017, EU:C:2017:592 , paragraph 136 and the case-law cited, an",
        "decided": "2022-06-21",
        "hash": "6f981c88f4e61430f85a8992b9bed7eeb986704742c9938c0366a6b05efcd462"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817~cites~c-661-18",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-817-19-62019cj0817",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-661/18",
          "id": "eu:c-661-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-661-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1093"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In addition, if, in proceedings brought on the basis of Article 267 TFEU, the interpretation of provisions of national law is a matter for the courts of the Member States, not for the Court of Justice, and the Court has no jurisdiction to rule on the compatibility of rules of national law with EU la",
        "decided": "2022-06-21",
        "hash": "935da34b4d42034b2525fd70dfa42b678c298d8eaf8a343fc0b1e0e6215a533a"
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    ],
    "incoming": [
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        "edge_id": "edge:eu:62020cj0037~follows~c-817-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:62020cj0037",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62020cj0037",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_286",
          "para_288",
          "para_301",
          "para_306",
          "para_332",
          "para_343",
          "para_345"
        ],
        "excerpt": "That aim constitutes an objective of general interest that is capable of justifying even serious interferences with the fundamental rights enshrined in Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter (see, to that effect, judgment of 21 June 2022, Ligue des droits humains, C-817/19 , EU:C:2022:491 , paragraph 122 a"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:62022cj0662~cites~c-817-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:62022cj0662",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62022cj0662",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_343"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It should be added that Article 3(4) of Directive 2000/31, as an exception to the principle of control in the home Member State, must be interpreted strictly (see, by analogy, judgments of 22 November 2012, Probst, C-119/12 , EU:C:2012:748 , paragraph 23 , and of 21 June 2022, Ligue des droits humai"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:62022cj0664~cites~c-817-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:62022cj0664",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62022cj0664",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_351"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It should be added that Article 3(4) of Directive 2000/31, as an exception to the principle of control in the home Member State, must be interpreted strictly (see, by analogy, judgments of 22 November 2012, Probst, C-119/12 , EU:C:2012:748 , paragraph 23 , and of 21 June 2022, Ligue des droits humai"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:62023cj0258~cites~c-817-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:62023cj0258",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62023cj0258",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_212"
        ],
        "excerpt": "81 As regards the scope of the rights recognised by the Charter, it should be borne in mind that the fundamental rights enshrined in Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter are not absolute rights, but must be considered in relation to their function in society (judgments of 21 June 2022, Ligue des droits h"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:62024cj0221~follows~c-817-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:62024cj0221",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62024cj0221",
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "While an act which permits interference with the exercise of fundamental rights must itself define the scope of the limitation on the exercise of the right concerned, the Court may, where appropriate, specify, by means of interpretation, the actual scope of the limitation in the light of the very wo"
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-178-22~follows~c-817-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
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        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-178-22",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_212",
          "para_214",
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        "excerpt": "A minimum period fixed by reference to a maximum term of imprisonment of three years does not appear, in that regard, to be excessively low (see, to that effect, judgment of 21 June 2022, Ligue des droits humains, C-817/19 , EU:C:2022:491 , paragraph 150 )."
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        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-198-21-p",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_279",
          "para_309"
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        "excerpt": "Thus, if the wording of secondary EU legislation is open to more than one interpretation, preference should be given to the interpretation which renders the provision consistent with primary law rather than to the interpretation which leads to its being incompatible with primary law (judgment of 21 "
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-234-21-62021cj0234~follows~c-817-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-234-21-62021cj0234",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-234-21-62021cj0234",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_198"
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        "excerpt": "Thus, where a provision of secondary EU legislation is open to more than one interpretation, preference should be given to the interpretation which renders the provision consistent with EU primary law rather than to the interpretation which leads to its being incompatible with EU primary law (judgme"
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-270-22~follows~c-817-19",
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        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-270-22",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "The Court has jurisdiction only to supply the national court with all the guidance as to the interpretation of EU law necessary to enable that court to rule on the compatibility of the national rules with the provisions of EU law (see, to that effect, judgment of 21 June 2022, Ligue des droits humai"
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        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-333-22-62022cj0333~follows~c-817-19",
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        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-333-22-62022cj0333",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-333-22-62022cj0333",
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Thus, if the wording of secondary EU legislation is open to more than one interpretation, preference should be given to the interpretation which renders the provision consistent with primary law rather than to the interpretation which leads to its being incompatible with primary law (judgment of 21 "
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Therefore, in accordance with what has been stated in the preceding paragraph of the present judgment and in the absence of rules of EU law governing the matter, it is for the legal system of each Member State to prescribe the detailed rules for safeguarding rights which individuals derive from Arti"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Thus, if the wording of secondary EU legislation is open to more than one interpretation, preference should be given to the interpretation which renders the provision consistent with primary law rather than to the interpretation which leads to its being incompatible with primary law (judgment of 21 "
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Furthermore, in the light of the referring court’s doubts concerning the compatibility with EU law of the national provision transposing, inter alia, Article 1(1)(a) of Directive 2002/90 into Italian law, it must be borne in mind that it is settled case-law that, when implementing the measures trans"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "In that regard, it should be noted that, according to the Court’s case-law, a national measure that is liable to obstruct the exercise of freedom of movement for persons may be justified only where such a measure is consistent with the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Charter, it being the task "
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        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-57-23",
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Moreover, as follows from the case-law of the Court, although the requirement that any limitation on the exercise of fundamental rights recognised by the Charter must be provided for by law implies that the act which permits the interference with those rights defines the scope of that limitation, th"
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        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-61-22-62022cj0061",
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "As regards the requirement laid down in the first sentence of Article 52(1) of the Charter that any limitation on the exercise of rights recognised by the Charter must be provided for by law, it should be recalled that that requirement implies that the act which permits the interference with those r"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "On the other hand, the Court may, where appropriate, specify, by means of interpretation, the actual scope of the limitation in the light of the very wording of the EU legislation in question as well as its general scheme and the objectives it pursues, as interpreted in view of the fundamental right"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "It should be added that Article 3(4) of Directive 2000/31, as an exception to the principle of control in the home Member State, must be interpreted strictly (see, by analogy, judgments of 22 November 2012, Probst, C-119/12 , EU:C:2012:748 , paragraph 23 , and of 21 June 2022, Ligue des droits humai"
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        "excerpt": "On the other hand, the Court may, where appropriate, specify, by means of interpretation, the actual scope of the limitation in the light of the very wording of the EU legislation in question as well as its general scheme and the objectives it pursues, as interpreted in view of the fundamental right"
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