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    "outgoing": [
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        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~overrules~c-740-22",
        "type": "overrules",
        "label_sv": "frångår",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
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        "excerpt": "Since such data relate to behaviour that gives rise to social disapproval, the grant of access to those data is thus liable to stigmatise the data subject and thereby to constitute a serious interference with his or her private or professional life (judgment of 7 March 2024, Endemol Shine Finland , ",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "9923710a91baa023a39f592189ff1b13fb0db365b8484de2ac601ce52a32b167"
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        "excerpt": "515 It follows from the judgment of 16 February 2022, Hungary v Parliament and Council (C-156/21, EU:C:2022:97, paragraphs 157 and 158), that certain provisions of the Charter and the FEU Treaty define the scope of the values enshrined in Article 2 TEU, with those provisions - unlike Article 2 TEU w",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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        "excerpt": "390 In that regard, it is true that it follows from the case-law of the Court that the essential characteristic of that concept of ‘service’, namely remuneration constituting financial consideration for the service in question, is absent where teaching is provided under the public education system, ",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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        "excerpt": "521 In accordance with Article 49 TEU, respect for those values is a prerequisite for the accession to the European Union of any European State applying to become a member of the European Union, thereby bringing together States which have freely and voluntarily subscribed to those values and are con",
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        "excerpt": "That legislation must indicate in what circumstances and under which conditions a measure providing for the processing of such data may be adopted, thereby ensuring that the interference is limited to what is strictly necessary (see, to that effect, judgments of 2 March 2021, Prokuratuur (Conditions",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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        "excerpt": "521 In accordance with Article 49 TEU, respect for those values is a prerequisite for the accession to the European Union of any European State applying to become a member of the European Union, thereby bringing together States which have freely and voluntarily subscribed to those values and are con",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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        "excerpt": "549 Mutual trust between Member States is based on the recognition of the values enshrined in that article, meaning that, from the moment of their accession, none of those States is to exercise its powers in a way that would go against those values, which define the very identity of the Union as a c",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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        "excerpt": "349 Furthermore, according to settled case-law, all requirements that prohibit, impede or render less attractive the exercise of the freedom to provide services must be regarded as restrictions on that freedom (see, to that effect, judgment of 19 June 2025, Commission v Poland (Advertising for pharm",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "It should be emphasised in that context that the European Union thus brings together States which, as has been recalled in paragraph 521 of the present judgment, have freely and voluntarily subscribed to those values (including the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Charter), respect them, and und",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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          "id": "eu:c-236-09",
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        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "That general principle precludes, in particular, comparable situations from being treated differently where that difference in treatment is not capable of being objectively justified (see, to that effect, judgment of 1 March 2011, Association belge des Consommateurs Test-Achats and Others , C-236/09",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "0b292ead2618c9be74a3deb8a28d145a8c2a22000363881db4d082e6ed67a478"
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          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "197 In those circumstances, Hungary also cannot validly rely on considerations of public order, public morality or public security to justify the exercise by the Media Council of the power conferred on it by Paragraph 179(2) of the Law on Media Services, read in conjunction with Paragraph 179(4)(a) ",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "a210429f6262df279879e20945e62794bca637c0bb0649eff53a456b274c8385"
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        "label_sv": "följer",
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        "to": {
          "ref": "C-245/10",
          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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          "para_670",
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        "excerpt": "197 In those circumstances, Hungary also cannot validly rely on considerations of public order, public morality or public security to justify the exercise by the Media Council of the power conferred on it by Paragraph 179(2) of the Law on Media Services, read in conjunction with Paragraph 179(4)(a) ",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "0af7d26ffacf71a27435c64833f8dbfc1f3860d5a3f47b2b5ffe06633099cb45"
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      {
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        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
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        "to": {
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          "id": "eu:c-247-23",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-247-23"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "142 In that regard, it should be borne in mind that, under the first sentence of Article 52(1) of the Charter, undermining the essence of a right guaranteed by the Charter cannot be justified under any circumstances (see, to that effect, judgments of 26 September 2024, Ordre des avocats du Barreau d",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "bbd2e8d743b3144309e6036b06398fa8411a1916cc968b24747994e71384daca"
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        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-280-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-280/21",
          "id": "eu:c-280-21",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-280-21"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_995",
          "para_996"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Such are the demands of pluralism, tolerance and broadmindedness without which there is no ‘democratic society’ (see, to that effect, judgment of 12 January 2023, Migracijos departamentas (Reasons for persecution on the ground of political opinion) , C-280/21, EU:C:2023:13, paragraph 30 and the case",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "71ab0ef95a6eb0e073a09bba8ff225deddcd9af3956e55623c77ab5f2ad37274"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-305-05",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-305/05",
          "id": "eu:c-305-05",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-305-05"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        ],
        "excerpt": "In that context, Member States must, inter alia, make sure they do not rely on an interpretation of an instrument of secondary legislation which would be in conflict with those fundamental rights (see, to that effect, judgments of 26 June 2007, Ordre des barreaux francophones et germanophone and Oth",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "d5edb49c61dd2e7d19a40316848957d16c326496fff0c3384e1764092c294c4f"
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        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-31/16",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "348 That definition must be read in the light of recital 9 of Directive 2006/123, according to which that directive applies only to requirements which affect the access to, or the exercise of, a service activity and therefore does not apply to requirements which do not specifically regulate or speci",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "31247ae46b2b3b4f67514dcf1ee0b0b85613078958f2d9ce6c21b1c2c13d1979"
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-360-15",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-360/15",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_863"
        ],
        "excerpt": "348 That definition must be read in the light of recital 9 of Directive 2006/123, according to which that directive applies only to requirements which affect the access to, or the exercise of, a service activity and therefore does not apply to requirements which do not specifically regulate or speci",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "7e0502fc1211d83d87f11f0e361dba835b029541cc89781f7be7b5e3985c5ab1"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-391-20",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-391/20",
          "id": "eu:c-391-20-62020cj0391",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-391-20-62020cj0391"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_775"
        ],
        "excerpt": "272 In that regard, it follows from the case-law of the Court that, while EU law does not affect the competence of the Member States as regards, first, the content of teaching and the organisation of education systems and their cultural and linguistic diversity, and, second, the content and organisa",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "64d809b189b989a0095cdcdf79a24768448de010a92cc5736a8aa2429a2aac5d"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-394-23",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-394/23",
          "id": "eu:c-394-23-62023cj0394",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-394-23-62023cj0394"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_624",
          "para_1132",
          "para_1133",
          "para_1135",
          "para_1137"
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        "excerpt": "In view of the purpose of Article 21(1) of the Charter and the nature of the rights which it seeks to safeguard, the scope of that article is such as to apply not only to discrimination arising from a change of gender of the person concerned, that is to say, from gender reassignment, but also to dis",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "c6289b7d7534c66f6138403bdca8d061522e9858a8448ba5084e55a4f22e1359"
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        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-4/23",
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          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-4-23-62023cj0004"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_967",
          "para_968"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Thus, that provision encompasses the right of each person to establish details of his or her identity as an individual human being, which includes the right of transgender persons to personal development and physical and moral integrity, as well as to respect for, and recognition of, their sexual or",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "0f6b5bb63823e648b882185b9b2f6d3c8194e59347bfe152cbcfac2e8d8fc83b"
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          "ref": "C-423/04",
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        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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          "para_624",
          "para_704"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In view of the purpose of Article 21(1) of the Charter and the nature of the rights which it seeks to safeguard, the scope of that article is such as to apply not only to discrimination arising from a change of gender of the person concerned, that is to say, from gender reassignment, but also to dis",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "dde6ee4fdd152b0d1ed0bf5fad84fad32bd844870517d381e13c490bac66bc12"
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        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-432/23",
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          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-432-23-62023cj0432"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        ],
        "excerpt": "142 In that regard, it should be borne in mind that, under the first sentence of Article 52(1) of the Charter, undermining the essence of a right guaranteed by the Charter cannot be justified under any circumstances (see, to that effect, judgments of 26 September 2024, Ordre des avocats du Barreau d",
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        "hash": "a9e08da95aba77506938926d4012973172887d613943724d11cbb3f1f7b602ca"
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          "ref": "C-436/20",
          "id": "eu:c-436-20-62020cj0436",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-436-20-62020cj0436"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_743",
          "para_770",
          "para_771"
        ],
        "excerpt": "267 In addition, regarding the condition that that content must ‘normally’ be ‘provided for remuneration’, it should be borne in mind that services normally provided for remuneration constitute economic activities, the essential characteristic of remuneration residing in the fact that it constitutes",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "8efd88577bd82e3c50f6cbcfc010c1cb34d4eaaa4fe58200f39f678ad3187aea"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-441-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-441/19",
          "id": "eu:c-441-19",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-441-19"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_634"
        ],
        "excerpt": "143 Moreover, as regards, in the first place, Hungary’s line of argument derived from Article 24(2) of the Charter, it should be borne in mind that that provision affirms the fundamental nature of the rights of the child (see, to that effect, judgment of 14 January 2021, Staatssecretaris van Justiti",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "79cf1369de300e02c0054d48f2b30ec7c7801980603a944d58951ab5772649e8"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-451-16",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-451/16",
          "id": "eu:c-451-16",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-451-16"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_624"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In view of the purpose of Article 21(1) of the Charter and the nature of the rights which it seeks to safeguard, the scope of that article is such as to apply not only to discrimination arising from a change of gender of the person concerned, that is to say, from gender reassignment, but also to dis",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "7dc4d4bf5c5f1f18d4dc0dc7a3dc8da4666a2775d7f58a4d8527578512810ac9"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-454-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-454/19",
          "id": "eu:c-454-19",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-454-19"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_618"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Thus, the measures adopted by a Member State to protect minors against audiovisual content likely to impair their physical, mental or moral development do not necessarily correspond to a conception shared by all Member States as regards the level of protection and the detailed rules relating thereto",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "3d8b99a5ad54b69dd48723fa341b52c9d1a075fd4faf3ca24d33a5f3ec5c03c7"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-460-23",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-460/23",
          "id": "eu:c-460-23-62023cj0460",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-460-23-62023cj0460"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_620"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that context, Member States must, inter alia, make sure they do not rely on an interpretation of an instrument of secondary legislation which would be in conflict with those fundamental rights (see, to that effect, judgments of 26 June 2007, Ordre des barreaux francophones et germanophone and Oth",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "181422253d857977050347b6e84330609a58a55c6f5ac1db9d52b6c412b0fee5"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-473-16",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-473/16",
          "id": "eu:c-473-16",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-473-16"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_972"
        ],
        "excerpt": "440 In view of that case-law of the European Court of Human Rights relating to Article 8 ECHR, the right to respect for private and family life enshrined in Article 7 of the Charter is thus of specific relevance with regard to the protection of a person’s gender identity and sexual orientation in bo",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "e988f62e997cd9d9cef2b9608e92957c9e1cea6db35e1f492ce7532a630f62fb"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-475-11",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-475/11",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_865",
          "para_876",
          "para_889"
        ],
        "excerpt": "371 In addition, according to that case-law, even if national legislation does not lay down such a general and absolute prohibition of advertising or a particular form of advertising, such legislation is liable to constitute an obstacle to the relevant freedom to provide advertising services (see, t",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "039f327c98f9bed52cc1ca2b88196b9843c2653fd10dd5fe06a4da77a4d89ad9"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-484-14",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-484/14",
          "id": "eu:c-484-14",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-484-14"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_745",
          "para_770"
        ],
        "excerpt": "267 In addition, regarding the condition that that content must ‘normally’ be ‘provided for remuneration’, it should be borne in mind that services normally provided for remuneration constitute economic activities, the essential characteristic of remuneration residing in the fact that it constitutes",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "689cc4df0cc82231f4eee15abefd2100bddd84a801fb0ddbcfe509281b9d1891"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-528-13",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-528/13",
          "id": "eu:c-528-13",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-528-13"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_620"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that context, Member States must, inter alia, make sure they do not rely on an interpretation of an instrument of secondary legislation which would be in conflict with those fundamental rights (see, to that effect, judgments of 26 June 2007, Ordre des barreaux francophones et germanophone and Oth",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "9b35ea74aa4a4690adeecc5ffca15c63d407ca40d9bdb24ff325e51804c643df"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-555-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-555/19",
          "id": "eu:c-555-19",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-555-19"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_998",
          "para_1000"
        ],
        "excerpt": "465 It thus follows from the case-law that a national measure, inasmuch as it limits the possibilities to disseminate certain content or advertising that promotes or portrays deviation from the self-identity corresponding to the sex assigned at birth, gender reassignment, or homosexuality, or prohib",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "506976cfd9b4fa0f04bac6d499493e4ed716c0ff34574f8c9d108abce88e6b9b"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-555-23",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-555/23",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_615",
          "para_651",
          "para_718"
        ],
        "excerpt": "160 Under Article 4(1) of Directive 2010/13, read in the light of recitals 41 and 83 thereof, in order to ensure that the interests of consumers as television viewers are fully and properly protected, Member States have the option, with regard to media service providers under their jurisdiction, of ",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "42b8747a0fd02d8d491dea22681abba6b33957ec0e89f30cffadd16a1e2bf4e1"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-556-23",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-556/23",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_615",
          "para_651",
          "para_718"
        ],
        "excerpt": "160 Under Article 4(1) of Directive 2010/13, read in the light of recitals 41 and 83 thereof, in order to ensure that the interests of consumers as television viewers are fully and properly protected, Member States have the option, with regard to media service providers under their jurisdiction, of ",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "42f64086f21e35c6a423fa7a52204215bc1399dfcdbc5cfe9ec68b821027783f"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-57-12",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-57/12",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_858",
          "para_859",
          "para_920"
        ],
        "excerpt": "While the first condition concerns the nature of the activities carried out, the second condition concerns the status of the service provider, which may be the State itself, a charity recognised as such by the State, or a private service provider mandated by the State (see, to that effect, judgment ",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "83103c792542a0c6f28e4591f5b8506bda6d7bb8b6d01c8f0e04bcabda310649"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-622-17",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-622/17",
          "id": "eu:c-622-17-62017cj0622",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-622-17-62017cj0622"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_677"
        ],
        "excerpt": "183 In that regard, it should be emphasised that the European Convention on Transfrontier Television, which was drawn up at the same time as Directive 89/552 and to which both that directive and Directive 2010/13 refer, requires, in Article 4 thereof, which contains a similar provision to Article 3(",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "7e6daee520ba33cd64f0c3eea2da47b8b095012d69d0ac3e72b75ce1ff20d09c"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-66-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-66/18",
          "id": "eu:c-66-18-62018cj0066",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-66-18-62018cj0066"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_934",
          "para_1083"
        ],
        "excerpt": "410 Furthermore, it is for the Member State concerned to demonstrate that those conditions are satisfied (see, to that effect, judgment of 6 October 2020, Commission v Hungary (Higher education) , C-66/18, EU:C:2020:792, paragraph 179 and the case-law cited).",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "647bf74a9de61a77a13238bc24871b4203181ea9e7544a0255587ac886ce11b7"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-662-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-662/21",
          "id": "eu:c-662-21",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-662-21"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_618",
          "para_729"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Thus, the measures adopted by a Member State to protect minors against audiovisual content likely to impair their physical, mental or moral development do not necessarily correspond to a conception shared by all Member States as regards the level of protection and the detailed rules relating thereto",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "47b9bab010112782593e78c6ee866cc0588f47333647640bc22e3a116ea90f56"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-662-22",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-662/22",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_818",
          "para_841"
        ],
        "excerpt": "326 As a preliminary point, regarding the freedom to provide services referred to in Article 56 TFEU, it should be borne in mind that the extent of that freedom is given concrete expression by, inter alia, Directive 2006/123 (see, to that effect, judgment of 30 May 2024, Airbnb Ireland and Amazon Se",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "c9d71727f6344f35882aa6a46d4ae1497715a2078abcec296937694578687536"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-667-22",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-667/22",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_818",
          "para_841"
        ],
        "excerpt": "326 As a preliminary point, regarding the freedom to provide services referred to in Article 56 TFEU, it should be borne in mind that the extent of that freedom is given concrete expression by, inter alia, Directive 2006/123 (see, to that effect, judgment of 30 May 2024, Airbnb Ireland and Amazon Se",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "0296d20aec6de74e6161ff4c11c550e5471ecba7d2390f400a7070e3e230450a"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-679-16",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-679/16",
          "id": "eu:c-679-16",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-679-16"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_775"
        ],
        "excerpt": "272 In that regard, it follows from the case-law of the Court that, while EU law does not affect the competence of the Member States as regards, first, the content of teaching and the organisation of education systems and their cultural and linguistic diversity, and, second, the content and organisa",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "1811ce43e58d213e1acc3f746fbcbf4bd827c7bb1ddcda5a13af2671a9dfaaa8"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-694-20",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-694/20",
          "id": "eu:c-694-20-62020cj0694",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-694-20-62020cj0694"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_969"
        ],
        "excerpt": "437 In addition, in accordance with Article 52(3) of the Charter, which is intended to ensure the necessary consistency between the rights contained in the Charter and the corresponding rights guaranteed by the ECHR without adversely affecting the autonomy of Union law, and in particular without pre",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "5a870a1a5213da08e121a20aa09d81c1f3824a803851aa868ce46cfb4719e58e"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-710-23",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-710/23",
          "id": "eu:c-710-23-62023cj0710",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-710-23-62023cj0710"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1140"
        ],
        "excerpt": "592 That article must be read in the light of, first, recital 4 of the GDPR, which states, inter alia, that the right to the protection of personal data is not an absolute right, and second, recital 154 of that regulation, from which it is apparent, inter alia, that public access to official documen",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "e5b499c8b44385f101da0e7c9cc88a8dc65afc3bbf85e9f5a3aa955951ce48c7"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-713-23",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-713/23",
          "id": "eu:c-713-23",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-713-23"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_622",
          "para_969"
        ],
        "excerpt": "437 In addition, in accordance with Article 52(3) of the Charter, which is intended to ensure the necessary consistency between the rights contained in the Charter and the corresponding rights guaranteed by the ECHR without adversely affecting the autonomy of Union law, and in particular without pre",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "66ac17a28d60712830027f17173b2fe18f31ec1af9e6bae6aa396d2ca0a59422"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-719-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-719/18",
          "id": "eu:c-719-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-719-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_619"
        ],
        "excerpt": "128 Accordingly, as Hungary contends, the Member States have, when implementing Article 6a(1) of Directive 2010/13, a margin of assessment in defining the audiovisual media services provided by media service providers under their jurisdiction which are likely to impair the physical, mental or moral ",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "66dee4d888f14194208d37e6bda841ad74b4c6687cf11b72df9146ab4e78760e"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-724-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-724/18",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_863"
        ],
        "excerpt": "348 That definition must be read in the light of recital 9 of Directive 2006/123, according to which that directive applies only to requirements which affect the access to, or the exercise of, a service activity and therefore does not apply to requirements which do not specifically regulate or speci",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "8968e7121ef72537dcb0c67bee290284718b8d09a1f2a751b4b72d5e8bbc4a89"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-727-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-727/18",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_863"
        ],
        "excerpt": "348 That definition must be read in the light of recital 9 of Directive 2006/123, according to which that directive applies only to requirements which affect the access to, or the exercise of, a service activity and therefore does not apply to requirements which do not specifically regulate or speci",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "fa2d17701b0c6df05aecab0c4bd5831b3626368f21ba59a3e1fcce6609856b03"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-74-16",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-74/16",
          "id": "eu:c-74-16",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-74-16"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_855",
          "para_913"
        ],
        "excerpt": "340 In addition to the case-law of the Court referred to in paragraphs 267 and 268 of the present judgment, it should be borne in mind, in that regard, that it is possible that a public establishment may carry on a number of activities, both economic and non-economic, provided that any risk of cross",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "25573fe400be60845e20862e00814ad66d0739c80905b1b7300a64d673cba02d"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-746-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-746/18",
          "id": "eu:c-746-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-746-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1156"
        ],
        "excerpt": "That legislation must indicate in what circumstances and under which conditions a measure providing for the processing of such data may be adopted, thereby ensuring that the interference is limited to what is strictly necessary (see, to that effect, judgments of 2 March 2021, Prokuratuur (Conditions",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "3d78be9c585f9409f4acc57a715f329add11b3ac1084947342129052fdcaac52"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-78-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-78/18",
          "id": "eu:c-78-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-78-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "421 According to settled case-law, such measures must comply with the Charter, which requires, in particular, that they do not impose any limitations on the rights and freedoms enshrined therein or, if they do, that those limitations are justified in the light of the requirements set out in Article ",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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          "id": "eu:c-808-21",
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        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "561 In addition, Article 4(2) TEU must be read in the light of provisions of the same rank, in particular Article 2 TEU, and cannot exempt Member States from the obligation to comply with the requirements arising from those provisions (see, to that effect, judgments of 19 November 2024, Commission v",
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          "id": "eu:c-814-21",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "561 In addition, Article 4(2) TEU must be read in the light of provisions of the same rank, in particular Article 2 TEU, and cannot exempt Member States from the obligation to comply with the requirements arising from those provisions (see, to that effect, judgments of 19 November 2024, Commission v",
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        "to": {
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          "id": "eu:c-896-19-62019cj0896",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-896-19-62019cj0896"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        ],
        "excerpt": "The Member States are thus required to ensure that, in the light of those values, any regression is prevented (see, to that effect, judgment of 20 April 2021, Repubblika , C-896/19, EU:C:2021:311, paragraphs 63 and 64 and the case-law cited).",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "130 The Court has repeatedly held that provisions of EU law must be interpreted in the light of fundamental rights, which form an integral part of the general principles of EU law whose observance the Court ensures and which are now set out in the Charter (judgments of 13 May 2014, Google Spain and ",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
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          "ref": "C-131/12",
          "id": null,
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        "excerpt": "130 The Court has repeatedly held that provisions of EU law must be interpreted in the light of fundamental rights, which form an integral part of the general principles of EU law whose observance the Court ensures and which are now set out in the Charter (judgments of 13 May 2014, Google Spain and ",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
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          "id": "eu:c-148-22",
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        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "It contends, by contrast, that the Member States have a margin of assessment in determining the level of protection of the fundamental interests of society as regards issues which are closely connected with their national identities; that margin of assesment was highlighted by Advocate General Colli",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "5bb3544d85898bc47373748501c871d84e85aff0726dd7a0881a0a424f60a211"
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        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
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          "ref": "C-153/08",
          "id": "eu:c-153-08",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "269 Furthermore, as was noted by the Advocate General in point 323 of her Opinion, the freedom to provide information society services is for the benefit of both providers and recipients of services (see, by analogy, judgments of 6 October 2009, Commission v Spain , C-153/08, EU:C:2009:618, paragrap",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "8984059c7d9be66cf1013598a289e59338de60c693c21ca603d679efdd1fab08"
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        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~cites~c-252-21",
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-252/21",
          "id": "eu:c-252-21",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-252-21"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "588 As has been held by the Court, where it can be found that the processing of personal data is necessary in respect of one of the justifications provided for in points (b) to (f) of the first subparagraph of Article 6(1) of the GDPR, it is not necessary to determine whether that processing also fa",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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          "ref": "C-283/11",
          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "464 As a complement to the fundamental freedom to receive information, guaranteed by Article 11(1) of the Charter, Article 11(2) thereof seeks to promote pluralism of the media in the production and programming of information in the European Union (judgment of 22 January 2013, Sky Österreich , C-283",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "73615f3ec9ab643d5be795bdbd077f32864b18186b5b277b5b7264744b3bb06b"
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        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-291/13",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "243 Fourth, in view of the case-law derived from the judgments of 11 September 2014, Papasavvas (C-291/13, EU:C:2014:2209, paragraph 28), and of 15 September 2016, Mc Fadden (C-484/14, EU:C:2016:689, paragraph 41), the fact that the service is paid for by a third party and not by the recipient of th",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "49d9f7361605e716287ee5dbef124e5049a4e4d1bdca4522e27b0671f7b2bfb2"
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
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          "id": "eu:c-299-17",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-299-17"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "295 In that regard, it follows from the case-law of the Court that it is not necessary that ‘the specific aim and object’ of the entirety of a requirement be to regulate information society services, as it is sufficient that the requirement should pursue that aim or object in some of its provisions ",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-341/19",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
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        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_611"
        ],
        "excerpt": "According to Hungary, in that regard it follows from the case-law derived from the judgment of 15 July 2021, WABE and MH Müller Handel (C-804/18 and C-341/19, EU:C:2021:594), that the right of parents to ensure the education and teaching of their children in conformity with their religious, philosop",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "fc361551865124dc4ad4a50fbb696e221b445f7040682bd1d047b23d92a09be5"
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-376/22",
          "id": "eu:c-376-22",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-376-22"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "259 Article 3 of Directive 2000/31 is, for its part, a central provision in the scheme and system put in place by that directive, in so far as it enshrines the principle of control in the originating Member State, which is also referred to in recital 22 of that directive, which states that ‘informat",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "e4ca7ed3059ab44339f3d5761894c515b790e809376acbc18a892a281e5c0334"
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        "from": "eu:c-769-22",
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          "ref": "C-390/12",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "419 It is necessary to set aside at the outset Hungary’s argument based on the case-law derived from the judgment of 30 April 2014, Pfleger and Others (C-390/12, EU:C:2014:281, paragraph 34), according to which, in so far as the definition of the content of public education falls within the competen",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "07cf659fe75e6c1ae380bce30078e8740c125b8f667a0887f672661a157d29e8"
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
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          "id": "eu:c-401-19",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "462 According to the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights, Article 10 ECHR guarantees freedom of expression and information for everyone and applies not only to the content of information, but also to the means of its dissemination, for any restriction imposed on the latter necessarily int",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "d3bc1e98c03d0c8fe69141628f31bdc9811b3fd9e975b0204c7d9ba3a330310a"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "132 In that regard, it should be specified that the existence of prohibited discrimination may be the result of, inter alia, the offensive and/or stigmatising nature of provisions of national law with regard to the persons concerned (see, as regards discrimination based on ethnic origin, judgment of",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "1226bba3370522fbdcb6e2103ade1dfb21f664729d585a8620c31327c2da547b"
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        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "571 However, it follows from the judgment of 22 June 2021, Latvijas Republikas Saeima (Penalty points) (C-439/19, EU:C:2021:504, paragraph 110 and the case-law cited), that the criterion of necessity is not fulfilled where the objective of general interest can reasonably be achieved just as effectiv",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "360 In that regard, potential restrictive effects are sufficient to establish the existence of a restriction, as this also includes measures liable to discourage or render less attractive the cross-border provision of services, as can be seen from the judgments of 17 July 2008, Corporación Dermoesté",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "b3b6c9f0d93335ce0a57202fde38ce852f2e647dd8c990ace59902208fa735c8"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "This requires that those measures not go beyond what is necessary in order to protect that development and that they are not disproportionate in view of that objective (see, by analogy, judgment of 5 December 2024, Network One Distribution , C-506/23, EU:C:2024:1003, paragraph 35 and the case-law ci",
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        "excerpt": "303 As a preliminary point, it should be borne in mind that, pursuant to Article 3(4)(a) of Directive 2000/31, Member States may, in respect of a given information society service, take measures that derogate from Article 3(2) of that directive, provided, first, that those measures are necessary in ",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "130 The Court has repeatedly held that provisions of EU law must be interpreted in the light of fundamental rights, which form an integral part of the general principles of EU law whose observance the Court ensures and which are now set out in the Charter (judgments of 13 May 2014, Google Spain and ",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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        "excerpt": "391 By contrast, it is apparent from the case-law of the Court that courses offered by educational establishments essentially financed by private funds, in particular by students and their parents, constitute ‘services’ for the purposes of EU law, as the aim of those establishments is to offer a ser",
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          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "360 In that regard, potential restrictive effects are sufficient to establish the existence of a restriction, as this also includes measures liable to discourage or render less attractive the cross-border provision of services, as can be seen from the judgments of 17 July 2008, Corporación Dermoesté",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
        "hash": "2f64b8d6c253aea04f2f19faacc14b7f4860eb19071b493d0b8ee3f072516f9b"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "331 Furthermore, under Article 3(1) of Directive 2006/123, that directive does not apply if its provisions conflict with a provision of another EU act governing specific aspects of access to or exercise of a service activity in specific sectors or for specific professions (judgment of 3 December 202",
        "decided": "2026-04-21",
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        "excerpt": "269 Furthermore, as was noted by the Advocate General in point 323 of her Opinion, the freedom to provide information society services is for the benefit of both providers and recipients of services (see, by analogy, judgments of 6 October 2009, Commission v Spain , C-153/08, EU:C:2009:618, paragrap",
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