{
  "attribution": {
    "source": "legal.exploreworldai.com",
    "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-564-21",
    "cite_as": "NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-564-21)",
    "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision",
    "version": "legal-2026-10-26",
    "fingerprint": "ewai:se:d1610d",
    "proof": "sha256:bf0c5f8713b241a00e299fc774f8b99de7c83a2823f58753aee90deaf51a7502",
    "jurisdiction": "se",
    "lang": "en",
    "publisher": "NovaCopilot by ExploreWorld Legal",
    "terms": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/om"
  },
  "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
  "object_type": "edge",
  "object_id": "edge:eu:c-564-21",
  "schema_version": "1",
  "schema": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/edge",
  "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-564-21",
  "judgment": {
    "id": "eu:c-564-21",
    "text": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=eu:c-564-21"
  },
  "siblings": {
    "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/eu:c-564-21",
    "relation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/eu:c-564-21",
    "change": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/eu:c-564-21",
    "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/eu:c-564-21",
    "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-564-21",
    "status": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/eu:c-564-21",
    "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-564-21",
    "element": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/eu:c-564-21",
    "decision": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-564-21",
    "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-564-21",
    "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-564-21",
    "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-564-21"
  },
  "source": "NovaCopilot",
  "precedent_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/eu:c-564-21",
  "item": {
    "judgment": "eu:c-564-21",
    "outgoing": [
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-564-21~follows~c-146-14",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-564-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-146/14",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_182",
          "para_186"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It follows from the case-law that the obligation to produce an act, in particular a decision adversely affecting a person, in written form, which is provided for in a large number of cases by EU law (see judgments of 5 June 2014, Mahdi, C-146/14 PPU , EU:C:2014:1320 , paragraphs 41 to 49 and the cas",
        "decided": "2022-12-01",
        "hash": "e794cd0b209bf823c6486d75dce913a31c33b4eb45f3472bd1a942908544b0e9"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-564-21~follows~c-258-16",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-564-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-258/16",
          "id": "eu:c-258-16",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-258-16"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_182"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It follows from the case-law that the obligation to produce an act, in particular a decision adversely affecting a person, in written form, which is provided for in a large number of cases by EU law (see judgments of 5 June 2014, Mahdi, C-146/14 PPU , EU:C:2014:1320 , paragraphs 41 to 49 and the cas",
        "decided": "2022-12-01",
        "hash": "0c8039948177c9ecf9ef80f9e0e760e1651d4e8ea24928c82b8a7a14c79e1a8d"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-564-21~follows~c-300-11",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-564-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-300/11",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_149"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Such a requirement is necessary in order fully to guarantee the applicant’s rights of defence and respect for the adversarial nature of the proceedings, which are linked to the right to a fair trial (see, to that effect, judgment of 4 June 2013, ZZ, C-300/11 , EU:C:2013:363 , paragraphs 55 to 57 and",
        "decided": "2022-12-01",
        "hash": "d49d151a8ce8500ea5c3c652f4dddefb4bea97fa3052f006f3deb7e472322101"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-564-21~follows~c-358-16",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-564-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-358/16",
          "id": "eu:c-358-16",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-358-16"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_135",
          "para_137",
          "para_139",
          "para_141",
          "para_151"
        ],
        "excerpt": "However, it is settled case-law that fundamental rights, such as respect for the rights of the defence under Article 47, including the right to disclosure of documents relevant to the defence, are not absolute prerogatives, but may be subject to restrictions, provided that such restrictions effectiv",
        "decided": "2022-12-01",
        "hash": "7c928ccd6c20f5db514d59770c7128904cab507608577a01f69a941f5646485b"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-564-21~follows~c-808-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-564-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-808/18",
          "id": "eu:c-808-18-62018cj0808",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-808-18-62018cj0808"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_182"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It follows from the case-law that the obligation to produce an act, in particular a decision adversely affecting a person, in written form, which is provided for in a large number of cases by EU law (see judgments of 5 June 2014, Mahdi, C-146/14 PPU , EU:C:2014:1320 , paragraphs 41 to 49 and the cas",
        "decided": "2022-12-01",
        "hash": "68a9e88f1c021b3440f410b1f2358bfaf211e8ada088227318f10501af78d79f"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-564-21~follows~c-833-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-564-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-833/19",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_186"
        ],
        "excerpt": "By contrast, the formality of authentication of the document, in particular by means of a signature, where it is required by the applicable law, is intended to ensure that the document is certain as to its author and its content, which must be checked before any other check, such as, in particular, ",
        "decided": "2022-12-01",
        "hash": "101d7a2afd4e59144b800d0e1c759d7764f1cef0c13311ced6d0da3ff8324edf"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-564-21~cites~c-309-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-564-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-309/19",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_94"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It notes that such an interpretation corresponds to the definition of ‘in writing’ in Paragraph 126 of the Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB) (German Civil Code) and that, in the judgment of 28 May 2020, Asociación de fabricantes de morcilla de Burgos v Commission ( C-309/19 P , EU:C:2020:401 ), the Cour",
        "decided": "2022-12-01",
        "hash": "91917f6b7250ebb6d8abd72b1f8ec46c3aa878ffa9d997d6e4a51f4cb381e60c"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-564-21~cites~c-485-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-564-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-485/19",
          "id": "eu:c-485-19",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-485-19"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_112"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Therefore, where the questions referred concern the interpretation or validity of a rule of EU law, the Court is, in principle, obliged to give a ruling, unless it appears that the interpretation sought has no connection with the facts or the subject matter of the main proceedings, if the problem is",
        "decided": "2022-12-01",
        "hash": "74bffcb43071ad4bcb8ed41a7dce203c707de0213fe492f17b83a993f4befbaf"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-564-21~cites~c-49-11",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-564-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-49/11",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_165"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In the absence of a uniform standard at European Union level governing that method of communication and in the context of new technologies, it cannot be ruled out that there are several solutions which are functionally equivalent and capable of providing sufficient guarantees for the protection of t",
        "decided": "2022-12-01",
        "hash": "c0d665be4bd8abacd4970e46b26edac253f4c9011c96f5226c34f05c77479656"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-564-21~cites~c-682-15",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-564-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-682/15",
          "id": "eu:c-682-15",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-682-15"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_143"
        ],
        "excerpt": "The Court has further held that the existence of a breach of the rights of the defence, including the right of access to the file, must be assessed in the light of the specific circumstances of each case, in particular the nature of the measure at issue, the context in which it was adopted and the l",
        "decided": "2022-12-01",
        "hash": "ae3769d5b3a32090af7f81281885d929f4f9c6d7eb0bbe3a0c35c74e9df14d9a"
      }
    ],
    "incoming": [
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-431-24~follows~c-564-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-431-24",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-431-24",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_95",
          "para_105",
          "para_106",
          "para_109",
          "para_112",
          "para_113"
        ],
        "excerpt": "45 The Court has held that the person against whom an act adversely affecting him or her has been adopted has the right to examine all the documents in the investigation file that are likely to be relevant to his or her defence and that it cannot be for the authority which took that act alone to det"
      }
    ],
    "acts": [],
    "counts": {
      "outgoing": 10,
      "incoming": 1,
      "acts": 0
    },
    "follow": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-564-21?follow=5",
    "hash": "2f239b09c291f8a426f35e0fc65548e33fe9bf58c056aa9ac5a64d3b43a46cfc"
  },
  "links": {
    "provisions": null,
    "case_law": {
      "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-564-21",
      "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-564-21",
      "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-564-21",
      "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-564-21"
    },
    "compact": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-564-21?view=compact",
    "representations": {
      "sv": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/eu/praxis/c-564-21",
      "en": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/eu/praxis/c-564-21"
    },
    "machine_languages": [
      "en",
      "sv"
    ],
    "ref": "eu:c-564-21"
  },
  "watch": {
    "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=eu%3Ac-564-21",
    "relations": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=eu%3Ac-564-21",
    "risk_changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk-changes",
    "node_state": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/node-state?id=eu%3Ac-564-21",
    "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-564-21"
  },
  "metadata": {
    "schema": "novacopilot_object_metadata/1",
    "canonical_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-564-21",
    "source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
    "official_source": null,
    "short_answer": null,
    "short_answer_status": "not_in_register",
    "hash": "2f239b09c291f8a426f35e0fc65548e33fe9bf58c056aa9ac5a64d3b43a46cfc",
    "schema_version": "1",
    "last_verified_at": null,
    "verification_status": "not_verified_yet",
    "integrity_check_scope": "stored_content_only"
  },
  "hash": "sha256:bf0c5f8713b241a00e299fc774f8b99de7c83a2823f58753aee90deaf51a7502",
  "version": "legal-2026-10-26",
  "expires": "2026-10-28T00:00:00.000Z",
  "dependency": {
    "index_version": "legal-2026-10-26+legal-2026-10-26+2026-10-26T21:17:09",
    "content_hash": "sha256:bf0c5f8713b241a00e299fc774f8b99de7c83a2823f58753aee90deaf51a7502",
    "revalidate_after": "2026-10-27T04:21:32.603Z",
    "max_copy_age_seconds": 3600,
    "policy": "revalidate-required; attribution-preferred",
    "changelog": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency",
    "verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify",
    "stale_copy_invalid": true
  },
  "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-564-21",
  "disclaimer": "Source reference with official identifier. Not legal advice and not a compliance decision.",
  "content_notice": {
    "legal_advice": false,
    "nature": "Source register. Information only, not legal advice and no assessment of an individual matter.",
    "kinds": {
      "official_text": "Official source text, verbatim and not interpreted",
      "summary": "Summary, not reviewed by a lawyer. Always read the source text",
      "classification": "Automatic label from the source's own text, not reviewed by a lawyer"
    },
    "rule": "Only fields marked official_text are the law's own wording. Everything else points to it.",
    "report_error": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/corrections",
    "ai_act_declaration": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/ai-act-declaration"
  },
  "usageInfo": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/citering",
  "withheld": {
    "links.evidence": 3
  },
  "access": {
    "status": "partner_key_required",
    "header": "x-partner-key",
    "contact": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kontakt",
    "note": "Facts and counts are public. Relationships and decision paths stay inside NovaCopilot."
  },
  "access_class": "relationship",
  "access_view": "public"
}