{"attribution":{"source":"legal.exploreworldai.com","canonical":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","cite_as":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548)","license":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision","version":"legal-2026-11-02","fingerprint":"ewai:se:1feb70","proof":"sha256:82ce8f106f32c3f4aaaad9e0fdb073255a8b8d7f3f88b0ce7d32f8d0b582bd3b","jurisdiction":"se","lang":"en","publisher":"NovaCopilot by ExploreWorld Legal","terms":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/om"},"brand_source":"Source: 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that regard, it should be recalled that, as recital 104 of Directive 2016/680 highlights, the limitations which, under that directive, can be placed on the right to the protection of personal data, provided for in Article 8 of the Charter, and on the right to respect for private and family life, ","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"49a02035089d0a4616ffd65c424fb916b33be20cf5b272482d7acacf163d7648"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~follows~c-148-23","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-148/23","id":"eu:c-148-23-62023cj0148","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-148-23-62023cj0148"},"paragraph_ids":["para_347"],"excerpt":"It should also be noted that such an interpretation is consistent with the principle of legal certainty, which, in accordance with the Court’s settled case-law, requires the application of rules of law to be foreseeable by those subject to them, in particular where they may have adverse consequences","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"6d077b4897c519c191f192fadaaed78e2d1bf8cd8841a665ddaf246f6306c6b7"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~follows~c-158-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-158/21","id":"eu:c-158-21","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-158-21"},"paragraph_ids":["para_274"],"excerpt":"So far as concerns, more specifically, the factual information referred to in paragraph 36 of this judgment, it should be borne in mind that, in preliminary ruling proceedings, the Court does not have the task of establishing the alleged facts but solely that of interpreting the relevant provisions ","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"d8cb649ee71ca31c3e2bf4acb9ffd1cc94bd7391a3c5811dfc3e0125659e1776"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~follows~c-205-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-205/21","id":"eu:c-205-21","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-205-21"},"paragraph_ids":["para_341","para_372","para_392","para_410","para_412"],"excerpt":"The latter provision lays down the principle of purpose limitation (see, to that effect, judgment of 26 January 2023, Ministerstvo na vatreshnite raboti (Recording of biometric and genetic data by the police), C-205/21 , EU:C:2023:49 , paragraph 122 ).","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"eafaf4de96199a269a2f7e6f9496777bc3a5ffab198bfbf17da572a66d276ffc"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~follows~c-333-22","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-333/22","id":"eu:c-333-22-62022cj0333","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-333-22-62022cj0333"},"paragraph_ids":["para_439","para_441"],"excerpt":"Although that right is not an absolute right and, in accordance with Article 52(1) of the Charter, limitations may be placed upon it, that is on condition that those limitations are provided for by law, they respect the essence of the rights and freedoms at issue and, in compliance with the principl","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"e6dbd6b071c7ace8ddf383e1d0761f1d0976e8a088fc0f057d3d047e81a261f3"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~follows~c-350-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-350/21","id":"eu:c-350-21","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-350-21"},"paragraph_ids":["para_443","para_445"],"excerpt":"That information is indeed necessary to enable those persons to exercise, inter alia, the right to a remedy expressly provided for in Article 54 of Directive 2016/680 (see, to that effect, judgment of 17 November 2022, Spetsializirana prokuratura (Retention of traffic and location data), C-350/21 , ","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"234908e55dd4e4fb671baadc051a349e90bdbdb9ff1fccc6da9f0959058dd1e9"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~follows~c-658-19","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-658/19","id":"eu:c-658-19","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-658-19"},"paragraph_ids":["para_360"],"excerpt":"As a preliminary point, it should be noted that, as is apparent from recitals 2 and 4 of Directive 2016/680, while establishing a strong and coherent framework for the protection of personal data in order to ensure respect for the fundamental right of protection of natural persons with regard to the","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"ce62937cb9e32717a89a834d25549bfc623f6e8ed265d33032ecf16bf671e789"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~follows~c-680-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-680/21","id":"eu:c-680-21","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-680-21"},"paragraph_ids":["para_318"],"excerpt":"Admittedly, in accordance with settled case-law, the information provided in the order for reference must not only be such as to enable the Court to reply usefully but must also give the governments of the Member States and other interested persons an opportunity to submit observations pursuant to A","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"ca5c9b5df277460505f4b7b2c811a1a65f166738a62f505732f26ed47e820ce9"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~follows~c-753-22","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-753/22","id":"eu:c-753-22-62022cj0753","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-753-22-62022cj0753"},"paragraph_ids":["para_274"],"excerpt":"According to the case-law of the Court, questions on the interpretation of EU law are referred by a national court in the factual and legislative context which that court is responsible for defining, the accuracy of which is not a matter for the Court to determine (see, to that effect, judgment of 1","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"1d9bac76b020556130cfb7e8b02f2f5bd005efc631cf273a3656cd10c7a17ce1"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-107-23","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-107/23","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_285","para_287","para_328"],"excerpt":"Consequently, where the questions submitted by the national court concern the interpretation of EU law, the Court is, in principle, bound to give a ruling (judgment of 24 July 2023, Lin, C-107/23 PPU , EU:C:2023:606 , paragraph 61 and the case-law cited).","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"dee050f57417c29d70d5ed9669fd936ab4efe57564cf3cdc31dedbb4717726e0"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-175-20","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-175/20","id":"eu:c-175-20-62020cj0175","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-175-20-62020cj0175"},"paragraph_ids":["para_337"],"excerpt":"That interpretation is supported by the non-exhaustive nature, expressed by the expression ‘such as’, of the list of operations mentioned in that provision (see, by analogy, judgment of 24 February 2022, Valsts ieņēmumu dienests (Processing of personal data for tax purposes), C-175/20 , EU:C:2022:12","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"40404cad01cb0511ebc5577277e5c39e911da2d559ef1eee1031ec72cd1db227"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-204-21","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-204/21","id":"eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204"},"paragraph_ids":["para_384"],"excerpt":"Last, it cannot be ruled out that the data contained in a mobile telephone may include particularly sensitive data, such as personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions and religious or philosophical beliefs, such sensitivity justifying the specific protection afforded to them","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"9b9d0b096072375fcb825776f16d8e82a4b779b7619e3861f39f9d49d96874c0"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-207-16","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-207/16","id":"eu:c-207-16","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-207-16"},"paragraph_ids":["para_236"],"excerpt":"In the light of the foregoing, the referring court asks, in the first place, whether, in the light of paragraphs 52 to 61 of the judgment of 2 October 2018, Ministerio Fiscal ( C-207/16 , EU:C:2018:788 ), and the case-law cited therein, Article 15(1) of Directive 2002/58, read in the light of Articl","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"28923161f503561af43af30a9a05b1f680a14f34aa8c99b9a2908a0d6489ae66"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-267-20","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-267/20","id":"eu:c-267-20","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-267-20"},"paragraph_ids":["para_316"],"excerpt":"In that regard, it is for the Court to extract from all the information provided by the national court, in particular from the grounds of the decision referring the questions, the points of EU law which require interpretation, having regard to the subject matter of the dispute (judgment of 22 June 2","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"7a793d4315daf24d37ba6e0ccccd2aa1a98790b5716d69d055994b1ac554ad48"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-287-22","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-287/22","id":"eu:c-287-22","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-287-22"},"paragraph_ids":["para_299"],"excerpt":"In the second place, so far as concerns the arguments alleging that the provisions of Austrian law referred to in the second and third questions referred are not relevant and that the referring court should have found an infringement of that law, it should be recalled that it is not for the Court to","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"068622c5a8fedb69c29f223f029a6204ac82ba6bd7ee7ef1fc3963cd5b6edffd"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-333-21","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-333/21","id":"eu:c-333-21","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-333-21"},"paragraph_ids":["para_289"],"excerpt":"Furthermore, it is essential, as stated in Article 94(c) of the Rules of Procedure, that the request for a preliminary ruling itself contain a statement of the reasons which prompted the referring court or tribunal to enquire about the interpretation or validity of certain provisions of EU law, and ","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"8e34716e01c848ace29d9498bbf34c56bb1c62542b89d7b19a9aa432028d7aed"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-336-22","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-336/22","id":"eu:c-336-22","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-336-22"},"paragraph_ids":["para_268"],"excerpt":"Consequently, a party’s disagreement with the Opinion of the Advocate General, irrespective of the questions that he or she examines in the Opinion, cannot in itself constitute grounds justifying the reopening of the oral part of the procedure (judgment of 14 March 2024, f6 Cigarettenfabrik, C-336/2","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"5a11a62135663c5ef1bcad66a0df6e79c4fc5194be9e357ca77668ba96edce6a"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-352-22","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-352/22","id":"eu:c-352-22-62022cj0352","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-352-22-62022cj0352"},"paragraph_ids":["para_314"],"excerpt":"The Court may also find it necessary to consider provisions of EU law which the national court has not referred to in its questions (judgments of 15 July 2021, Ministrstvo za obrambo, C-742/19 , EU:C:2021:597 , paragraph 31 and the case-law cited, and of 18 June 2024, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Hamm ","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"96508a1d9d7ace58e1997efa429f73641c93a4c9f566472fbf32301522aeeb9e"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-511-18","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-511/18","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_308"],"excerpt":"In that regard, it should be recalled that the Court has held, relying in particular on Article 1(1) and (3) and Article 3 of Directive 2002/58, that, where the Member States directly implement measures that derogate from the rule that electronic communications are to be confidential, without imposi","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"f9dcb900762993423853428bc039f7a709ac4960cff49740ca367ed4d97c4680"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-512-18","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-512/18","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_308"],"excerpt":"In that regard, it should be recalled that the Court has held, relying in particular on Article 1(1) and (3) and Article 3 of Directive 2002/58, that, where the Member States directly implement measures that derogate from the rule that electronic communications are to be confidential, without imposi","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"29e48e7a4e2d70b81ea2bdcaaf0d31d55a8e5433eceaf7c1c1a8594755cb0989"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-520-18","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-520/18","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_308"],"excerpt":"In that regard, it should be recalled that the Court has held, relying in particular on Article 1(1) and (3) and Article 3 of Directive 2002/58, that, where the Member States directly implement measures that derogate from the rule that electronic communications are to be confidential, without imposi","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"03a9325d2cd5c6cd457713923183a0a0888fcf0bc1cd06b43f2dbe22aa08f002"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-623-17","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-623/17","id":"eu:c-623-17-62017cj0623","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-623-17-62017cj0623"},"paragraph_ids":["para_308"],"excerpt":"In that regard, it should be recalled that the Court has held, relying in particular on Article 1(1) and (3) and Article 3 of Directive 2002/58, that, where the Member States directly implement measures that derogate from the rule that electronic communications are to be confidential, without imposi","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"78c7cd8d37d4bec5562f6632f8ce84184cc0200c9c495ec330a296c83765e4d6"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-742-19","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-742/19","id":"eu:c-742-19-62019cj0742","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-742-19-62019cj0742"},"paragraph_ids":["para_314"],"excerpt":"The Court may also find it necessary to consider provisions of EU law which the national court has not referred to in its questions (judgments of 15 July 2021, Ministrstvo za obrambo, C-742/19 , EU:C:2021:597 , paragraph 31 and the case-law cited, and of 18 June 2024, Generalstaatsanwaltschaft Hamm ","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"87c52cfca711791ecd93c33e8c9b58cf0af3bec040607576e9f692d58404807e"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548~cites~c-746-18","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548","to":{"ref":"C-746/18","id":"eu:c-746-18","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-746-18"},"paragraph_ids":["para_240"],"excerpt":"In the second place, after recalling the lessons to be drawn from paragraphs 48 to 54 of the judgment of 2 March 2021, Prokuratuur (Conditions of access to data relating to electronic communications) ( C-746/18 , EU:C:2021:152 ), and the case-law cited therein, the referring court asks whether Artic","decided":"2024-10-04","hash":"448b45e2766790a4d03da8c93109bc923a8daea5ce3c4442a68f94da94f8eb0f"}],"incoming":[{"edge_id":"edge:eu:62023cj0258~follows~c-548-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:62023cj0258","from_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62023cj0258","paragraph_ids":["para_169","para_206","para_207","para_227","para_231","para_246","para_247","para_248","para_249"],"excerpt":"100 Third, as regards the proportionality of the limitation on the exercise of the rights enshrined in Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter resulting from the seizure of the emails, it must be assessed in the context in which such a limitation occurs, by weighing, in each case, all the relevant factors o"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:62023cj0764~cites~c-548-21","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:62023cj0764","from_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62023cj0764","paragraph_ids":["para_242"],"excerpt":"In addition, it is essential, as Article 94(c) states, that the reference for a preliminary ruling should contain a statement of the reasons which prompted the referring court or tribunal to inquire about the interpretation or validity of certain provisions of EU law, and the relationship between th"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-198-24-62024cj0198~follows~c-548-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:c-198-24-62024cj0198","from_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-198-24-62024cj0198","paragraph_ids":["para_73"],"excerpt":"According to settled case-law, questions on the interpretation of EU law are referred by a national court in the factual and legislative context which that court is responsible for defining, the accuracy of which is not a matter for the Court to determine (see to that effect, judgment of 4 October 2"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-199-24-62024cj0199~follows~c-548-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:c-199-24-62024cj0199","from_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-199-24-62024cj0199","paragraph_ids":["para_91"],"excerpt":"41 It is settled case-law that, in accordance with the principle of proportionality, achieving such a fair balance presupposes that the function of the fundamental rights at issue in society must be taken into account (judgments of 2 March 2023, Norra Stockholm Bygg , C-268/21, EU:C:2023:145, paragr"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-233-23-62023cj0233~cites~c-548-21","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-233-23-62023cj0233","from_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-233-23-62023cj0233","paragraph_ids":["para_110","para_112"],"excerpt":"Consequently, where the questions submitted by the national court concern the interpretation of EU law, the Court is, in principle, bound to give a ruling (judgment of 4 October 2024, Bezirkshauptmannschaft Landeck (Attempt to access personal data stored on a mobile telephone), C-548/21 , EU:C:2024:"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-239-24~follows~c-548-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:c-239-24","from_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-239-24","paragraph_ids":["para_143"],"excerpt":"Since it is not obvious that the interpretation of Directive 2012/29 bears no relation to the facts of the dispute in the main proceedings or its purpose, the objection alleging the inapplicability of that directive does not concern the admissibility of the request for a preliminary ruling but the s"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-312-24~cites~c-548-21","type":"cites","label_sv":"hänvisar till","from":"eu:c-312-24","from_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-312-24","paragraph_ids":["para_290"],"excerpt":"Furthermore, it must be recalled that it is not for the Court to rule on 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t"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-453-23~follows~c-548-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:c-453-23","from_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-453-23","paragraph_ids":["para_128","para_130","para_155","para_157"],"excerpt":"The Court may refuse to rule on a question referred by a national court for a preliminary ruling only where it is quite obvious that the interpretation of EU law that is sought bears no relation to the actual facts of the main action or its purpose, where the problem is hypothetical, or where the Co"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:c-474-24~follows~c-548-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:c-474-24","from_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-474-24","paragraph_ids":["para_275"],"excerpt":"131 Furthermore, it must be borne in mind that, as regards Article 3(2) of Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons 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