{
  "attribution": {
    "source": "legal.exploreworldai.com",
    "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-437-25",
    "cite_as": "NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-437-25)",
    "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision",
    "version": "legal-2026-10-06",
    "fingerprint": "ewai:se:2ebf61",
    "proof": "sha256:c0590df70874aca89c85488483eecb258700999825d192c92169ef397dabea81",
    "jurisdiction": "se",
    "lang": "en",
    "publisher": "NovaCopilot by ExploreWorld Legal",
    "terms": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/om"
  },
  "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
  "brand": {
    "product": "NovaCopilot",
    "platform": "ExploreWorldAI",
    "infrastructure": "ExploreWorld Legal",
    "infrastructure_url": "legal.exploreworldai.com",
    "legal_entity": "Valkiv Ventures AB",
    "permanent_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/novacopilot",
    "source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
    "powered_by": "Powered by NovaCopilot",
    "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/licensvillkor",
    "contact": "stig@valkiv.com"
  },
  "object_type": "edge",
  "object_id": "edge:eu:c-437-25",
  "schema_version": "1",
  "schema": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/edge",
  "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-437-25",
  "judgment": {
    "id": "eu:c-437-25",
    "text": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=eu:c-437-25"
  },
  "siblings": {
    "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/eu:c-437-25",
    "relation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/eu:c-437-25",
    "change": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/eu:c-437-25",
    "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/eu:c-437-25",
    "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-437-25",
    "status": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/eu:c-437-25",
    "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-437-25",
    "element": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/eu:c-437-25",
    "decision": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-437-25",
    "obligation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/obligation/eu:c-437-25",
    "sanction": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/sanction/eu:c-437-25",
    "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-437-25",
    "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-437-25",
    "outcome": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/outcome/eu:c-437-25",
    "provision_link": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provision_link/eu:c-437-25",
    "brief": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/brief/eu:c-437-25",
    "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-437-25",
    "outcome_pattern": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/outcome_pattern/eu:c-437-25",
    "risk_chain": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk_chain/eu:c-437-25",
    "compliance_effect": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/compliance_effect/eu:c-437-25",
    "answer_node": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/answer_node/eu:c-437-25",
    "exception": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/exception/eu:c-437-25",
    "timeline": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/timeline/eu:c-437-25",
    "package": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/package/eu:c-437-25"
  },
  "source": "NovaCopilot",
  "precedent_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/eu:c-437-25",
  "item": {
    "judgment": "eu:c-437-25",
    "outgoing": [
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-437-25~distinguishes~c-497-15",
        "type": "distinguishes",
        "label_sv": "särskiljer",
        "from": "eu:c-437-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-497/15",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_111"
        ],
        "excerpt": "That inability to effectively monitor compliance occurs from the moment a driver card belonging to another person is used, which distinguishes such an infringement from those at issue in the cases giving rise to the judgments of 22 March 2017, Euro-Team and Spirál-Gép (C-497/15 and C-498/15, EU:C:20",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "71bc11f1abb01587400257d380429f0ffd9716e72bf21ddfb4e854186e999592"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-437-25~distinguishes~c-498-15",
        "type": "distinguishes",
        "label_sv": "särskiljer",
        "from": "eu:c-437-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-498/15",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_111"
        ],
        "excerpt": "That inability to effectively monitor compliance occurs from the moment a driver card belonging to another person is used, which distinguishes such an infringement from those at issue in the cases giving rise to the judgments of 22 March 2017, Euro-Team and Spirál-Gép (C-497/15 and C-498/15, EU:C:20",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "46f673532af2cf569bff804c8cd847c7618af7b1baee800ec3a84c9b65cc4712"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-437-25~distinguishes~c-61-23",
        "type": "distinguishes",
        "label_sv": "särskiljer",
        "from": "eu:c-437-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-61/23",
          "id": "eu:c-61-23-62023cj0061",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-61-23-62023cj0061"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_100",
          "para_101",
          "para_102",
          "para_111"
        ],
        "excerpt": "That inability to effectively monitor compliance occurs from the moment a driver card belonging to another person is used, which distinguishes such an infringement from those at issue in the cases giving rise to the judgments of 22 March 2017, Euro-Team and Spirál-Gép (C-497/15 and C-498/15, EU:C:20",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "33b87fd3b4a3fd7e369eb9d726b6237923bd56a20d01993e1cd6540ea9937085"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-437-25~follows~c-107-23",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-437-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-107/23",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_89"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It follows that those provisions are manifestly inapplicable to the dispute at issue in the main proceedings with the result that the first question is inadmissible in so far as it concerns the interpretation of those provisions (see, to that effect, judgment of 24 July 2023, Lin , C-107/23 PPU, EU:",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "cfb4c4a9dce5546726a40ac6ed8bbab1a2e187a7422cd7fe9c03d8f70b0c4ff9"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-437-25~follows~c-590-24",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-437-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-590/24",
          "id": "eu:c-590-24",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-590-24"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_101",
          "para_106"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Accordingly, the punitive measures permitted under national legislation must not go beyond the limits of what is necessary to attain the objectives legitimately pursued by that legislation (see, to that effect, judgments of 21 November 2024, Ekostroy , C-61/23, EU:C:2024:974, paragraph 45, and of 22",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "cd6c6e15f7ae317e87476848309a72ea88bcb4e574c86b73891046b328870c44"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-437-25~follows~c-665-24",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-437-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-665/24",
          "id": "eu:c-665-24",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-665-24"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_100"
        ],
        "excerpt": "They must, however, exercise that power in accordance with EU law and its general principles, and, consequently, in accordance with the principle of proportionality (judgments of 21 November 2024, Ekostroy , C-61/23, EU:C:2024:974, paragraph 41, and of 11 December 2025, Staatssecretaris Jeugd, Preve",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "4a85d6d954f78a923006f4274e087b528656c8795fc7dd37fd9254bdb978a222"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-437-25~follows~c-96-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-437-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-96/19",
          "id": "eu:c-96-19",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-96-19"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_110"
        ],
        "excerpt": "45 Such an interpretation is supported by the objectives of road safety and improvement of drivers’ working conditions pursued by Regulation No 165/2014 (see, to that effect, judgment of 7 May 2020, Bezirkshauptmannschaft Tulln (Attestation concerning non-driving days) , C-96/19, EU:C:2020:353, para",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "9ef602cc4c44d9bfa4721aa8350d982326aae6c2afe7b4e0925e0825ff5e2bc2"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-437-25~cites~c-197-10",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-437-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-197/10",
          "id": "eu:c-197-10",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-197-10"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_92"
        ],
        "excerpt": "28 Secondly, as regards the second part of the second question, it must be borne in mind that the Court’s function in preliminary rulings is to assist in the administration of justice in the Member States and not to deliver advisory opinions on general or hypothetical questions (see, inter alia, jud",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "8a369999c96c0be5798e27c8580d0e4ccf646b5be1bd3994dce8f3051255ed93"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-437-25~cites~c-670-22",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-437-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-670/22",
          "id": "eu:c-670-22-62022cj0670",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-670-22-62022cj0670"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_95"
        ],
        "excerpt": "(EncroChat) , C-670/22, EU:C:2024:372, paragraph 78 and the case-law cited).",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "6ad5a248f374ca2bb7a6167ad7d8999d65e307141f10a6bea406e3ada0cae4a7"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-437-25~cites~c-8-24",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-437-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-8/24",
          "id": "eu:c-8-24",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-8-24"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_87"
        ],
        "excerpt": "The Court may refuse to rule on a question referred by a national court only where it is quite obvious that the interpretation of EU law that is sought bears no relation to the actual facts of the main action or its purpose, where the problem is hypothetical, or where the Court does not have before ",
        "decided": "2026-09-17",
        "hash": "4e795b3f79ba3b62b7a7666db4051a5ae8ed45d6779c94272723836774ffb20b"
      }
    ],
    "incoming": [],
    "acts": [],
    "counts": {
      "outgoing": 10,
      "incoming": 0,
      "acts": 0
    },
    "follow": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-437-25?follow=5",
    "hash": "4e26107d91ec441c9aa8a3149d8d853eaf475beff2bff9b8170b922a9432a387"
  },
  "links": {
    "provisions": null,
    "case_law": {
      "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-437-25",
      "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-437-25",
      "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-437-25",
      "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-437-25"
    },
    "evidence": {
      "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-437-25",
      "chain_verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/changes/verify",
      "object_changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/objects/changes"
    },
    "compact": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-437-25?view=compact",
    "representations": {
      "sv": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/eu/praxis/c-437-25",
      "en": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/eu/praxis/c-437-25"
    },
    "machine_languages": [
      "en",
      "sv"
    ],
    "ref": "eu:c-437-25"
  },
  "watch": {
    "changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/changes",
    "whats_new": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/whats-new?jurisdiction=eu",
    "conditional": "Send If-None-Match with the ETag; unchanged objects return 304 without body.",
    "recheck_after_seconds": 86400
  },
  "hash": "sha256:c0590df70874aca89c85488483eecb258700999825d192c92169ef397dabea81",
  "version": "legal-2026-10-06",
  "expires": "2026-10-07T00:00:00.000Z",
  "dependency": {
    "index_version": "legal-2026-10-06+legal-2026-10-06+2026-10-06T10:01:23",
    "content_hash": "sha256:c0590df70874aca89c85488483eecb258700999825d192c92169ef397dabea81",
    "revalidate_after": "2026-10-06T11:06:39.468Z",
    "max_copy_age_seconds": 3600,
    "policy": "revalidate-required; attribution-preferred",
    "changelog": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency",
    "verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify",
    "stale_copy_invalid": true
  },
  "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-437-25",
  "disclaimer": "Source reference with official identifier. Not legal advice and not a compliance decision.",
  "content_notice": {
    "legal_advice": false,
    "nature": "Source register. Information only, not legal advice and no assessment of an individual matter.",
    "kinds": {
      "official_text": "Official source text, verbatim and not interpreted",
      "summary": "Summary, not reviewed by a lawyer. Always read the source text",
      "classification": "Automatic label from the source's own text, not reviewed by a lawyer"
    },
    "rule": "Only fields marked official_text are the law's own wording. Everything else points to it.",
    "report_error": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/corrections",
    "ai_act_declaration": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/ai-act-declaration"
  },
  "usageInfo": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/citering"
}