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        "excerpt": "The interpretation which the Court gives to a rule of EU law, in the exercise of the jurisdiction conferred on it by Article 267 TFEU, may and must be applied to legal relationships which arose and were established before the judgment ruling on the request for a preliminary ruling where, in other re",
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        "excerpt": "27 As regards the argument of ***X*** that an examination of its own motion of the classification of the exemption at issue as ‘State aid’ would call into question the exclusive competences of the European Commission concerning State aid, it should be noted that those competences relate solely to th",
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        "excerpt": "All the undertakings providing services to undertakings primarily carrying out transactions relating to the banking, insurance or pension fund sector and which do not benefit from the exemption at issue, whether they are established in Austria or in other Member States, have less chance of providing",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
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        "excerpt": "50 Furthermore, in accordance with the case-law and in order to respond to the Austrian Government’s argument that the exemption at issue offsets specific charges due to the structural disadvantages imposed on some of the undertakings concerned, it must be borne in mind that the fact that a Member S",
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        "excerpt": "According to settled case-law, an advantage granted to an undertaking operating in a competitive sector may serve to determine that the measure has a real or potential effect on competition (see, to that effect, judgment of 10 January 2006, Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze and Others , C-222/04, EU:C:2",
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        "excerpt": "38 First, as regards the State origin of the exemption at issue, it should be noted that that exemption does not fall within any of the exemptions exhaustively provided for by the VAT Directive and which must be interpreted strictly (see, to that effect, judgment of 2 July 2020, Blackrock Investment",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
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        "excerpt": "As for the alleged lack of details provided by the referring court to enable the assessment of some of the conditions required for a measure to be classified as ‘State aid’, it should be recalled that where the description of the factual and legal context does indeed appear inadequate in some respec",
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        "excerpt": "Furthermore, it should be recalled that, in the context of the procedure established in Article 267 TFEU, the national court defines the legislative context under its responsibility and it is not a matter for this Court to determine the accuracy thereof (see, to that effect, judgment of 15 May 2003,",
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        "excerpt": "67 In any event, and without prejudice to the competences of the Commission concerning State aid, tax periods which have been definitively closed should not be reopened in national court proceedings following the present judgment (see, to that effect, judgment of 21 September 2017, DNB Banka , C-326",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "It must be added that the involvement of national courts is the result of the direct effect of the prohibition on implementation laid down in the last sentence of Article 108(3) TFEU, which extends, inter alia, to all aid which has been implemented without being notified to the Commission (see, to t",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "A tax exemption established by a Member State is imputable to the European Union, and not to that State, only if it merely reproduces a clear and precise obligation laid down in a directive (see, to that effect, judgment of 23 April 2009, Puffer , C-460/07, EU:C:2009:254, paragraph 70), which is not",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
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          "id": null,
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        "excerpt": "Indeed, Article 135 of the VAT Directive, which provides for the only exemption allowed to undertakings in the banking, insurance and pension fund sectors (see, to that effect, judgment of 13 March 2014, ATP PensionService , C-464/12, EU:C:2014:139, paragraph 59), refers only to certain transactions",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
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        "excerpt": "40 As regards the condition relating to the granting of the exemption at issue through State resources, which must also be satisfied in order to be classified as ‘State aid’ (see, to that effect, judgment of 16 May 2002, France v Commission , C-482/99, EU:C:2002:294, paragraph 24 and the case-law ci",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "58 Thirdly, as regards the condition that the measure concerned must distort or threaten to distort competition, it is necessary, in accordance with the wording of Article 107(1) TFEU, not to establish an actual distortion of competition, but only to examine whether that measure is liable to distort",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
        "hash": "bc8f1f03ca515229d96d5e7808de287f6394ff85c04ea6e4aec392edb62d5d82"
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          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Consequently, a measure by which the public authorities grant certain undertakings a tax exemption which, although not involving the transfer of State resources, places the recipients of the exemption in a more favourable financial position than that of other taxpayers amounts to State aid, within t",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
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          "ref": "C-80/08",
          "id": null,
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        "excerpt": "Consequently, a measure by which the public authorities grant certain undertakings a tax exemption which, although not involving the transfer of State resources, places the recipients of the exemption in a more favourable financial position than that of other taxpayers amounts to State aid, within t",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "45 Secondly, so far as concerns the advantage which the application of the exemption at issue would procure and the selective nature of that advantage, it must be recalled that the criterion of advantage is understood broadly by the case-law, as including all measures which, whatever their form, are",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
        "hash": "f41cd4db45549be25aa83344623797bebf61dbbda4ba8d69c1384155936c54d3"
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
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          "ref": "C-203/11",
          "id": null,
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        "excerpt": "45 Secondly, so far as concerns the advantage which the application of the exemption at issue would procure and the selective nature of that advantage, it must be recalled that the criterion of advantage is understood broadly by the case-law, as including all measures which, whatever their form, are",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
        "hash": "7d11643fbe2c86679d31b51f50bc292506094401ee64c357eaec385c99c8ba62"
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        "to": {
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          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "It is at the stage of the possible recovery of the aid granted on the basis of that aid scheme that the Commission is required to determine whether that scheme has actually conferred an advantage on its beneficiaries taken individually, since such recovery requires the exact amount of aid actually e",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
        "hash": "49a224c49133141c8a090cb1954f1952f83f6af42d5376af84bd7e9ffabbd977"
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        "to": {
          "ref": "C-42/13",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "28 Similarly, in so far as, first, it is for the national court alone to define the factual parameters of the dispute which gave rise to its questions and it is not the task of the Court of Justice to give a ruling on that court’s assessment of the facts (judgment of 6 November 2014, Cartiera dell’A",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
        "hash": "e221ed5b827cc1a87b88c98ec162346684af5dc6a1ec52078e090cd809f8e529"
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        "from": "eu:c-360-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-439/19",
          "id": "eu:c-439-19",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-439-19"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Two essential criteria must be fulfilled before such a limitation can be imposed, namely that those concerned should have acted in good faith and that there should be a risk of serious difficulties, with those criteria being cumulative (judgment of 22 June 2021, Latvijas Republikas Saeima (Penalty p",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
        "hash": "9942dd4fdbacea73abb22437be55dfdaf852b3991d10487708b00d85d2152572"
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        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-360-25~cites~c-453-23",
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-360-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-453/23",
          "id": "eu:c-453-23",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-453-23"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        ],
        "excerpt": "The concept of ‘State aid’ does not, however, cover measures that differentiate between undertakings which, in the light of the objective pursued by the legal regime concerned, are in a comparable factual and legal situation, and that are, therefore, a priori selective, where the Member State concer",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
        "hash": "1efcf30f87b994c7acec480b7d9054d9ef27efe0fb30a238b94aae30f4214c11"
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        "from": "eu:c-360-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-460/24",
          "id": "eu:c-460-24-62024co0460",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-460-24-62024co0460"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "20 The present request for a preliminary ruling follows a first request for a preliminary ruling, made on 28 June 2024 and declared manifestly inadmissible by order of 5 May 2025, Schoger (C-460/24, EU:C:2025:346), on the ground that it did not meet the requirements laid down in Article 94(a) and (c",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
        "hash": "67266c5508a96408244a72f4fd7bc05eb61cd5f137c2f8b75f22820500d235c8"
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        "to": {
          "ref": "C-50/21",
          "id": "eu:c-50-21",
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        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Secondly, and in any event, the existence of State resources is interpreted as including cases where there is a sufficiently concrete economic risk of burdens being imposed on the State budget (judgment of 8 June 2023, Prestige and Limousine , C-50/21, EU:C:2023:448, paragraph 54 and the case-law ci",
        "decided": "2026-07-09",
        "hash": "3bbb8ae09be7698a77cc1c9e6b648ec2dae529393dbf82169efbb61505053fc4"
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