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        "excerpt": "131 Next, it must be stated that, in view of the objective pursued by Directive 2004/48, which is that the Member States should ensure, especially in the information society, effective protection of intellectual property (see, to that effect, Case C-275/06 Promusicae [2008] ECR I-271, paragraph 43),",
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        "excerpt": "137 Moreover, in view of the fact, stated in the order for reference and referred to at paragraph 24 of this judgment, that the United Kingdom has not adopted specific rules to implement the third sentence of Article 11 of Directive 2004/48, the referring court will, when applying national law, be r",
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        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Case C-324/08 Makro Zelfbedieningsgroothandel and Others [2009] ECR I-10019, paragraph 21, and Case C-127/09 Coty Prestige Lancaster Group [2010] ECR I-0000, paragraphs 28 and 46).",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
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          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "64 It must, however, be made clear that the mere fact that a website is accessible from the territory covered by the trade mark is not a sufficient basis for concluding that the offers for sale displayed there are targeted at consumers in that territory (see, by analogy, Joined Cases C-585/08 and C-",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
        "hash": "65e9bdc21e3e6b347cd8a07acb7a464c72c31c3634850b3f149c719e9a9c4406"
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          "ref": "C-145/08",
          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Joined Cases C-222/05 to C-225/05 van der Weerd and Others [2007] ECR I-4233, paragraph 28, and Joined Cases C-145/08 and C-149/08 Club Hotel Loutraki and Others [2010] ECR I-0000, paragraph 74).",
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-149/08",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
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        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_329"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Joined Cases C-222/05 to C-225/05 van der Weerd and Others [2007] ECR I-4233, paragraph 28, and Joined Cases C-145/08 and C-149/08 Club Hotel Loutraki and Others [2010] ECR I-0000, paragraph 74).",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "59 The rule set out in Article 5 of Directive 89/104 and Article 9 of Regulation No 40/94 confers on the proprietor of a trade mark exclusive rights entitling him to prevent any third party from importing goods bearing that mark, offering the goods, or putting them on the market or stocking them for",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
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        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
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          "id": "eu:c-206-01",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "80 In the second place, a trade mark, the essential function of which is to provide the consumer with an assurance as to the identity of the product’s origin, serves in particular to guarantee that all the goods bearing the mark have been manufactured or supplied under the control of a single undert",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-222/05",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
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        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_329"
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        "excerpt": "Joined Cases C-222/05 to C-225/05 van der Weerd and Others [2007] ECR I-4233, paragraph 28, and Joined Cases C-145/08 and C-149/08 Club Hotel Loutraki and Others [2010] ECR I-0000, paragraph 74).",
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-225/05",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_329"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Joined Cases C-222/05 to C-225/05 van der Weerd and Others [2007] ECR I-4233, paragraph 28, and Joined Cases C-145/08 and C-149/08 Club Hotel Loutraki and Others [2010] ECR I-0000, paragraph 74).",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
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        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
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          "ref": "C-236/08",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "87 With regard to internet advertising on the basis of keywords corresponding to trade marks, the Court has already held that a keyword is the means used by an advertiser to trigger the display of his advertisement and is therefore use ‘in the course of trade’ within the meaning of Article 5(1) of D",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
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        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-238/08",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "87 With regard to internet advertising on the basis of keywords corresponding to trade marks, the Court has already held that a keyword is the means used by an advertiser to trigger the display of his advertisement and is therefore use ‘in the course of trade’ within the meaning of Article 5(1) of D",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
        "hash": "b3c2acb389ecc39e1a11cdb8070481ab068ec4476d96f2c4f9091c98fdc38929"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Indeed, for the proprietor of a trade mark to be entitled to prevent a third party from using a sign identical with or similar to his trade mark, the use must take place in the course of trade (see, inter alia, Case C-245/02 Anheuser-Busch [2004] ECR I-10989, paragraph 62, and Case C-487/07 L’Oréal ",
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-278/08",
          "id": "eu:c-278-08",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-278-08"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_269"
        ],
        "excerpt": "87 With regard to internet advertising on the basis of keywords corresponding to trade marks, the Court has already held that a keyword is the means used by an advertiser to trigger the display of his advertisement and is therefore use ‘in the course of trade’ within the meaning of Article 5(1) of D",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
        "hash": "71e6b48d83a591d63bd88da675062c3bbb0af68daad8bf5e7a33ee4a5697904c"
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-324-09~cites~c-298-07",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-298/07",
          "id": "eu:c-298-07",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-298-07"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_298"
        ],
        "excerpt": "That provision must, in fact, be interpreted in the light not only of its wording but also of the context in which it occurs and the objectives pursued by the rules of which it is part (see, by analogy, Case C-298/07 Bundesverband der Verbraucherzentralen und Verbraucherverbände [2008] ECR I-7841, p",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
        "hash": "0b021a548a15dd75e88d7db1f0aeb14436bd931491e947a31a1f70bedb27300e"
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-324-09~cites~c-324-08",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-324/08",
          "id": "eu:c-324-08",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-324-08"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_238"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Case C-324/08 Makro Zelfbedieningsgroothandel and Others [2009] ECR I-10019, paragraph 21, and Case C-127/09 Coty Prestige Lancaster Group [2010] ECR I-0000, paragraphs 28 and 46).",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
        "hash": "cb5638848296bc05353b5f1992edc400cc4d52e05b757d1ee9e20c30c93fad21"
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-324-09~cites~c-378-07",
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-378/07",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_330"
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        "excerpt": "137 Moreover, in view of the fact, stated in the order for reference and referred to at paragraph 24 of this judgment, that the United Kingdom has not adopted specific rules to implement the third sentence of Article 11 of Directive 2004/48, the referring court will, when applying national law, be r",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
        "hash": "9e0de4a49bf8afa5b70e04c34ae31fdeea89ede6f3300219c6bf0227667cc802"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-324-09~cites~c-380-07",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-380/07",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_330"
        ],
        "excerpt": "137 Moreover, in view of the fact, stated in the order for reference and referred to at paragraph 24 of this judgment, that the United Kingdom has not adopted specific rules to implement the third sentence of Article 11 of Directive 2004/48, the referring court will, when applying national law, be r",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
        "hash": "f0a1514d4a6ef6b65f152828c5f7b6f62643e0a7681492d82c2c7946e1cedd34"
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-414/99",
          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "In that regard, the Court has repeatedly held that it is essential that the proprietor of a trade mark registered in a Member State can control the first placing of goods bearing that trade mark on the market in the EEA (see, inter alia, Joined Cases C-414/99 to C-416/99 Zino Davidoff and Levi Strau",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
        "hash": "cfeabdbf117b7eb4542f7fb37556a7974098b9bbdda8a647a6153d4bc4644652"
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      {
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-416/99",
          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_239"
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        "excerpt": "In that regard, the Court has repeatedly held that it is essential that the proprietor of a trade mark registered in a Member State can control the first placing of goods bearing that trade mark on the market in the EEA (see, inter alia, Joined Cases C-414/99 to C-416/99 Zino Davidoff and Levi Strau",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
        "hash": "a03e2de88dd2172183b2db292098079439fcb1a6e1c7f5e37899c7077aa74bb7"
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      {
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
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          "id": "eu:61993cj0430",
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        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_329"
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        "excerpt": "136 Those rules of national law must, however, be designed in such a way that the objective pursued by the directive may be achieved (see, inter alia, in relation to the principle of effectiveness, Joined Cases C-430/93 and C-431/93 Van Schijndel and van Veen [1995] ECR I-4705, paragraph 17;",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
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        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "136 Those rules of national law must, however, be designed in such a way that the objective pursued by the directive may be achieved (see, inter alia, in relation to the principle of effectiveness, Joined Cases C-430/93 and C-431/93 Van Schijndel and van Veen [1995] ECR I-4705, paragraph 17;",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
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          "ref": "C-487/07",
          "id": "eu:c-487-07",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-487-07"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_232"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Indeed, for the proprietor of a trade mark to be entitled to prevent a third party from using a sign identical with or similar to his trade mark, the use must take place in the course of trade (see, inter alia, Case C-245/02 Anheuser-Busch [2004] ECR I-10989, paragraph 62, and Case C-487/07 L’Oréal ",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
        "hash": "36087bea991071d2a9c5f4ffc0e66590cb794baa2d27deef52c0c058633e2a16"
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      {
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          "id": "eu:c-495-07",
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        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "71 As the Court has already held, where the proprietor of a trade mark affixes that mark to items that it gives away, free of charge, in order to promote the sale of its goods, those items are not distributed in any way with the aim of them penetrating the market (see Case C-495/07 Silberquelle [200",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
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          "ref": "C-558/08",
          "id": "eu:c-558-08",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-558-08"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_276"
        ],
        "excerpt": "94 As regards, finally, whether the use of a keyword corresponding to a trade mark is liable to have an adverse effect on one of the functions of the trade mark, the Court has made clear in other cases that there is such an adverse effect where that advertising does not enable reasonably well-inform",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
        "hash": "a4b93503e39aa923a5af1327a454374f665ec33ecb503c6431d75e20f1d513a5"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-324-09~cites~c-585-08",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-585/08",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        ],
        "excerpt": "64 It must, however, be made clear that the mere fact that a website is accessible from the territory covered by the trade mark is not a sufficient basis for concluding that the offers for sale displayed there are targeted at consumers in that territory (see, by analogy, Joined Cases C-585/08 and C-",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
        "hash": "944367df52ba6395df50f3058e98d20737ea5afda3f52f6261d033b4e5dbb5c9"
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-59/08",
          "id": "eu:c-59-08",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-59-08"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        ],
        "excerpt": "80 In the second place, a trade mark, the essential function of which is to provide the consumer with an assurance as to the identity of the product’s origin, serves in particular to guarantee that all the goods bearing the mark have been manufactured or supplied under the control of a single undert",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
        "hash": "1d3043723071dcdd0d4bdc4bdb94997fd8ee38714c2584cfe14cfe47116d767a"
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-324-09~cites~c-62-08",
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-324-09",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-62/08",
          "id": "eu:c-62-08",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-62-08"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_273"
        ],
        "excerpt": "The fact that an economic operator uses a sign corresponding to a trade mark in relation to goods which are not his own goods - in the sense that he does not have title to them - does not in itself prevent that use from falling within Article 5 of Directive 89/104 and Article 9 of Regulation 40/94 (",
        "decided": "2011-07-12",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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          "para_477"
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        "excerpt": "That being said, the fact that the service provided by an operator includes the storage of information transmitted to it is not in itself a sufficient ground for concluding that that service, in all situations, falls within the scope of Article 14(1) of Directive 2000/31 (see, to that effect, judgme"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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          "para_171"
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        "excerpt": "Thus, where the display of online content is, even if only potentially, directed at consumers or traders located in the territory of a Member State, bearing in mind that details of the geographic areas of supply of the products in question are evidence which is particularly important for the purpose"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Case C-324/09 L’Oréal and Others [2011] ECR I-0000, paragraphs 91 and 92; and UDV North America , paragraphs 43 to 51)."
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        "excerpt": "It serves in particular to guarantee that all the goods or services bearing it have been manufactured or supplied under the control of a single undertaking which is responsible for their quality, which it does in order to fulfil its essential role in the system of undistorted competition (see, to th"
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        "excerpt": "Furthermore, in the light of the objective of Directive 95/46 of ensuring effective and complete protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons, and in particular their right to privacy, with respect to the processing of personal data, those words cannot be interpreted restrict"
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        "excerpt": "Consequently, the mere fact that the website containing the data in question is accessible in a particular national territory is not a sufficient basis for concluding that the operator of the website is performing an act of re-utilisation caught by the national law applicable in that territory conce"
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        "excerpt": "The Court deduced therefrom, in order to establish whether the liability of a service provider could be limited under Article 14 of Directive 2000/31, that it was necessary to examine whether the role it plays is neutral, in the sense that its conduct is merely technical, automatic and passive, poin"
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        "excerpt": "Thus, the Court has held, as regards the operation of an e-commerce platform, that the use of signs identical or similar to trade marks in offers for sale displayed in an online marketplace is made by the sellers who are customers of the operator of that marketplace and not by that operator itself ("
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