{
  "attribution": {
    "source": "legal.exploreworldai.com",
    "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-223-19",
    "cite_as": "NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-223-19)",
    "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision",
    "version": "legal-2026-10-27",
    "fingerprint": "ewai:se:41a513",
    "proof": "sha256:ef62fbecdd81db90a2e35c50ab09ee8b35986d2be1a32d68cd56c139760f966e",
    "jurisdiction": "se",
    "lang": "en",
    "publisher": "NovaCopilot by ExploreWorld Legal",
    "terms": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/om"
  },
  "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
  "object_type": "edge",
  "object_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19",
  "schema_version": "1",
  "schema": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/edge",
  "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-223-19",
  "judgment": {
    "id": "eu:c-223-19",
    "text": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=eu:c-223-19"
  },
  "siblings": {
    "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/eu:c-223-19",
    "relation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/eu:c-223-19",
    "change": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/eu:c-223-19",
    "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/eu:c-223-19",
    "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-223-19",
    "status": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/eu:c-223-19",
    "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-223-19",
    "element": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/eu:c-223-19",
    "decision": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-223-19",
    "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-223-19",
    "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-223-19",
    "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-223-19"
  },
  "source": "NovaCopilot",
  "precedent_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/eu:c-223-19",
  "item": {
    "judgment": "eu:c-223-19",
    "outgoing": [
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~follows~c-154-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-154/18",
          "id": "eu:c-154-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-154-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_253"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Moreover, as the Advocate General recalled in point 89 of her Opinion, the mere fact that a new legal framework has been applied in respect of persons under a certain age cannot give rise to indirect discrimination on grounds of age to the detriment of other persons to whom the former legal framewor",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "eff00b5239369b1197675f86f32101379b955011c59bf8828b8fd3865f208b88"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~follows~c-173-13",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-173/13",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_218",
          "para_222"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In accordance with the Court’s case-law, this is particularly the case where the means chosen reflect a legitimate social-policy objective, are appropriate to achieve the aim pursued by the legislation at issue and are necessary in order to do so, it being understood that they can be considered appr",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "d442a1214cc36f5d3caaa6b35f854d667c11c098f43dfc66b1ec84c5623685fe"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~follows~c-192-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-192/18",
          "id": "eu:c-192-18-62018cj0192",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-192-18-62018cj0192"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_171",
          "para_173"
        ],
        "excerpt": "By contrast, benefits granted under a pension scheme which essentially relates to the employment of the interested party concerned form part of the pay received by that person and come within the scope of Article 157 TFEU (see, to that effect, judgment of 5 November 2019, Commission v Poland (Indepe",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "4c21e81df2caa80f333e275b894ab314b07e1ec62d5a94fb80c943c40c6b0288"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~follows~c-198-13",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-198/13",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_266"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It is nevertheless necessary that, in the area concerned, EU law imposes specific obligations on Member States with regard to the situation at issue in the main proceedings (see, to that effect, judgment of 10 July 2014, Julián Hernández and Others, C-198/13 , EU:C:2014:2055 , paragraph 35 ).",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "b0146e7434502bbff0fb02ba608e7b7e6a1c1e6fd1fb2a4b95694cf21ac96048"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~follows~c-258-14",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-258/14",
          "id": "eu:c-258-14",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-258-14"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_290"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Nevertheless, the right guaranteed by Article 17(1) of the Charter is not absolute, so that it cannot be interpreted as entitling a person to a pension of a particular amount (see, to that effect, judgment of 13 June 2017, Florescu and Others, C-258/14 , EU:C:2017:448 , paragraphs 50 and 51 ).",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "28c50f9c680264bb91827b81f1f18766e9f810628c635ec3745bdd451bf26053"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~follows~c-274-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-274/18",
          "id": "eu:c-274-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-274-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_204",
          "para_206",
          "para_208",
          "para_210"
        ],
        "excerpt": "As is also apparent from recital 30 of Directive 2006/54, the appreciation of the facts from which it may be presumed that there has been indirect discrimination is the task of the national court, in accordance with national law or national practices which may provide, in particular, that indirect d",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "b14dfeef14bde8e49892e8e3a71351fddc963e6d0a61d70186f3ab2a49ab8a8a"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~follows~c-283-11",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-283/11",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_280",
          "para_288"
        ],
        "excerpt": "As regards, in the second place, Article 16 of the Charter, it should be borne in mind that the freedom to conduct a business enshrined in that article includes the freedom of contract, which is the subject of the seventh question referred for a preliminary ruling (see, to that effect, judgment of 2",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "c0bb89123e923436796ce33d8e700d188f863214c204944a795c26bf94c2da57"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~follows~c-300-06",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-300/06",
          "id": "eu:c-300-06",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-300-06"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_210",
          "para_214"
        ],
        "excerpt": "As regards statistical evidence, the Court has also held (i) that the referring court must take into account all those workers subject to the national legislation in which the difference in treatment has its origin and (ii) that the best approach to the comparison is to compare the respective propor",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "97c602960d37fc2e8e97e951e0b046b19e422630fa961c42be5358b2a5d91d81"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~follows~c-385-11",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-385/11",
          "id": "eu:c-385-11",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-385-11"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_169"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that regard, it must first of all be borne in mind that, in accordance with Article 3(1)(a) of Directive 79/7, the directive applies only to statutory schemes that provide protection against, inter alia, the risk of ‘old age’ (see, to that effect, judgment of 22 November 2012, Elbal Moreno, C-385",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "9dea1a4e530c7591481f72e50113544416c6938fd4a9f0cca813f50085d63e06"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~follows~c-416-13",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-416/13",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_276"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In those circumstances, the questions of the referring court relating to whether there is discrimination on grounds of age and sex must be examined, as they are in the context of the answers to the first and second questions, in the light of Directives 2000/78 and 2006/54 alone, respectively (see, t",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "5f78f715290b4cca4fae26f1bbd3bb5081372466668835fa063fca6abd38aeb9"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~follows~c-477-14",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-477/14",
          "id": "eu:c-477-14",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-477-14"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_284"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In addition, in accordance with Article 52(1) of the Charter, any limitation on the exercise of the rights and freedoms recognised by the latter must be provided for by law and respect the essence of those rights and freedoms and, in compliance with the principle of proportionality, must be necessar",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "1b95525f86327f2e4464bcdcd2c923245cfc8825716c69d0f44fe6bbde303df5"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~cites~c-122-15",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-122/15",
          "id": "eu:c-122-15",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-122-15"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_179"
        ],
        "excerpt": "That finding is not called into question by the case-law established by the judgment of 2 June 2016, C ( C-122/15 , EU:C:2016:391 ), referred to by the Austrian Government in its written observations, in paragraph 30 of which the Court held that national legislation relating to a supplementary tax o",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "c6e74354f87565acef9887399cfb3a34cf9615c0f45cb67cb068285394465f50"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~cites~c-123-10",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-123/10",
          "id": "eu:c-123-10",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-123-10"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_220"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In addition, the Court has held that, in choosing the measures capable of achieving the aims of their social and employment policy, the Member States have a broad margin of discretion (judgments of 6 April 2000, Jørgensen, C-226/98 , EU:C:2000:191 , paragraph 41 , and of 20 October 2011, Brachner, C",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "ee471a8d42bec3f3b8d9f69ef17bdee411eb0edde72ef787bbd0eaed09240236"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~cites~c-159-15",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-159/15",
          "id": "eu:c-159-15",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-159-15"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_177"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Therefore, those directives apply to a situation such as that in the main proceedings (see, by analogy, judgment of 16 June 2016, Lesar, C-159/15 , EU:C:2016:451 , paragraph 18 and the case-law cited).",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "882b44c415b3d74e7e9cab4c86fda13ba251bc86034423f1cd444026367372a7"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~cites~c-226-98",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-226/98",
          "id": "eu:c-226-98",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-226-98"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_220"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In addition, the Court has held that, in choosing the measures capable of achieving the aims of their social and employment policy, the Member States have a broad margin of discretion (judgments of 6 April 2000, Jørgensen, C-226/98 , EU:C:2000:191 , paragraph 41 , and of 20 October 2011, Brachner, C",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "aff83a646a73920584686dec53b14469af01b9cfb1258b0acb656dc834d23969"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~cites~c-235-17",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-235/17",
          "id": "eu:c-235-17-62017cj0235",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-235-17-62017cj0235"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_264"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It should also be borne in mind that the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Charter are applicable in all situations governed by EU law and that they must, therefore, be complied with inter alia where national legislation falls within the scope of EU law (judgment of 21 May 2019, Commission v Hung",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "7403a2a783f1f75f37effcaad3908abaa31dde99b078cb0181f864405e12d68e"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~cites~c-258-17",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-258/17",
          "id": "eu:c-258-17",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-258-17"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_171"
        ],
        "excerpt": "B., C-258/17 , EU:C:2019:17 , paragraphs 44 and 48 ).",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "4ea12475052eb55ac3d2cab607e2b14dadb4d0cf6bb98a039a82f182a91d97e9"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~cites~c-379-18",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-379/18",
          "id": "eu:c-379-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-379-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_301"
        ],
        "excerpt": "However, the Court has held that the principle of effective judicial protection guaranteed by Article 47 of the Charter does not require it to be possible, as such, to bring a free-standing action which seeks primarily to dispute the compatibility of national provisions with EU law, provided one or ",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "b73cbff209efa8b25d6abd734df52335a052a8e37a8fb211dbd2bdde75653946"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~cites~c-4-02",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-4/02",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_226"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that regard, the Court has previously held that budgetary considerations cannot justify discrimination against one of the sexes (judgment of 23 October 2003, Schönheit and Becker, C-4/02 and C-5/02 , EU:C:2003:583 , paragraph 85 and the case-law cited).",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "fc09f67ae1b6bf3e2745917576ba0657c10c8cb320f228711b2706845bbcb0a5"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~cites~c-49-18",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-49/18",
          "id": "eu:c-49-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-49-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_245"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Indirect discrimination is to be taken to occur where an apparently neutral provision, criterion or practice would put persons of a certain age at a particular disadvantage compared with other persons, unless that provision, criterion or practice is objectively justified by a legitimate aim and the ",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "620a0d94d02e059e51a1522e6c854088f898f4668757099ed50730b3b235ee1f"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~cites~c-5-02",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-5/02",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_226"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that regard, the Court has previously held that budgetary considerations cannot justify discrimination against one of the sexes (judgment of 23 October 2003, Schönheit and Becker, C-4/02 and C-5/02 , EU:C:2003:583 , paragraph 85 and the case-law cited).",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "348643242248bccffc538f496cbd07eb5b85e8cac051375f3d6476d69f254e61"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-223-19~cites~c-529-13",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-223-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-529/13",
          "id": "eu:c-529-13",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-529-13"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_274"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Regarding, more specifically, discrimination on grounds of age, it is apparent from the case-law of the Court that, where they adopt measures which fall within the scope of Directive 2000/78, which gives specific expression, in the domain of employment and occupation, to the principle of non-discrim",
        "decided": "2020-09-24",
        "hash": "502c0f7d80d4e9de4638819a35b8a24a47c181275502d52fb8e709138a15558b"
      }
    ],
    "incoming": [
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:62023cj0623~follows~c-223-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:62023cj0623",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62023cj0623",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_132"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It follows that the question put by the referring court in Case C-626/23 must be examined in the light of that directive and not of those provisions of the Charter (see, to that effect, judgments of 24 September 2020, YS (Occupational pensions of managerial staff) , C-223/19, EU:C:2020:753, paragrap"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-289-21~cites~c-223-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-289-21",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-289-21",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_147"
        ],
        "excerpt": "As the Advocate General noted in point 34 of his Opinion, it is also apparent from the Court’s case-law that the principle of effective judicial protection guaranteed by Article 47 of the Charter does not require it to be possible, as such, to bring a free-standing action which seeks primarily to di"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-353-20-62020cj0353~follows~c-223-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-353-20-62020cj0353",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-353-20-62020cj0353",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_242",
          "para_244"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It may be subject to a broad range of interventions on the part of public authorities which may limit the exercise of economic activity in the public interest (see, to that effect, judgments of 22 January 2013, Sky Österreich, C-283/11 , EU:C:2013:28 , paragraphs 45 and 46 ; of 16 July 2020, Adusbef"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-389-20~follows~c-223-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-389-20",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-389-20",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_178",
          "para_180",
          "para_196"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In a situation where statistical evidence is available to the national court, the Court has held (i) that it is for that court to take into account all those workers subject to the national legislation in which the difference in treatment has its origin, and (ii) that the best approach to the compar"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-405-20-62020cj0405~follows~c-223-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-405-20-62020cj0405",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-405-20-62020cj0405",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_195",
          "para_197",
          "para_199",
          "para_203",
          "para_205",
          "para_207",
          "para_211"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that regard, the Court has held that the existence of such a particular disadvantage can be established, for example, if it were proved that national legislation is to the disadvantage of a significantly greater proportion of individuals of one sex as compared with individuals of the other sex (s"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-417-23~follows~c-223-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-417-23",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-417-23",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_441"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that regard, it is for the national court to assess to what extent the statistical evidence adduced before it is valid and whether it can be taken into account, that is to say, whether, for example, it illustrates purely fortuitous or short-term phenomena, and whether it is sufficiently significa"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-52-22-62022cj0052~follows~c-223-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-52-22-62022cj0052",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-52-22-62022cj0052",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_205",
          "para_207"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that regard, the Court has held that indirect discrimination on grounds of age can be established only if it is shown that, among all the persons covered by the national legislation from which that discrimination arises, that legislation has a negative effect, without justification, on a signific"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-625-20~cites~c-223-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-625-20",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-625-20",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_183",
          "para_185"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that regard, the Court has held that, in choosing the measures capable of achieving the aims of their social and employment policy, the Member States have a broad margin of discretion (judgment of 24 September 2020, YS(Occupational pensions of managerial staff), C-223/19 , EU:C:2020:753 , paragra"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-843-19~follows~c-223-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-843-19",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-843-19",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_107",
          "para_109",
          "para_119",
          "para_121",
          "para_131"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In a situation where, as in the present case, statistical evidence is available to the national court, the Court has held (i) that it is for that court to take into account all those workers subject to the national legislation in which the difference in treatment has its origin, and (ii) that the be"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-857-19~follows~c-223-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-857-19",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-857-19",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_120"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Nevertheless, the Court, which is called on to provide answers of use in the context of a reference for a preliminary ruling, may provide guidance based on the documents in the file of the case in the main proceedings and on the written and oral observations which have been submitted to it, in order"
      }
    ],
    "acts": [],
    "counts": {
      "outgoing": 22,
      "incoming": 10,
      "acts": 0
    },
    "follow": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-223-19?follow=5",
    "hash": "0c0623aaa5d2712631af0fff1ce9ae988d0dc0b2c4cd92924d1b56e322e8ef4f"
  },
  "links": {
    "provisions": null,
    "case_law": {
      "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-223-19",
      "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-223-19",
      "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-223-19",
      "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-223-19"
    },
    "compact": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-223-19?view=compact",
    "representations": {
      "sv": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/eu/praxis/c-223-19",
      "en": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/eu/praxis/c-223-19"
    },
    "machine_languages": [
      "en",
      "sv"
    ],
    "ref": "eu:c-223-19"
  },
  "watch": {
    "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=eu%3Ac-223-19",
    "relations": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=eu%3Ac-223-19",
    "risk_changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk-changes",
    "node_state": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/node-state?id=eu%3Ac-223-19",
    "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-223-19"
  },
  "metadata": {
    "schema": "novacopilot_object_metadata/1",
    "canonical_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-223-19",
    "source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
    "official_source": null,
    "short_answer": null,
    "short_answer_status": "not_in_register",
    "hash": "0c0623aaa5d2712631af0fff1ce9ae988d0dc0b2c4cd92924d1b56e322e8ef4f",
    "schema_version": "1",
    "last_verified_at": null,
    "verification_status": "not_verified_yet",
    "integrity_check_scope": "stored_content_only"
  },
  "hash": "sha256:ef62fbecdd81db90a2e35c50ab09ee8b35986d2be1a32d68cd56c139760f966e",
  "version": "legal-2026-10-27",
  "expires": "2026-10-29T00:00:00.000Z",
  "dependency": {
    "index_version": "legal-2026-10-27+legal-2026-10-27+2026-10-27T16:13:52",
    "content_hash": "sha256:ef62fbecdd81db90a2e35c50ab09ee8b35986d2be1a32d68cd56c139760f966e",
    "revalidate_after": "2026-10-28T02:31:58.597Z",
    "max_copy_age_seconds": 3600,
    "policy": "revalidate-required; attribution-preferred",
    "changelog": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency",
    "verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify",
    "stale_copy_invalid": true
  },
  "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-223-19",
  "disclaimer": "Source reference with official identifier. Not legal advice and not a compliance decision.",
  "content_notice": {
    "legal_advice": false,
    "nature": "Source register. Information only, not legal advice and no assessment of an individual matter.",
    "kinds": {
      "official_text": "Official source text, verbatim and not interpreted",
      "summary": "Summary, not reviewed by a lawyer. Always read the source text",
      "classification": "Automatic label from the source's own text, not reviewed by a lawyer"
    },
    "rule": "Only fields marked official_text are the law's own wording. Everything else points to it.",
    "report_error": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/corrections",
    "ai_act_declaration": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/ai-act-declaration"
  },
  "usageInfo": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/citering",
  "withheld": {
    "links.evidence": 3
  },
  "access": {
    "status": "partner_key_required",
    "header": "x-partner-key",
    "contact": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kontakt",
    "note": "Facts and counts are public. Relationships and decision paths stay inside NovaCopilot."
  },
  "access_class": "relationship",
  "access_view": "public"
}