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        "excerpt": "96 The same must, in principle, apply, mutatis mutandis , to other rules relating to the status of judges and the performance of their duties, such as those governing the waiver of their criminal immunity where such immunity is, as in the present case, provided for in the national law concerned (see",
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        "excerpt": "354 As the Court has emphasised on several occasions, that requirement that courts be independent and impartial, which is inherent in the task of adjudication, forms part of the essence of the fundamental right to effective judicial protection and to a fair trial, which is of cardinal importance as ",
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        "excerpt": "343 It is thus apparent from the wording of Article 9 of the GDPR that the prohibition laid down by that provision applies, subject to the exceptions laid down by that regulation, to any type of processing of the special categories of data referred to in that provision and to all controllers carryin",
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        "excerpt": "96 The same must, in principle, apply, mutatis mutandis , to other rules relating to the status of judges and the performance of their duties, such as those governing the waiver of their criminal immunity where such immunity is, as in the present case, provided for in the national law concerned (see",
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        "excerpt": "In that context, Article 19 TEU, which, as recalled in paragraph 69 above, gives concrete expression to the value of the rule of law affirmed in Article 2 TEU, entrusts the responsibility for ensuring the full application of EU law in all Member States and the judicial protection that individuals de",
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        "excerpt": "Failure to comply with that requirement in that respect is - just like a failure to comply with it as regards the definition of detailed procedural rules - liable to undermine the principle of effective judicial protection (see, to that effect, judgments of 15 April 2008, Impact , C-268/06, EU:C:200",
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        "excerpt": "96 The same must, in principle, apply, mutatis mutandis , to other rules relating to the status of judges and the performance of their duties, such as those governing the waiver of their criminal immunity where such immunity is, as in the present case, provided for in the national law concerned (see",
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        "excerpt": "317 The Court thus held that Article 2(2)(a) of the GDPR, read in the light of recital 16 and Article 2(2)(b) of that regulation and of the first indent of Article 3(2) of Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard",
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        "excerpt": "316 It should be noted that, in so far as the exception laid down in Article 2(2)(a) of the GDPR renders inapplicable the system of protection of personal data laid down by that regulation and thus deviates from the objective underlying it, namely to ensure the protection of the fundamental rights a",
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          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "96 The same must, in principle, apply, mutatis mutandis , to other rules relating to the status of judges and the performance of their duties, such as those governing the waiver of their criminal immunity where such immunity is, as in the present case, provided for in the national law concerned (see",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "They are thus required, in particular, to ensure that, in the light of the value of the rule of law, any regression of their laws on the organisation of justice is prevented, by refraining from adopting rules which would undermine the independence of judges (see, to that effect, judgment of 21 Decem",
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        "to": {
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          "id": null,
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          "para_532",
          "para_562",
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          "para_565",
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        "excerpt": "In addition, making available those data to the general public in that manner constitutes the processing of personal data falling under Article 8 of the Charter (see, to that effect, judgment of 22 November 2022, Luxembourg Business Registers , C-37/20 and C-601/20, EU:C:2022:912, paragraph 38 and t",
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        "hash": "3e0288a9c7e40de49a58edd7df857f346c0be106f83b96c7d2a3033497036ed2"
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        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
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          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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          "para_337"
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        "excerpt": "They are thus required, in particular, to ensure that, in the light of the value of the rule of law, any regression of their laws on the organisation of justice is prevented, by refraining from adopting rules which would undermine the independence of judges (see, to that effect, judgment of 21 Decem",
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        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-397/19",
          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "96 The same must, in principle, apply, mutatis mutandis , to other rules relating to the status of judges and the performance of their duties, such as those governing the waiver of their criminal immunity where such immunity is, as in the present case, provided for in the national law concerned (see",
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        "to": {
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        "excerpt": "The implementation of that principle by national courts contributes to ensuring the effective protection of the rights which EU law confers on individuals (see, to that effect, judgment of 8 September 2010, Winner Wetten , C-409/06, EU:C:2010:503, paragraphs 53 to 55 and the case-law cited).",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "481dba8f206d5772097016e779712f0734a03951514214ac21592860079cca39"
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        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-430/21",
          "id": "eu:c-430-21",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-430-21"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "63 As regards the scope of those provisions, it is apparent from the settled case-law of the Court that, although the organisation of justice in the Member States, in particular, the establishment, composition, powers and functioning of the national courts, and the rules governing the process for ap",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "797230fe7e02dc4df8ba9ce1f94dd09287341e7c5f40adcb1c196c99f9ac0e2f"
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      {
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        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-439/19",
          "id": "eu:c-439-19",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-439-19"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_518",
          "para_519",
          "para_520"
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        "excerpt": "316 It should be noted that, in so far as the exception laid down in Article 2(2)(a) of the GDPR renders inapplicable the system of protection of personal data laid down by that regulation and thus deviates from the objective underlying it, namely to ensure the protection of the fundamental rights a",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "ee044be281ba81c424a95856e40a373ceb70692d07d70e2ec7bbc4091d1d33e4"
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        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-441/14",
          "id": "eu:c-441-14",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Accordingly, it is, where appropriate, for the national court concerned to alter its own case-law which is incompatible with EU law, as interpreted by the Court of Justice (see, to that effect, judgments of 19 April 2016, DI , C-441/14, EU:C:2016:278, paragraphs 33 and 34, and of 6 November 2018, Ma",
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        "to": {
          "ref": "C-510/19",
          "id": "eu:c-510-19",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "K. and Others , delivered shortly before the amending law was adopted, in particular paragraphs 134, 139 and 149 and the operative part of that judgment, that the referring court in the joined cases giving rise to that judgment and, having regard to the erga omnes effect attaching to the interpretat",
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        "to": {
          "ref": "C-542/18",
          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "129 As the Commission asserts, the Court has thus held that the fundamental right to a fair trial and, in particular, the guarantees of access to an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law which characterise that fundamental right, mean in particular that every court is obli",
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      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-543-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-543/18",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_311"
        ],
        "excerpt": "129 As the Commission asserts, the Court has thus held that the fundamental right to a fair trial and, in particular, the guarantees of access to an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law which characterise that fundamental right, mean in particular that every court is obli",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "3e0e05617909cb5307be9913af49f70046f699684aa53919a21c8d961d41136b"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-547-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-547/19",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_248",
          "para_337"
        ],
        "excerpt": "They are thus required, in particular, to ensure that, in the light of the value of the rule of law, any regression of their laws on the organisation of justice is prevented, by refraining from adopting rules which would undermine the independence of judges (see, to that effect, judgment of 21 Decem",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "2adfaf7c3975041a3f27d835cde6f54e4bdb5daeadd7d61398395dad26a2c15d"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-556-17",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-556/17",
          "id": "eu:c-556-17-62017cj0556",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-556-17-62017cj0556"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_421"
        ],
        "excerpt": "229 According to settled case-law, Article 47 of the Charter has direct effect (see, inter alia, judgment of 29 July 2019, Torubarov , C-556/17, EU:C:2019:626, paragraph 56 and the case-law cited) and it is, furthermore, recalled in paragraph 78 of the present judgment that the same is true of the s",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "5d55cfb780eb9113fc62eb70a9843c7297a0958e9a11ccbaa96396089eb74c10"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-561-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-561/19",
          "id": "eu:c-561-19",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-561-19"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_324"
        ],
        "excerpt": "K. and Others , delivered shortly before the amending law was adopted, in particular paragraphs 134, 139 and 149 and the operative part of that judgment, that the referring court in the joined cases giving rise to that judgment and, having regard to the erga omnes effect attaching to the interpretat",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "5c6b888cdca13e11f0791b7a85fe3a1ab72bdc3c647ee545bf95c3776165328f"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-601-20",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-601/20",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_531",
          "para_532",
          "para_562",
          "para_563",
          "para_565",
          "para_580"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In addition, making available those data to the general public in that manner constitutes the processing of personal data falling under Article 8 of the Charter (see, to that effect, judgment of 22 November 2022, Luxembourg Business Registers , C-37/20 and C-601/20, EU:C:2022:912, paragraph 38 and t",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "3f7ac001c69056b640a64968137cc6cca52f2fe7d736781e0106a274d4aea127"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-619-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-619/18",
          "id": "eu:c-619-18-62018cj0619",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-619-18-62018cj0619"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_257"
        ],
        "excerpt": "82 In that regard, it suffices, however, to note that it is settled case-law that the question whether there has been a failure to fulfil obligations must be examined on the basis of the position in which the Member State at issue found itself at the end of the period laid down in the reasoned opini",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "95a9507ef78a4db8a3ecd3a81ebb7d1985aa4c2ff8b5239ee3a9c252d64d29e1"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-684-16",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-684/16",
          "id": "eu:c-684-16",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-684-16"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_253"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Accordingly, it is, where appropriate, for the national court concerned to alter its own case-law which is incompatible with EU law, as interpreted by the Court of Justice (see, to that effect, judgments of 19 April 2016, DI , C-441/14, EU:C:2016:278, paragraphs 33 and 34, and of 6 November 2018, Ma",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "0d571f5a4dadf98a4a5ac9e2d6094c005583f848042e342f1221ef54c50fdef7"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-78-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-78/18",
          "id": "eu:c-78-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-78-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_510",
          "para_533"
        ],
        "excerpt": "330 It follows from the above that Article 7 and Article 8(1) of the Charter are applicable in the present case and that the contested national provisions must therefore comply with those articles (see, to that effect, judgment of 18 June 2020, Commission v Hungary (Transparency of associations) , C",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "3dec8ae287bc0860d1d40da748beb07eee478f762ccb5582ded32e7cb11ba675"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-791-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-791/19",
          "id": "eu:c-791-19-62019cj0791",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-791-19-62019cj0791"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_234",
          "para_237",
          "para_240",
          "para_243",
          "para_244",
          "para_264",
          "para_270",
          "para_271",
          "para_272",
          "para_273",
          "para_278",
          "para_279"
        ],
        "excerpt": "63 As regards the scope of those provisions, it is apparent from the settled case-law of the Court that, although the organisation of justice in the Member States, in particular, the establishment, composition, powers and functioning of the national courts, and the rules governing the process for ap",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "aa227f689e02086da658da460f2fa19a6639a9a26a0fdae412e27e8f5f5e3814"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-811-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-811/19",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_248",
          "para_337"
        ],
        "excerpt": "They are thus required, in particular, to ensure that, in the light of the value of the rule of law, any regression of their laws on the organisation of justice is prevented, by refraining from adopting rules which would undermine the independence of judges (see, to that effect, judgment of 21 Decem",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "70ee613fd04c485938609e262b60c288bafdff001a022fa0e274e2557c4e1f64"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-824-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-824/18",
          "id": "eu:c-824-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-824-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_310",
          "para_312",
          "para_346",
          "para_488"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that context, Article 19 TEU, which, as recalled in paragraph 69 above, gives concrete expression to the value of the rule of law affirmed in Article 2 TEU, entrusts the responsibility for ensuring the full application of EU law in all Member States and the judicial protection that individuals de",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "6a1412736dcf807cffd14e62933fa6b74d7e3928a2ff09becf4c282d255818fb"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-83-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-83/19",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_274",
          "para_277"
        ],
        "excerpt": "96 The same must, in principle, apply, mutatis mutandis , to other rules relating to the status of judges and the performance of their duties, such as those governing the waiver of their criminal immunity where such immunity is, as in the present case, provided for in the national law concerned (see",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "b2cac67ef2c919c4dacb80c141c099a67242859e3ca42d2489c5738d2e18dcd8"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-840-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-840/19",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_248",
          "para_337"
        ],
        "excerpt": "They are thus required, in particular, to ensure that, in the light of the value of the rule of law, any regression of their laws on the organisation of justice is prevented, by refraining from adopting rules which would undermine the independence of judges (see, to that effect, judgment of 21 Decem",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "3586f5b3c061b605d81d2e1fb8953bd581d1ef6ba79001f1018b6d5f3b3a107f"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-896-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-896/19",
          "id": "eu:c-896-19-62019cj0896",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-896-19-62019cj0896"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_558"
        ],
        "excerpt": "354 As the Court has emphasised on several occasions, that requirement that courts be independent and impartial, which is inherent in the task of adjudication, forms part of the essence of the fundamental right to effective judicial protection and to a fair trial, which is of cardinal importance as ",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "3ec77424a2862231615f7073fcff6045243ef51f9a3493619f6e3763ea42b65a"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-93-12",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-93/12",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_462",
          "para_463"
        ],
        "excerpt": "265 In that regard, the Court pointed out, inter alia, that the fact that a specific substantive dispute falls within the exclusive jurisdiction of a single court could, where appropriate, prove to be such as to enable that court to acquire special expertise which would be conducive to limiting the ",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "d0aa3b522ae83257674a886a01cebfd3a6586df9bdf833a378186a36814bcd46"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-213-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-213/19",
          "id": "eu:c-213-19",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-213-19"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_380",
          "para_455"
        ],
        "excerpt": "189 The Court has also held that, where an action is brought under Article 258 TFEU, the application must set out the complaints coherently and precisely, so that the Member State and the Court can know exactly the scope of the alleged infringement of EU law, a condition that must be satisfied if th",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "b9c29d83c60b363e3bc07d0943400f7852f62744b43ce45d9b78524864077329"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-235-17",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-235/17",
          "id": "eu:c-235-17-62017cj0235",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-235-17-62017cj0235"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_510"
        ],
        "excerpt": "309 In those circumstances, it is for the Court to rule on the separate infringements thus alleged by the Commission (see, by analogy, judgments of 21 May 2019, Commission v Hungary (Usufruct over agricultural land) , C-235/17, EU:C:2019:432, paragraph 131, and of 18 June 2020, Commission v Hungary ",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "e62000ad3a60f3b710d2b781305981faba53b0713f0e7c7628125f2f861bef9c"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-378-17",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-378/17",
          "id": "eu:c-378-17",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-378-17"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_469",
          "para_470"
        ],
        "excerpt": "272 The Court thus held that any provision of a national legal system and any legislative, administrative or judicial practice which might impair the effectiveness of EU law by withholding from the national court having jurisdiction to apply such law the power to do everything necessary at the momen",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "31307e41eac80007277a3b7286e250018112e42110c87ba0f35c01932c7b8e8a"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-395-17",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-395/17",
          "id": "eu:c-395-17",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-395-17"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_381"
        ],
        "excerpt": "190 In particular, the Commission’s action must contain a coherent and detailed statement of the reasons which have led it to conclude that the Member State in question has failed to fulfil one of its obligations under the Treaties (judgment of 31 October 2019, Commission v Netherlands , C-395/17, E",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "6e51cdc0ac5fd58cbb5bc7e4dc4681a20ea228a3f2a54859c2e29b7ca41a4caa"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-487-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-487/19",
          "id": "eu:c-487-19",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-487-19"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_245",
          "para_252",
          "para_297",
          "para_313",
          "para_328",
          "para_332",
          "para_333"
        ],
        "excerpt": "(Chamber of Extraordinary Control and Public Affairs of the Supreme Court - Appointment) , C-487/19, EU:C:2021:798, paragraph 126 and the case-law cited).",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "725d7fb47b53c8c1d0f711e2135bd8bf59d0faa3f422b71bd4e70c9aee806190"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-508-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-508/19",
          "id": "eu:c-508-19",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-508-19"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_329",
          "para_403"
        ],
        "excerpt": "- in proceedings seeking a declaration that a judge’s service relationship is non-existent, a national court may find that the person appointed in a manner incompatible with the principle of effective judicial protection is not a judge (Case C-508/19, Prokurator Generalny and Others (Disciplinary Ch",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "e92b1068e9e35d2bb55025835f24fa10101c693103899daee7b5ea1ead90f98c"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-51-15",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-51/15",
          "id": "eu:c-51-15",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-51-15"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_460"
        ],
        "excerpt": "263 In the first place, it should be noted that it follows from the principles recalled in paragraphs 63 to 74 of the present judgment that, while the distribution or reorganisation of court jurisdiction in a Member State comes, in principle, under the freedom of the Member States guaranteed by Arti",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "0fa01cd843aeae244a934c9bf2aaf5f4f2016da6cb643d6a7da078345bc0841e"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-525-14",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-525/14",
          "id": "eu:c-525-14",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-525-14"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_454"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Consequently, the reasoned opinion and the action brought by the Commission must be based on the same complaints as those in the letter of formal notice initiating the pre-litigation procedure (judgment of 22 September 2016, Commission v Czech Republic , C-525/14, EU:C:2016:714, paragraph 17 and the",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "c63126b06c1be19e3b7d3fa2bb9fcce7492e8038a46965654939ce8b0fc90720"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-552-15",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-552/15",
          "id": "eu:c-552-15",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-552-15"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_379"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It is therefore necessary for the essential points of fact and of law on which a case is based to be indicated coherently and intelligibly in the application itself and for the form of order sought to be set out unambiguously so that the Court does not rule ultra petita or fail to rule on a complain",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "be8455f14f5ced40634b80852e2683f63b0009cbc4cfe12c9280cf4ad4398ba9"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-567-13",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-567/13",
          "id": "eu:c-567-13",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-567-13"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_462"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Similarly, it noted that the designation of less decentralised courts, of a higher level than the local courts and in which judges have greater professional experience, could be such as to facilitate a more homogeneous and specialised administration of justice in the field of substantive EU law conc",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "1402cacb6ad691c9638af83389d00a93aa3f2a0d7842d313d78e5f57f4239249"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-585-18",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-585/18",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        ],
        "excerpt": "K. and Others (Independence of the Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court) (C-585/18, C-624/18 and C-625/18, ‘the judgment in A.",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "f6a6e9a73899224a32993d4d1d46f880c4edeaf8e8a709838fca6f4ddd940946"
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-624/18",
          "id": null,
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        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "K. and Others (Independence of the Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court) (C-585/18, C-624/18 and C-625/18, ‘the judgment in A.",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "ee7da38591a787bbe1f7b3e81542b38c81a289ea779601300167c110232886c2"
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        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-625-18",
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        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-625/18",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_262"
        ],
        "excerpt": "K. and Others (Independence of the Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court) (C-585/18, C-624/18 and C-625/18, ‘the judgment in A.",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "509c5240d8cd22a93e9451fbe6886709c0f5e489f2bdf65bdb8eb159c464e4ca"
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-64-16",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-64/16",
          "id": "eu:c-64-16",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-64-16"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_243"
        ],
        "excerpt": "69 For its part, Article 19 TEU gives concrete expression to the value of the rule of law stated in Article 2 TEU (judgment of 27 February 2018, Associação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses , C-64/16, EU:C:2018:117, paragraph 32).",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "7d6e15c588948fdb70f8c623144ee5c9c57f358a352b1b5f16874a784a464c45"
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-73/16",
          "id": "eu:c-73-16",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-73-16"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_536"
        ],
        "excerpt": "As the Advocate General also observed in particular in point 235 of his Opinion, for as long as the conditions governing the legal processing of personal data under that regulation are fulfilled, such processing meets, in principle, the requirements of Articles 7 and 8 of the Charter (see, by analog",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "a3d8986360ce82c4ce9243869d521016a92fe88ef8d2629fa8f210f91fa34d62"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-748-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-748/19",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_312",
          "para_330",
          "para_334",
          "para_335",
          "para_376",
          "para_414"
        ],
        "excerpt": "K. and Others , paragraphs 153, 154, 164 and 166; of 2 March 2021, A.B. and Others (Appointment of judges to the Supreme Court - Actions) , C-824/18, EU:C:2021:153, paragraphs 139, 149, 165 and 166; and of 16 November 2021, Prokuratura Rejonowa w Mińsku Mazowieckim and Others , C-748/19 to C-754/19,",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "8a71cd96079483d810472325a6136de7fd7e6902311ad068b8e83bda2fb2ceb0"
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~cites~c-754-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-754/19",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_312",
          "para_330",
          "para_334",
          "para_335",
          "para_376",
          "para_414"
        ],
        "excerpt": "K. and Others , paragraphs 153, 154, 164 and 166; of 2 March 2021, A.B. and Others (Appointment of judges to the Supreme Court - Actions) , C-824/18, EU:C:2021:153, paragraphs 139, 149, 165 and 166; and of 16 November 2021, Prokuratura Rejonowa w Mińsku Mazowieckim and Others , C-748/19 to C-754/19,",
        "decided": "2023-06-05",
        "hash": "7887d1735dfc3848ea5668e2dd5cebf3a2b2788eed7a43851012e22a889f37b6"
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    ],
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:62021cj0181~cites~c-204-21",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:62021cj0181",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62021cj0181",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_272"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that regard, it is true that every court is obliged to verify whether, in its composition, it constitutes an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law, within the meaning, in particular, of the second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU, where a serious doubt arises on that p"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:62021cj0554~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:62021cj0554",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62021cj0554",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_146"
        ],
        "excerpt": "As a preliminary point, it should be recalled that, although the organisation of justice in the Member States, in particular, the establishment, composition, powers and functioning of national courts, falls within the competence of those States, the fact remains that, when exercising that competence"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:62023cj0313~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:62023cj0313",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62023cj0313",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_427",
          "para_429",
          "para_433",
          "para_435"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Article 2 of the GDPR sets out, in paragraphs 2 and 3 thereof, in exhaustive terms, the exceptions to the rule determining the material scope of that regulation laid down in paragraph 1 thereof; those exceptions, in particular the ones provided for in paragraph 2, must be interpreted strictly (see, "
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-116-22~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-116-22",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-116-22",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_153"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that regard, it must be borne in mind, as is apparent from settled case-law, that the question whether there has been a failure to fulfil obligations must be examined on the basis of the position in which the Member State at issue found itself at the end of the period laid down in the reasoned op"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-119-23-62023cj0119~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-119-23-62023cj0119",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-119-23-62023cj0119",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_163"
        ],
        "excerpt": "That requirement of judicial independence laid down, inter alia, in Article 19 TEU thus gives concrete expression to one of the fundamental values of the European Union and its Member States enshrined in Article 2 TEU, which define the very identity of the European Union as a common legal order and "
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-123-22-62022cj0123~cites~c-204-21",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-123-22-62022cj0123",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-123-22-62022cj0123",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_353"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Compliance with the obligations following from that principle is necessary in particular in order to ensure respect for the equality of Member States before the Treaties and constitutes an expression of the principle of sincere cooperation set out in Article 4(3) TEU (judgment of 5 June 2023, Commis"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-197-23~cites~c-204-21",
        "type": "cites",
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        "from": "eu:c-197-23",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-197-23",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_205"
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        "excerpt": "It must also be pointed out that, after the present request for a preliminary ruling was made, in an action for failure to fulfil obligations brought against the Republic of Poland, in the specific context of the adoption by that Member State, as a matter of urgency, of various procedural provisions"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-225-22-62022cj0225~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
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        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-225-22-62022cj0225",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_189",
          "para_191",
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        "excerpt": "In particular, as regards those provisions of national law, the Court, after the present request for a preliminary ruling was made, had already held, in essence, that the Republic of Poland, by adopting and maintaining in force national rules which prohibit national courts, on pain of disciplinary p"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-271-23~follows~c-204-21",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "53 By contrast, in the system of legal remedies established by the Treaties, the Commission may, in proceedings for interim relief based on Article 279 TFEU, request the Court to grant interim measures, such as a direction in order to safeguard the interests protected by the provisions of EU law all"
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        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-386-24-62024cj0386~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-386-24-62024cj0386",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-386-24-62024cj0386",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_131"
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        "excerpt": "49 In order to preserve that independence, it is necessary that that liability arises only in completely exceptional cases of serious and totally inexcusable forms of conduct on the part of judges, consisting, for example, in violating deliberately and in bad faith, or as a result of particularly se"
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        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-432-22-62022cj0432~cites~c-204-21",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-432-22-62022cj0432",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-432-22-62022cj0432",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_212"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Furthermore, the Court has already stated that the second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU, which imposes on Member States a clear and precise obligation as to the result to be achieved and which is not subject to any conditions, in particular as regards the independence and impartiality of the cou"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-448-23~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-448-23",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-448-23",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_413",
          "para_421",
          "para_423",
          "para_429",
          "para_443",
          "para_468",
          "para_472",
          "para_540",
          "para_552",
          "para_562",
          "para_568",
          "para_574"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It is settled case-law that, although the organisation of justice in the Member States, in particular the establishment, composition, powers and functioning of national courts, falls within the competence of those States, the fact remains that, when exercising that competence, the Member States are "
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-484-24-62024cj0484~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-484-24-62024cj0484",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-484-24-62024cj0484",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_383",
          "para_471"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Under Article 6(1) of the GDPR, processing of personal data falling within the scope of that regulation is lawful only if and to the extent that it meets at least one of the alternative lawfulness conditions set out in that provision (see, to that effect, judgment of 5 June 2023, Commission v Poland"
      },
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        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_278"
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        "excerpt": "Thus, the Court has held that Article 9(1) of the GDPR applies to processing not only of inherently sensitive data to which that provision relates, but also of data revealing information of that nature indirectly, following an intellectual operation involving deduction or cross-referencing (judgment"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-521-21~follows~c-204-21",
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        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-521-21",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-521-21",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_130",
          "para_132",
          "para_133",
          "para_134",
          "para_155",
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        "excerpt": "49 That conclusion was also based, in part, on the fact that, in essence, the national rules referred to in paragraph 46 above were, because of the prohibitions and disciplinary offences they impose on judges of the Sąd Najwyższy (Supreme Court) and all the ordinary and administrative courts, such a"
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-523-24",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-523-24",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_195"
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        "excerpt": "50 In that regard, it should be noted that Article 19 TEU, which gives concrete expression to the value of the rule of law stated in Article 2 TEU (judgments of 27 February 2018, Associação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses , C-64/16, EU:C:2018:117, paragraph 32, and of 5 June 2023, Commission v Polan"
      },
      {
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        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-53-23",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-53-23",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_147"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Next, the Court has held that the fundamental right to a fair trial and, in particular, the guarantees of access to an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law which characterise that fundamental right, mean in particular that every court is obliged to check whether, as compo"
      },
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        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-537-22-62022cj0537~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-537-22-62022cj0537",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-537-22-62022cj0537",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_91"
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        "excerpt": "It follows that, by virtue of the principle of the primacy of EU law, a Member State’s reliance on rules of national law, even of a constitutional order, cannot be allowed to undermine the unity and effectiveness of EU law (see, to that effect, judgments of 5 June 2023, Commission v Poland (Independ"
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        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-548-21-62021cj0548",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_384"
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        "excerpt": "Last, it cannot be ruled out that the data contained in a mobile telephone may include particularly sensitive data, such as personal data revealing racial or ethnic origin, political opinions and religious or philosophical beliefs, such sensitivity justifying the specific protection afforded to them"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-56-25~follows~c-204-21",
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        "label_sv": "följer",
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        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-56-25",
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "35 It is also settled case-law that a rule of national law cannot prevent a national court from exercising that discretion, or complying with that obligation, which are an inherent part of the system of cooperation between the national courts and the Court of Justice established in Article 267 TFEU "
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-575-23~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-575-23",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-575-23",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_339"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Member States must exercise their competence consistently with EU law in the areas in which the European Union does not have competence, such as that of determining the various constituent elements of a worker’s remuneration (see, to that effect, judgments of 10 June 2010, Bruno and Others, C-395/08"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-634-22-62022cj0634~cites~c-204-21",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-634-22-62022cj0634",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-634-22-62022cj0634",
        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "In that regard, it should be recalled that, while the distribution or reorganisation of court jurisdiction in a Member State comes, in principle, under the freedom of the Member States guaranteed by Article 4(2) TEU, that distribution or reorganisation must not, in particular, undermine respect for "
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-667-21~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-667-21",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-667-21",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_226"
        ],
        "excerpt": "The Court has clarified that the purpose of Article 9(1) of that regulation is to ensure enhanced protection as regards processing which, because of the particular sensitivity of the data processed, is liable to constitute a particularly serious interference with the fundamental rights to respect fo"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-769-22~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
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        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-769-22",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_1094"
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        "excerpt": "It should be emphasised in that context that the European Union thus brings together States which, as has been recalled in paragraph 521 of the present judgment, have freely and voluntarily subscribed to those values (including the fundamental rights guaranteed by the Charter), respect them, and und"
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        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-808-21~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
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        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-808-21",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_184",
          "para_308",
          "para_418"
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        "excerpt": "Thirdly, Article 4(2) TEU must be read in the light of provisions of the same rank, in particular Articles 2 and 10 TEU, and cannot exempt Member States from the obligation to comply with the requirements arising from those provisions (see, to that effect, judgment of 5 June 2023, Commission v Polan"
      },
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        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-814-21~follows~c-204-21",
        "type": "follows",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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          "para_466"
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        "excerpt": "Thirdly, Article 4(2) TEU must be read in the light of provisions of the same rank, in particular Articles 2 and 10 TEU, and cannot exempt Member States from the obligation to comply with the requirements arising from those provisions (see, to that effect, judgment of 5 June 2023, Commission v Polan"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "In the first place, it must be recalled that, although the organisation of justice in the Member States, in particular, the establishment, composition, powers and functioning of national courts, falls within the competence of those States, the fact remains that, when exercising that competence, the "
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        "edge_id": "edge:no:hr-2022-863-a~cites~c-204-21",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "avgjørelsene i sakene C-791/19 og C-204/21."
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