{ "attribution": { "source": "legal.exploreworldai.com", "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-184-20", "cite_as": "NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-184-20)", "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision", "version": "legal-2026-10-25", "fingerprint": "ewai:se:b5bf11", "proof": "sha256:f7c7b82f251d3da3d7a13ca4afaa45858dd1976d0ebfbb3e7f74f79cef3e028d", "jurisdiction": "se", "lang": "en", "publisher": "NovaCopilot by ExploreWorld Legal", "terms": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/om" }, "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot", "object_type": "edge", "object_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20", "schema_version": "1", "schema": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/edge", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-184-20", "judgment": { "id": "eu:c-184-20", "text": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=eu:c-184-20" }, "siblings": { "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/eu:c-184-20", "relation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/eu:c-184-20", "change": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/eu:c-184-20", "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/eu:c-184-20", "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-184-20", "status": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/eu:c-184-20", "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-184-20", "element": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/eu:c-184-20", "decision": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-184-20", "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-184-20", "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-184-20", "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-184-20" }, "source": "NovaCopilot", "precedent_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/eu:c-184-20", "item": { "judgment": "eu:c-184-20", "outgoing": [ { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~distinguishes~c-494-12", "type": "distinguishes", "label_sv": "särskiljer", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-494/12", "id": null, "url": null }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_309" ], "excerpt": "Furthermore, there is no need to distinguish between the provisions of Directive 95/46 and those of the GDPR referred to in the two questions referred for a preliminary ruling, as reformulated, since the purport of those provisions must be regarded as similar for the purposes of the interpretation t", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "58330f63beda1677885890b0c0db462ceacc58cfd663cccec1e84aea7891df3f" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~follows~c-101-01", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-101/01", "id": "eu:c-101-01", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-101-01" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_445" ], "excerpt": "Furthermore, a wide interpretation of the terms ‘special categories of personal data’ and ‘sensitive data’ is confirmed by the objective of Directive 95/46 and the GDPR, noted in paragraph 61 of the present judgment, which is to ensure a high level of protection of the fundamental rights and freedom", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "4db3b4f404b527c53625a21cf0a8f486fa95c4f462c53457bb47f3bc4b270e39" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~follows~c-124-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-124/20", "id": "eu:c-124-20-62020cj0124", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-124-20-62020cj0124" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_437" ], "excerpt": "According to settled case-law, for the purpose of interpreting a provision of EU law it is necessary to consider not only its wording but also its context and the objectives of the legislation of which it forms part (judgment of 21 December 2021, Bank Melli Iran, C-124/20 , EU:C:2021:1035 , paragrap", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "9290ab349f82b8af498c86ab75262c321a49d924e80deb21cdc7372d412865a9" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~follows~c-136-17", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-136/17", "id": "eu:c-136-17-62017cj0136", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-136-17-62017cj0136" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_447" ], "excerpt": "The contrary interpretation would, moreover, run counter to the purpose of Article 8(1) of Directive 95/46 and Article 9(1) of the GDPR, namely to ensure enhanced protection as regards processing which, because of the particular sensitivity of the data processed, is liable to constitute, as follows ", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "2df55305e77818c9c92ed88be3d194bb3e85daed4ae64de193abd871d531e876" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~follows~c-175-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-175/20", "id": "eu:c-175-20-62020cj0175", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-175-20-62020cj0175" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_318", "para_338" ], "excerpt": "In particular, all processing of personal data was required, before the GDPR was applicable, to comply with the principles relating to data quality and the criteria for making data processing legitimate set out in Articles 6 and 7 of that directive and, once the GDPR was applicable, to comply with t", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "889b468af84fc5a83812d49c932aa6d2869ea8e30288c2e7901bf721dd2cf4fd" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~follows~c-230-14", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-230/14", "id": "eu:c-230-14", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-230-14" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_324" ], "excerpt": "Furthermore, the operation of loading personal data on an internet page constitutes processing, within the meaning of Article 2(b) of Directive 95/46 and Article 4(2) of the GDPR (see, to that effect, judgment of 1 October 2015, Weltimmo, C-230/14 , EU:C:2015:639 , paragraph 37 ), in respect of whic", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "b6c28c9d1190177c85811b5d7e9a9541e1d45d62a95ab92e1106a3660bdbcc4a" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~follows~c-314-96", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-314/96", "id": "eu:c-314-96", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-314-96" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_285" ], "excerpt": "In that regard, it should be recalled that, in accordance with settled case-law, the procedure provided for in Article 267 TFEU is an instrument of cooperation between the Court of Justice and the national courts, by means of which the Court provides the national courts with the points of interpreta", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "8667a00f252f4bfad3463357566bbedcbfc60b37086a70324951f348ab876360" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~follows~c-439-19", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-439/19", "id": "eu:c-439-19", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-439-19" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_318", "para_324", "para_328", "para_334", "para_358", "para_364", "para_400" ], "excerpt": "In particular, all processing of personal data was required, before the GDPR was applicable, to comply with the principles relating to data quality and the criteria for making data processing legitimate set out in Articles 6 and 7 of that directive and, once the GDPR was applicable, to comply with t", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "2c4841cc766d4d177808e66ed0ef8ec897b2a8dbdfb49f5bd581b911957ee889" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~follows~c-67-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-67/20", "id": null, "url": null }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_285" ], "excerpt": "In that regard, it should be recalled that, in accordance with settled case-law, the procedure provided for in Article 267 TFEU is an instrument of cooperation between the Court of Justice and the national courts, by means of which the Court provides the national courts with the points of interpreta", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "5adc474e0a1e4a25f8a6e16283e6ce92d0f3171a6c907e1881db603c5bdb06a0" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~follows~c-69-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-69/20", "id": null, "url": null }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_285" ], "excerpt": "In that regard, it should be recalled that, in accordance with settled case-law, the procedure provided for in Article 267 TFEU is an instrument of cooperation between the Court of Justice and the national courts, by means of which the Court provides the national courts with the points of interpreta", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "38cb306044158ba21788ccd0a4d14bcadff44901a2094f1ce46e983c30ef350b" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~follows~c-708-18", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-708/18", "id": "eu:c-708-18", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-708-18" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_380", "para_392" ], "excerpt": "Third, in any event, it is to be borne in mind that the condition relating to the necessity of processing must be examined in conjunction with the ‘data minimisation’ principle, enshrined in Article 6(1)(c) of Directive 95/46 and Article 5(1)(c) of the GDPR, under which personal data must be adequat", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "08900acd82604e9638698a8eb2be2cd3540cbc41f1e5afeaa4f40e9890d19ee5" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~cites~c-131-12", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-131/12", "id": null, "url": null }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_416" ], "excerpt": "Furthermore, as follows from paragraph 86 of the present judgment, for the purpose of that balancing exercise, account must be taken inter alia of the fact that the general interest in personal data being published may vary according to the importance of the duties carried out by the declarant, in p", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "9001a9fb06d82a3be2905d3f326fa3d6476f4b73020bc3ce597c4d76e1f09022" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~cites~c-140-20", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-140/20", "id": "eu:c-140-20", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-140-20" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_390" ], "excerpt": "Finally, it must be borne in mind that an objective of general interest may not be pursued without having regard to the fact that it must be reconciled with the fundamental rights affected by the measure, by properly balancing the objective of general interest against the rights at issue (judgment o", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "259538c543fabf8873fdb2b54fefa62e8187b45cc09c14398b9bff48143c7ada" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~cites~c-160-20", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-160/20", "id": "eu:c-160-20", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-160-20" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_287" ], "excerpt": "The Court may refuse to rule on a question referred for a preliminary ruling by a national court only where it is quite obvious that the interpretation of EU law that is sought bears no relation to the actual facts of the main action or its purpose, where the problem is hypothetical, or where the Co", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "9af145ea6315f6cd4d69fcb075bbe3e61abd065b5475e5e4ef2ecf671f48fa16" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~cites~c-398-15", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-398/15", "id": "eu:c-398-15", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-398-15" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_324" ], "excerpt": "Where information intended to be published on the Chief Ethics Commission’s website relates to natural persons identified by their forename and surname, it constitutes personal data, within the meaning of Article 2(a) of Directive 95/46 and Article 4(1) of the GDPR, and the fact that that informatio", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "177d0feb6bec053c77795337dd9e9e24361539890576e4c0d81dd3f921d92310" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-184-20~cites~c-507-17", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:c-184-20", "to": { "ref": "C-507/17", "id": "eu:c-507-17", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-507-17" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_414" ], "excerpt": "In that context, the weighing of the interference resulting from the publication of personal data contained in the declarations of private interest against the objectives of general interest of preventing conflicts of interest and corruption in the public sector involves taking into consideration, i", "decided": "2022-08-01", "hash": "d17c754149e23f3f3cd4233205acc299fc9f9ca005605d2d95532f7e9b6b3116" } ], "incoming": [ { "edge_id": "edge:eu:62020cj0037~cites~c-184-20", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:62020cj0037", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62020cj0037", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_294", "para_298", "para_385" ], "excerpt": "In addition, it is inherent in making that information available to the general public in such a manner that it is then accessible to a potentially unlimited number of persons, with the result that such processing of personal data is liable to enable that information to be freely accessed also by pe" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-129-21-62021cj0129~cites~c-184-20", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:c-129-21-62021cj0129", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-129-21-62021cj0129", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_213" ], "excerpt": "The Court may refuse to rule on a question referred for a preliminary ruling by a national court only where it is quite obvious that the interpretation of EU law that is sought bears no relation to the actual facts of the main action or its purpose, where the problem is hypothetical, or where the Co" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-200-23-62023cj0200~follows~c-184-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-200-23-62023cj0200", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-200-23-62023cj0200", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_492" ], "excerpt": "It is thus for the Member States, in the context of the implementation of the obligations imposed by that directive, to ensure that the objectives of legal certainty and protection of the interests of third parties pursued by that directive and recalled in paragraph 77 of the present judgment, are r" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204~follows~c-184-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-204-21-62021cj0204", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_525", "para_526", "para_536", "para_538", "para_539", "para_541", "para_543", "para_548", "para_549", "para_554", "para_557", "para_561" ], "excerpt": "Accordingly, that processing falls within the situation envisaged in point (c) of the first subparagraph of Article 6(1) of the GDPR (see, to that effect, judgment of 1 August 2022, Vyriausioji tarnybinės etikos komisija , C-184/20, EU:C:2022:601, paragraph 71)." }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-205-21~follows~c-184-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-205-21", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-205-21", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_438" ], "excerpt": "In that regard, first, it must be borne in mind, as is apparent from recital 26 of Directive 2016/680, that the requirement of necessity is met where the objective pursued by the data processing at issue cannot reasonably be achieved just as effectively by other means less restrictive of the fundame" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-21-23-62023cj0021~follows~c-184-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-21-23-62023cj0021", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-21-23-62023cj0021", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_192", "para_263", "para_275", "para_277", "para_279", "para_291" ], "excerpt": "In that regard, the Court has already held that, having regard to the objective of Directive 95/46 and the GDPR, which is to ensure a high level of protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons, in particular of their private life, with respect to the processing of personal da" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-252-21~follows~c-184-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-252-21", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-252-21", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_425" ], "excerpt": "Furthermore, as the Court has held, where it can be found that the processing of personal data is necessary in respect of one of the justifications provided for in points (b) to (f) of the first subparagraph of Article 6(1) of the GDPR, it is not necessary to determine whether that processing also f" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-312-24~follows~c-184-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-312-24", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-312-24", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_355" ], "excerpt": "It should be noted at the outset that, under Article 1(2) of the GDPR, read in conjunction with recitals 4 and 10, that regulation has the objective in particular of ensuring a high level of protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons with respect to the processing of person" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-319-22~cites~c-184-20", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:c-319-22", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-319-22", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_234" ], "excerpt": "Therefore, the objective referred to in the preceding paragraph is in the public interest and, accordingly, legitimate (see, by analogy, judgment of 1 August 2022, Vyriausioji tarnybinės etikos komisija, C-184/20 , EU:C:2022:601 , paragraph 75 )." }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-332-21~follows~c-184-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-332-21", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-332-21", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_228" ], "excerpt": "According to the settled case-law of the Court, the procedure provided for in Article 267 TFEU is an instrument of cooperation between the Court and the national courts by means of which the Court provides the national courts with the points of interpretation of EU law which they need in order to de" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-34-21-62021cj0034~follows~c-184-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-34-21-62021cj0034", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-34-21-62021cj0034", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_186", "para_246" ], "excerpt": "Furthermore, under Article 1(2) of the GDPR, read in conjunction with recital 10, that regulation has the objective in particular of ensuring a high level of protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons with respect to the processing of personal data; that right is also recog" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-37-24-62024cj0037~follows~c-184-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-37-24-62024cj0037", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-37-24-62024cj0037", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_264" ], "excerpt": "According to the Court’s settled case-law, the procedure provided for in Article 267 TFEU is an instrument of cooperation between the Court and the national courts, by means of which the Court provides the national courts with the points of interpretation of EU law which they need in order to decide" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-460-20-62020cj0460~distinguishes~c-184-20", "type": "distinguishes", "label_sv": "särskiljer", "from": "eu:c-460-20-62020cj0460", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-460-20-62020cj0460", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_264" ], "excerpt": "In that regard, there is no need to distinguish between the provisions of Directive 95/46 and those of the GDPR referred to in the second question referred for a preliminary ruling, since the scope of all of those provisions must be regarded as similar for the purposes of the interpretation which th" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-474-24~follows~c-184-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-474-24", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-474-24", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_222", "para_223", "para_234", "para_235" ], "excerpt": "The Court noted that the requirements laid down in that provision constitute an expression of the requirements arising from Article 52(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the Charter’), with the result that they must be interpreted in the light, in particular, of that art" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-492-23~follows~c-184-20", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-492-23", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-492-23", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_282", "para_331", "para_333" ], "excerpt": "Under Article 1(2) of the GDPR, read in the light of recitals 4 and 10 thereof, that regulation 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