{"attribution":{"source":"legal.exploreworldai.com","canonical":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:m-l-c-209-23","cite_as":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:m-l-c-209-23)","license":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision","version":"legal-2026-11-02","fingerprint":"ewai:se:c7449d","proof":"sha256:bd35d49b10bd8e18c00b5e15f80007e7a4dee5427f3caaef7c1bda4d4fdd0387","jurisdiction":"se","lang":"en","publisher":"NovaCopilot by ExploreWorld Legal","terms":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/om"},"brand_source":"Source: 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On the contrary, competition on the merits may, by definition, lead to the departure from the market or the marginalisation of competitors which are less efficient and so less attractive to consumers from the point of view of, among other things, price, choice, quality or innovation (judgment of","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"5eba6593501c3dd14a177a51e2fc81c08dce2854efbab754e123aa1238c03b7c"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~overrules~c-439-19","type":"overrules","label_sv":"frångår","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-439/19","id":"eu:c-439-19","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-439-19"},"paragraph_ids":["para_750","para_751","para_752","para_782"],"excerpt":"349 Since the data to which Article 10 of the GDPR refers relate to behaviour that gives rise to social disapproval, the grant of access to such data is liable to stigmatise the data subject and thereby to constitute a serious interference with his or her private or professional life (judgment of 22","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"06f540308acd18b94edeae9ce9c5d276f66c016e59d6cca928bb1fde2fb76af6"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~overrules~c-48-22","type":"overrules","label_sv":"frångår","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-48/22","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_649","para_651","para_652"],"excerpt":"257 The analytical framework used for exclusionary abuse turns on an assessment of whether, first, the conduct in question departs from competition on the merits and, second, that conduct may produce actual or potential effects capable of restricting competition, by excluding equally efficient compe","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"21c251785a89070029f5c0f2d9e4f830160bf4e9a2d93bd6729877f5bef5d221"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~distinguishes~c-49-07","type":"distinguishes","label_sv":"särskiljer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-49/07","id":"eu:c-49-07","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-49-07"},"paragraph_ids":["para_632"],"excerpt":"242 It is true that, unlike the facts which gave rise to the judgments of 1 July 2008, MOTOE (C-49/07, EU:C:2008:376) and of 21 December 2023, European Superleague Company (C-333/21, EU:C:2023:1011), FIFA is not itself an operator active on those markets and, in particular, on those likely to be pri","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"4c51d2cefd8037bf4185566c14f86da3db30ab30b668f3f16c3c67c2662e6737"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-105-12","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-105/12","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_570","para_571"],"excerpt":"184 That said, although an objective of a purely economic nature can neither constitute an overriding reason in the public interest capable of justifying an obstacle to a fundamental freedom guaranteed by the FEU Treaty nor be relied on the basis of the case-law referred to in paragraph 176 of the p","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"af765824c081fd08744a76e3b2f2e2edf04ae7c004d21abad6303bbd1d7e8775"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-106-22","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-106/22","id":"eu:c-106-22","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-106-22"},"paragraph_ids":["para_571"],"excerpt":"In that context, that court must also satisfy itself that those objectives are not diverted from their specific function to serve, in fact, purely economic ends (see, to that effect, judgments of 14 March 2000, Église de scientologie , C-54/99, EU:C:2000:124, paragraph 17, and of 13 July 2023, Xella","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"e72242cc15b72720fdee4977b4abe622976f0a809014707a47f76e67cec1fa80"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-107-12","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-107/12","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_570","para_571"],"excerpt":"184 That said, although an objective of a purely economic nature can neither constitute an overriding reason in the public interest capable of justifying an obstacle to a fundamental freedom guaranteed by the FEU Treaty nor be relied on the basis of the case-law referred to in paragraph 176 of the p","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"596d3de8638034fe960e754e002e606aa49f4ba83eb5a518a85178c2e7ae26dd"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-124-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-124/21","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_484"],"excerpt":"110 In any event, the assessment carried out to that effect must show the precise reasons such as to justify a finding that all or part of the agreement between undertakings, decision by an association of undertakings or concerted practice has as its object the prevention, restriction or distortion ","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"f58d6fd4d0c37a2cdc23ddde75fe97e0880ecb915bad1a45f36735f433a242ae"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-127-19","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-127/19","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_485"],"excerpt":"111 As regards the dispute in the main proceedings, it should be borne in mind that, in the framework of the preliminary ruling procedure provided for in Article 267 TFEU, the Court is empowered not to apply the rules of EU law to a particular case, of which, moreover, it has only knowledge limited ","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"27f38065c1a18f0e61ddecc78d0b6c44daf20aa5fbc58c6423232c741b826f15"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-128-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-128/21","id":"eu:c-128-21","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-128-21"},"paragraph_ids":["para_497"],"excerpt":"120 As regards, first, a rule such as that laid down in Article 15(2) of the FFAR, which sets a remuneration cap for agents calculated as a percentage of the transfer fee or the annual remuneration of the player or coach, it follows, admittedly, from the Court’s case-law that certain collusive condu","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"3d698ba5c5692c4c6f15fc397fb075c757ee020ab534ace73e8c5282c70caf61"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-133-24","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-133/24","id":"eu:c-133-24","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-133-24"},"paragraph_ids":["para_435","para_449","para_470","para_474","para_475","para_483","para_484","para_564","para_565","para_572","para_574"],"excerpt":"80 Those various specific characteristics support a finding that it is legitimate to subject the organisation and conduct of such competitions, at international, European and national levels, to common rules intended to guarantee their homogeneity and coordination within an overall match calendar as","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"8dd6ea64921071122f0f308d19f8b116ec2e11f1661d357dd85d35a865df2680"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-161-24","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-161/24","id":"eu:c-161-24-62024cj0161","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-161-24-62024cj0161"},"paragraph_ids":["para_661"],"excerpt":"269 In particular, the conduct of an undertaking in a dominant position consisting in imposing on its customers or suppliers trading conditions which are unreasonable in relation to the type of transaction or the value of the product or service placed on the market constitutes such abuse (see, to th","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"011f637c0d06fc5f3138c7f85a72cbab1367f7be4db05904e11f59e1659712c9"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-17-22","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-17/22","id":"eu:c-17-22","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-17-22"},"paragraph_ids":["para_719","para_720"],"excerpt":"322 In that context, it should also be recalled that the condition relating to the need for processing must be examined in conjunction with the ‘data minimisation’ principle enshrined in Article 5(1)(c) of the GDPR, in accordance with which personal data must be adequate, relevant and limited to wha","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"7a80131fcb1f16d5cc3206b164ad9909057ff7e004bcee25b3ea657185670a34"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-177-16","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-177/16","id":"eu:c-177-16","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-177-16"},"paragraph_ids":["para_645","para_661","para_668"],"excerpt":"253 The types of conduct capable of constituting an abuse of a dominant position include not only those classified as ‘exclusionary abuse’, that is to say, capable of excluding competitors from one or more of the markets concerned by recourse to means which do not come within the scope of competitio","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"905ab86a35d5d215db52bdf7f4d01ea72964e059359743aebac427391f056cf5"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-18-22","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-18/22","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_719","para_720"],"excerpt":"322 In that context, it should also be recalled that the condition relating to the need for processing must be examined in conjunction with the ‘data minimisation’ principle enshrined in Article 5(1)(c) of the GDPR, in accordance with which personal data must be adequate, relevant and limited to wha","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"d7299b4c364f6a4269986dec0fd97ebb2426fa54ad7769519a85e6586eaadd7c"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-191-97","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-191/97","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_679"],"excerpt":"285 Even though that provision is principally addressed to Member States, it may nevertheless apply where a group or organisation exercises a certain power over individuals and is in a position to impose on them conditions equivalent to those which a Member State would itself be in a position to imp","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"301bd8d64fc73686df592c5417a307e30df0d28c72aa4be2e9360885711d40ce"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-195-19","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-195/19","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_485"],"excerpt":"111 As regards the dispute in the main proceedings, it should be borne in mind that, in the framework of the preliminary ruling procedure provided for in Article 267 TFEU, the Court is empowered not to apply the rules of EU law to a particular case, of which, moreover, it has only knowledge limited ","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"4c314f2f8a91090e4e6c537c99d59bf97dcc8bbc6bd53c7b715d1b23cd73f091"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-22-18","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-22/18","id":"eu:c-22-18-62018cj0022","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-22-18-62018cj0022"},"paragraph_ids":["para_679"],"excerpt":"285 Even though that provision is principally addressed to Member States, it may nevertheless apply where a group or organisation exercises a certain power over individuals and is in a position to impose on them conditions equivalent to those which a Member State would itself be in a position to imp","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"d63b03faa52a32810290326e8b1d5943f4a9bdd5442e12ba556ebca56f9ef4cb"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-233-23","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-233/23","id":"eu:c-233-23-62023cj0233","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-233-23-62023cj0233"},"paragraph_ids":["para_668","para_671"],"excerpt":"278 Second, as regards the possibility for an undertaking to rely on the fact that its conduct is objectively necessary because of specific and legitimate constraints, it should be borne in mind that the situations which the case-law has already recognised as capable of characterising the existence ","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"982c30aa1d3e62b2b2e27b0dbb95ba04e2f338f603d343ae8b75aa126e4d1480"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-252-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-252/21","id":"eu:c-252-21","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-252-21"},"paragraph_ids":["para_716"],"excerpt":"319 According to settled case-law, that provision thus lays down three cumulative requirements, namely, first, that the controller or a third party is pursuing a legitimate interest; second, that processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interest pursued; and, third, that the intere","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"72c303fcab83489ce3347ef07daa6fa6d612f972f83fd83c5aea933793d8ae04"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-254-23","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-254/23","id":"eu:c-254-23","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-254-23"},"paragraph_ids":["para_487","para_570","para_571","para_693"],"excerpt":"184 That said, although an objective of a purely economic nature can neither constitute an overriding reason in the public interest capable of justifying an obstacle to a fundamental freedom guaranteed by the FEU Treaty nor be relied on the basis of the case-law referred to in paragraph 176 of the p","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"218ad23001c98d71e578fa1b7cf025808d694aaac0625c699ca7c17aea0c8c0f"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-268-21","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-268/21","id":"eu:c-268-21","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-268-21"},"paragraph_ids":["para_713"],"excerpt":"In particular, any processing of personal data must, first, comply with the principles set out in Article 5 of that regulation and, second, satisfy at least one of the alternative lawfulness conditions listed in the first subparagraph of Article 6(1) of that regulation (see, to that effect, judgment","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"9150fd3358b618bae373c8f032da71029799c36d60aa79b202c199d28c120943"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-291-19","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-291/19","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_485"],"excerpt":"111 As regards the dispute in the main proceedings, it should be borne in mind that, in the framework of the preliminary ruling procedure provided for in Article 267 TFEU, the Court is empowered not to apply the rules of EU law to a particular case, of which, moreover, it has only knowledge limited ","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"561824bfea37cce44f3a0274c49109d1afacb45ad31936a715880e2f38abb15f"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-298-22","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-298/22","id":"eu:c-298-22","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-298-22"},"paragraph_ids":["para_477","para_480","para_542","para_543","para_544"],"excerpt":"103 In that regard, first of all, in order to examine the content of the rules established by the agreement, decision or practice at issue, it is necessary to examine their various aspects in order to identify the type of coordination which those rules establish and, accordingly, to determine whethe","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"8635e78de2ba75d35cbda848ef91a0a8271c28be35b98893683c3dcfaaa668c7"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-3-95","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-3/95","id":"eu:c-3-95","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-3-95"},"paragraph_ids":["para_574"],"excerpt":"188 The first three objectives referred to in the preceding paragraph of the present judgment constitute legitimate objectives in the public interest, within the meaning of the case-law referred to in paragraph 176 of this judgment, which, in the light of what has been stated in paragraph 81 of this","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"d83687a754e36d17de075bd823daa72bd01fae1e516fe5caa765b24b3f8f9cb7"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-309-99","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-309/99","id":"eu:c-309-99","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-309-99"},"paragraph_ids":["para_406","para_575"],"excerpt":"Nonetheless, that fact is not relevant for the purposes of applying the case-law referred to in paragraph 176 of the present judgment, since that case-law is not, after all, specific to sport (see, to that effect and by analogy, judgment of 19 February 2002, Wouters and Others , C-309/99, EU:C:2002:","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"08da1181e39e3b79670b17bdea77b0d90993faa238ba6b56ad3a2188aa2cfcba"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-325-08","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-325/08","id":"eu:c-325-08","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-325-08"},"paragraph_ids":["para_680"],"excerpt":"286 Article 56 TFEU is therefore capable of precluding any regulations adopted by an international sports body which obstruct the exercise of that freedom by prohibiting, impeding or rendering less attractive, for any providers in one Member State, the pursuit of their activities in another Member S","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"767805e8a8316f7ea880dc82e1ef0673e4a60386363e24237187251ef5a2bd6f"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-355-19","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-355/19","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_485"],"excerpt":"111 As regards the dispute in the main proceedings, it should be borne in mind that, in the framework of the preliminary ruling procedure provided for in Article 267 TFEU, the Court is empowered not to apply the rules of EU law to a particular case, of which, moreover, it has only knowledge limited ","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"18a83e3b57ee4c710144e1677fd44fa11afa9cb9550aecfe781222f567e2252f"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-37-20","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-37/20","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_722"],"excerpt":"325 Moreover, although the fact that the personal data concerned may relate to activities of a professional nature does not, in itself, exclude them either from the protection conferred by the fundamental right to respect for private life, guaranteed by Article 7 of the Charter, or from the 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Europea","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"787b9ec68d70a6795b639595c90c2ae62b8c70ec3eb1d4044d642ddf84aabd2e"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-394-23","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-394/23","id":"eu:c-394-23-62023cj0394","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-394-23-62023cj0394"},"paragraph_ids":["para_716","para_717","para_718","para_719","para_723"],"excerpt":"319 According to settled case-law, that provision thus lays down three cumulative requirements, namely, first, that the controller or a third party is pursuing a legitimate interest; second, that processing is necessary for the purposes of the legitimate interest pursued; and, third, that the 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anothe","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"e7b7652a43b19e56de1f41ceadbfb3ab8e238ae2d48c0cb066f5ef6a58c0ba87"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-541-20","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-541/20","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_693"],"excerpt":"As regards the requirement for those measures to be necessary, it must be ascertained that there was no alternative measure which would have been less restrictive, while equally effective in achieving the objective pursued (see, to that effect and by analogy, judgments of 4 October 2024, Lithuania a","decided":"2026-07-16","hash":"adf20d53ad0076462a9c6819ee0d53cf058749b3051745682fad77952130dbc8"},{"edge_id":"edge:eu:m-l-c-209-23~follows~c-555-20","type":"follows","label_sv":"följer","from":"eu:m-l-c-209-23","to":{"ref":"C-555/20","id":null,"url":null},"paragraph_ids":["para_693"],"excerpt":"As regards the requirement for those measures to be necessary, it must be ascertained that there 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