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        "excerpt": "In that context, the mere fact that a professional activity, the exercise of which leads to a material advantage, may be classified as ‘honorary’ under national law is irrelevant as regards the applicability of the Framework Agreement, as otherwise, in reserving to Member States the ability to remov",
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        "excerpt": "Thus, since the order for reference serves as the basis for the procedure before the Court, it is essential that the national court should, in that order, expand on the factual and legal context of the dispute in the main proceedings and give at the very least some explanation of the reasons for the",
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        "excerpt": "In that regard, it follows from the case-law that the fact that judges are subject to terms of service and that they might be regarded as workers in no way undermines the principle of the independence of the judiciary or the right of the Member States to provide for a particular status governing the",
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        "excerpt": "Thus, since the order for reference serves as the basis for the procedure before the Court, it is essential that the national court should, in that order, expand on the factual and legal context of the dispute in the main proceedings and give at the very least some explanation of the reasons for the",
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        "excerpt": "It is ultimately for the national court to apply that concept of ‘worker’ in any classification, and the national court must base that classification on objective criteria and make an overall assessment of all the circumstances of the case brought before it, having regard both to the nature of the a",
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        "excerpt": "The Framework Agreement therefore applies to all workers providing remunerated services in the context of a fixed-term employment relationship linking them with their employer, provided that they are linked by an employment contract or relationship within the meaning of national law, subject to the ",
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        "excerpt": "The mere fact that the fixed-term worker completed those periods of service on the basis of an employment relationship or contract for a fixed term does not constitute such an objective ground (see, to that effect, judgment of 20 September 2018, Motter, C-466/17 , EU:C:2018:758 , paragraph 39 ).",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "As regards the requirement of independence considered under its second - and internal - aspect, referred to in paragraph 50 above, as noted by the Advocate General in point 51 of her Opinion, it is sufficient to state that the Court has had occasion to answer a number of requests for preliminary rul",
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        "excerpt": "In that regard, it is sufficient to note that it is not for the Court to call into question the referring court’s assessment of the admissibility of the action in the main proceedings, which falls, in the context of the preliminary ruling proceedings, within the jurisdiction of the national court; n",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "In that regard, it is sufficient to note that it is not for the Court to call into question the referring court’s assessment of the admissibility of the action in the main proceedings, which falls, in the context of the preliminary ruling proceedings, within the jurisdiction of the national court; n",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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          "para_212"
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        "excerpt": "As regards the requirement of independence considered under its second - and internal - aspect, referred to in paragraph 50 above, as noted by the Advocate General in point 51 of her Opinion, it is sufficient to state that the Court has had occasion to answer a number of requests for preliminary rul",
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        "excerpt": "In the third place, it must be borne in mind that, according to the Court’s settled case-law, the principle of non-discrimination, of which clause 4(1) of the Framework Agreement is a specific expression, requires that comparable situations should not be treated differently and different situations ",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "K. and Others (Independence of the Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court), C-585/18, C-624/18 and C-625/18 , EU:C:2019:982 , paragraph 98 and the case-law cited, and of 19 October 2017, Paper Consult, C-101/16 , EU:C:2017:775 , paragraph 29 and the case-law cited).",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "If questions 1 and 2 are answered in the affirmative, is Article 47 of [the Charter], read in conjunction with Article 267 TFEU, and in the light of the case-law of the [Court] concerning the liability of the Italian State for manifest infringement of [EU] law by courts adjudicating at last instance",
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        "excerpt": "The Court has held that that provision aims to apply the principle of non-discrimination to fixed-term workers in order to prevent an employer using such an employment relationship to deny those workers rights which are recognised for permanent workers (judgment of 22 January 2020, Baldonedo Martín,",
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        "excerpt": "On the contrary, it follows from that article that a national court may refer a question to the Court only if there is a case pending before it and if it is called upon to give judgment in proceedings intended to lead to a decision of a judicial nature (judgments of 16 December 2008, Cartesio, C-210",
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        "excerpt": "If question 1 is answered in the affirmative, is the work carried out by the applicant giudice di pace [magistrate] covered by the term “fixed-term worker” for the purpose of Article 1(3) and Article 7 of Directive 2003/88, read in conjunction with clause 2 of [the Framework Agreement] and Article 3",
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        "excerpt": "Does a giudice di pace [magistrate], when making a request for a preliminary ruling, meet the definition of an ordinary European court having jurisdiction to make a request for a preliminary ruling pursuant to Article 267 TFEU, even though - in breach of the guarantees of the independence and impart",
        "decided": "2020-07-16",
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        "excerpt": "If questions 1 and 2 are answered in the affirmative, is Article 47 of [the Charter], read in conjunction with Article 267 TFEU, and in the light of the case-law of the [Court] concerning the liability of the Italian State for manifest infringement of [EU] law by courts adjudicating at last instance",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Moreover, the Court has held that the Framework Agreement does not exclude any specific sector and the provisions laid down in that agreement are intended to apply to fixed-term employment contracts and relationships concluded with the public authorities and other public-sector bodies (order of 19 M",
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        "excerpt": "If questions 1 and 2 are answered in the affirmative, is Article 47 of [the Charter], read in conjunction with Article 267 TFEU, and in the light of the case-law of the [Court] concerning the liability of the Italian State for manifest infringement of [EU] law by courts adjudicating at last instance",
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        "excerpt": "The Court must abide by the decision from a court of a Member State requesting a preliminary ruling in so far as that decision has not been overturned in any appeal procedures provided for by national law (judgments of 7 July 2016, Genentech, C-567/14 , EU:C:2016:526 , paragraph 23 , and of 11 July ",
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        "excerpt": "It should be added that, in those circumstances, such a situation is different from those at issue, in particular, in the case giving rise to the orders of 6 September 2018, Di Girolamo ( C-472/17 , not published, EU:C:2018:684 ), and of 17 December 2019, Di Girolamo ( C-618/18 , not published, EU:C",
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        "excerpt": "Does a giudice di pace [magistrate], when making a request for a preliminary ruling, meet the definition of an ordinary European court having jurisdiction to make a request for a preliminary ruling pursuant to Article 267 TFEU, even though - in breach of the guarantees of the independence and impart",
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        "excerpt": "The Court must abide by the decision from a court of a Member State requesting a preliminary ruling in so far as that decision has not been overturned in any appeal procedures provided for by national law (judgments of 7 July 2016, Genentech, C-567/14 , EU:C:2016:526 , paragraph 23 , and of 11 July ",
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        "excerpt": "It should be added that, in those circumstances, such a situation is different from those at issue, in particular, in the case giving rise to the orders of 6 September 2018, Di Girolamo ( C-472/17 , not published, EU:C:2018:684 ), and of 17 December 2019, Di Girolamo ( C-618/18 , not published, EU:C",
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        "excerpt": "K. and Others (Independence of the Disciplinary Chamber of the Supreme Court), C-585/18, C-624/18 and C-625/18 , EU:C:2019:982 ).",
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        "excerpt": "Further, given that ‘employment conditions’ within the meaning of Clause 4(1) of the framework agreement on fixed-term work cover the constituent parts of remuneration, including the level of those constituent parts, the right to paid annual leave and the conditions relating to retirement pensions w"
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        "excerpt": "As regards, in the first place, the provisions relied on in the questions raised, the referring court notes that the assessment procedure constitutes a measure adopted to respond to the European Commission’s requests and to the judgment of 16 July 2020, Governo della Repubblica italiana (Status of I"
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        "excerpt": "That concept must be defined in accordance with objective criteria which distinguish the employment relationship by reference to the rights and duties of the persons concerned (judgment of 16 July 2020, Governo della Repubblica italiana (Status of Italian magistrates), C-658/18 , EU:C:2020:572 , par"
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