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        "excerpt": "According to settled case-law of the Court, the free movement of capital may be limited by national legislation only if it is justified by one of the reasons mentioned in Article 65 TFEU or by overriding reasons in the public interest as defined in the Court’s case-law, to the extent that there are ",
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        "excerpt": "It should also be borne in mind that the principle of proportionality has to be observed, not only as regards the determination of factors constituting an infringement, but also the determination of the rules concerning the severity of fines and the assessment of the factors which may be taken into ",
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        "excerpt": "In that regard, it should be observed, in the first place, as regards the issue of whether the national legislation at issue in the main proceedings is appropriate for ensuring attainment of the objectives pursued that, according to the settled case-law of the Court, national legislation is appropri",
        "decided": "2021-10-06",
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        "excerpt": "In that regard, it should be observed, in the first place, as regards the issue of whether the national legislation at issue in the main proceedings is appropriate for ensuring attainment of the objectives pursued that, according to the settled case-law of the Court, national legislation is appropri",
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        "excerpt": "They must, however, exercise their powers in accordance with EU law and its general principles, and, consequently, in accordance with the principle of proportionality (judgments of 16 July 2015, Chmielewski, C-255/14 , EU:C:2015:475 , paragraph 21 and the case-law cited, and of 2 June 2016, Kapnovio",
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        "excerpt": "In that context, the Court has stated that the severity of penalties must be commensurate with the seriousness of the infringements for which they are imposed, in particular by ensuring a genuinely dissuasive effect, while respecting the general principle of proportionality (see, to that effect, jud",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "In that regard, it should be borne in mind that the severity of a penalty must correspond to the seriousness of the offence concerned, that requirement following both from Article 52(1) of the Charter and from the principle of proportionality of penalties in Article 49(3) of the Charter (see, to tha",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "It should be observed, in that regard, that the articles of the FEU Treaty relating to the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital are fundamental provisions of EU law and that any restriction of that freedom, however minor, is prohibited (see, to that effect, judgment of 5 December 20",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "While it is ultimately for the national court, which has sole jurisdiction to assess the facts and interpret the national legislation, to determine whether those requirements are met in the case in point, the Court, in the context of a reference for a preliminary ruling, may provide the referring co",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Furthermore, in accordance with the Court’s case-law, the measures prohibited by Article 63(1) TFEU, as restrictions on the movement of capital, include those that are such as to discourage non-residents from making investments in a Member State or to discourage that Member State’s residents from do",
        "decided": "2021-10-06",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "As a preliminary remark, it should be noted that while, in the absence of common or harmonised rules concerning the circumstances in which and the methods by which Member States may restrict cash payments domestically, they are free to introduce such restrictions, they are nevertheless obliged to ma",
        "decided": "2021-10-06",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "In relation, first, to the nature of those measures, persons falling within the scope of that directive are - just as they were under Directive 2005/60 - subject to a number of obligations due to their involvement in the execution of a transaction or a financial activity, namely, inter alia, to iden",
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        "to": {
          "ref": "C-81/15",
          "id": "eu:c-81-15",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-81-15"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_288"
        ],
        "excerpt": "They must, however, exercise their powers in accordance with EU law and its general principles, and, consequently, in accordance with the principle of proportionality (judgments of 16 July 2015, Chmielewski, C-255/14 , EU:C:2015:475 , paragraph 21 and the case-law cited, and of 2 June 2016, Kapnovio",
        "decided": "2021-10-06",
        "hash": "7953c3b42ca41ee360ece7136cc8bd1c0e7c8e5029e07a605d2ffdb789fb08a2"
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        "type": "cites",
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        "from": "eu:c-544-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-35/98",
          "id": "eu:c-35-98",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-35-98"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_172"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In the first place, referring to the judgment of 6 June 2000, Verkooijen ( C-35/98 , EU:C:2000:294 ), the referring court states that the concept of ‘capital movements’ includes, in particular, the receipt of dividends on shares in commercial companies.",
        "decided": "2021-10-06",
        "hash": "3b94ab649e232b93cbf04767d7d13db05371d56383be79fe7ee901cbb469c9fc"
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-544-19~cites~c-524-15",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-544-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-524/15",
          "id": "eu:c-524-15",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-524-15"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_302",
          "para_304",
          "para_308",
          "para_310"
        ],
        "excerpt": "The first criterion is the legal classification of the offence under national law, the second is the intrinsic nature of the offence, and the third is the degree of severity of the penalty that the person concerned is liable to incur (judgment of 20 March 2018, Menci, C-524/15 , EU:C:2018:197 , para",
        "decided": "2021-10-06",
        "hash": "620e228af7d2908cbdfa60bcdeaaa042cf44a802683c7ff20bf1bb64fbc4c776"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-544-19~cites~c-685-15",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-544-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-685/15",
          "id": "eu:c-685-15",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-685-15"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_294"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It should be pointed out, in that regard, that where a Member State enacts a measure that derogates from a fundamental freedom guaranteed by the FEU Treaty, such as the free movement of capital, that measure falls within the scope of EU law (see, by analogy, judgment of 14 June 2017, Online Games an",
        "decided": "2021-10-06",
        "hash": "d8305fdbaa216c3a190f528fd5cb1ba8bd430481583ec0fc785f8d308753f4e6"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-544-19~cites~c-78-18",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-544-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-78/18",
          "id": "eu:c-78-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-78-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_244"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It follows from consistent case-law of the Court that the concept of a ‘restriction’ in Article 63 TFEU covers, generally, any restriction on movements of capital both between Member States and between Member States and third countries (judgment of 18 June 2020, Commission v Hungary (Transparency of",
        "decided": "2021-10-06",
        "hash": "1eb6f2768aa225aa281ff9dc799fcccb586e020530d26306371d8109f613fea8"
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      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-544-19~cites~c-94-05",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-544-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-94/05",
          "id": "eu:c-94-05",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-94-05"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_328"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It should be observed in that regard that the amount of the fines provided for by the national legislation at issue in the main proceedings is not absolute, but increases in a linear fashion to reflect the amount paid in breach of that legislation and, accordingly, to reflect the extent and seriousn",
        "decided": "2021-10-06",
        "hash": "aea4bc41f99c19128cd2e8d808b7200dcc1ecda1fff8ada810ec9b76629328f4"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_602"
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        "excerpt": "It follows that, where national legislation constitutes a restriction on the freedom of establishment and/or the freedom to provide services, the compatibility of that legislation with EU law and, therefore, its justification, must be examined not only in the light of the exceptions provided for in "
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-373-24~cites~c-544-19",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_140"
        ],
        "excerpt": "That said, the Court, in the context of a reference for a preliminary ruling, may provide the referring court with guidance, on the basis of the documents relating to the main proceedings and the written and oral observations which it has before it, in order to enable that court to resolve the dispu"
      },
      {
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        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_146",
          "para_148",
          "para_152",
          "para_156"
        ],
        "excerpt": "It is therefore necessary to examine whether such a prohibition is criminal in nature (see, to that effect, judgment of 6 October 2021, ECOTEX BULGARIA, C-544/19 , EU:C:2021:803 , paragraph 90 )."
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-452-20~follows~c-544-19",
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        "from": "eu:c-452-20",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-452-20",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_149"
        ],
        "excerpt": "They must, however, exercise their powers in accordance with EU law and its general principles, and, consequently in accordance with the principle of proportionality (see, to that effect, judgment of 6 October 2021, ECOTEX BULGARIA, C-544/19 , EU:C:2021:803 , paragraph 84 and the case-law cited)."
      },
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "First of all, it must be observed that the main aim of Directive 2015/849, as is apparent from its heading and from Article 1(1) and (2) thereof, is the prevention of the use of the financial system for the purposes of money laundering or terrorist financing (see, by analogy, as regards Directive 20"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "In that regard, it should be noted that the principle of proportionality of penalties laid down in Article 49(3) of the Charter requires that the severity of a penalty correspond to the seriousness of the offence concerned (see, to that effect, judgment of 6 October 2021, ECOTEX BULGARIA, C-544/19 ,"
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