{
  "attribution": {
    "source": "legal.exploreworldai.com",
    "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-463-19",
    "cite_as": "NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-463-19)",
    "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision",
    "version": "legal-2026-10-25",
    "fingerprint": "ewai:se:2170ff",
    "proof": "sha256:bbf2b833fb59ca21cd675936904351d0ccd20447dfadfd21377eef9cbe7af17e",
    "jurisdiction": "se",
    "lang": "en",
    "publisher": "NovaCopilot by ExploreWorld Legal",
    "terms": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/om"
  },
  "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
  "object_type": "edge",
  "object_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19",
  "schema_version": "1",
  "schema": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/edge",
  "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-463-19",
  "judgment": {
    "id": "eu:c-463-19",
    "text": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=eu:c-463-19"
  },
  "siblings": {
    "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/eu:c-463-19",
    "relation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/eu:c-463-19",
    "change": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/eu:c-463-19",
    "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/eu:c-463-19",
    "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-463-19",
    "status": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/eu:c-463-19",
    "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-463-19",
    "element": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/eu:c-463-19",
    "decision": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-463-19",
    "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-463-19",
    "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-463-19",
    "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-463-19"
  },
  "source": "NovaCopilot",
  "precedent_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/eu:c-463-19",
  "item": {
    "judgment": "eu:c-463-19",
    "outgoing": [
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~follows~c-284-02",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-284/02",
          "id": "eu:c-284-02",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-284-02"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_214"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In the context of that directive, the prohibition of discrimination between male and female workers extends to all agreements which are intended to regulate paid labour collectively (see, to that effect, judgment of 18 November 2004, Sass, C-284/02 , EU:C:2004:722 , paragraph 25 and the case-law cit",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "94abd6aa437237a06188641222b5d5d36b561c7850ba947f069ad0baaf33a30b"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~follows~c-366-99",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-366/99",
          "id": "eu:c-366-99",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-366-99"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_228"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Consequently, measures designed to protect women in their capacity as parents cannot be justified on the basis of Article 28(1) of Directive 2006/54 (see, to that effect, judgment of 29 November 2001, Griesmar, C-366/99 , EU:C:2001:648 , paragraph 44 ).",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "b80bddd52401c998c8cca2d9d21c4103b9d76b33209cb3100098fe991a7a07b9"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~follows~c-661-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-661/18",
          "id": "eu:c-661-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-661-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_174",
          "para_176"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Consequently, where the questions submitted concern the interpretation of EU law, the Court is in principle bound to give a ruling (see, to that effect, judgment of 30 April 2020, CTT - Correios de Portugal, C-661/18 , EU:C:2020:335 , paragraph 29 and the case-law cited).",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "0c3cd8d2e165ca50875379dee43160db425bf25da43bb028d17f6600859caf60"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~cites~c-116-06",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-116/06",
          "id": "eu:c-116-06",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-116-06"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_218"
        ],
        "excerpt": "The EU legislature thus took the view that the fundamental changes to the living conditions of the persons concerned during the period of at least 14 weeks preceding and after childbirth constituted a legitimate ground on which they could suspend their employment, without the public authorities or e",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "7ea2fd1214167c4905b8f5adc37708d61f79d1ae5c66a06ed321ad7e1e9a4dce"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~cites~c-12-17",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-12/17",
          "id": "eu:c-12-17",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-12-17"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_222"
        ],
        "excerpt": "That maternity leave is intended, first, to protect a woman’s biological condition during and after pregnancy and, second, to protect the special relationship between a woman and her child over the period which follows pregnancy and childbirth, by preventing that relationship from being disturbed by",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "3310cde075e9a2aed639081dc133ecf84baac99edea983eb6aa1c489acbaa0b5"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~cites~c-136-95",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-136/95",
          "id": "eu:c-136-95",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-136-95"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_260"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Third, the French Government relies on the judgment of 30 April 1998, Thibault ( C-136/95 , EU:C:1998:178 ), in which the Court accepted that Article 46 of the collective agreement constituted maternity leave.",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "dcae50874eb7c378a8d5a34461420092d63ee1cf35ad066f2ab67fb2d6f31a34"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~cites~c-167-12",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-167/12",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_220"
        ],
        "excerpt": "As the EU legislature acknowledged in the 14th recital of Directive 92/85, pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or who are breastfeeding are in an especially vulnerable situation which makes it necessary for the right to maternity leave to be granted to them but which, particul",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "15238d90a70b525e306916452b02e09ac763fc487da57ad697ac33807fa6bb70"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~cites~c-335-15",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-335/15",
          "id": "eu:c-335-15",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-335-15"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_224"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Moreover, Directive 92/85, which lays down minimum requirements, in no way prevents Member States from providing for a higher level of protection for pregnant workers or workers who have recently given birth or who are breastfeeding by maintaining or introducing more favourable measures for those wo",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "c0a8d0bf3c6fd089692fba07936830b030155178f62b2b755a13e18b6e74bc31"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~cites~c-411-96",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-411/96",
          "id": "eu:c-411-96",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-411-96"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_220"
        ],
        "excerpt": "As the EU legislature acknowledged in the 14th recital of Directive 92/85, pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or who are breastfeeding are in an especially vulnerable situation which makes it necessary for the right to maternity leave to be granted to them but which, particul",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "197d5541e041eb77365c0d05375dd73b43ae35891622a04eae81a87dcb2b09d8"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~cites~c-450-18",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-450/18",
          "id": "eu:c-450-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-450-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_228"
        ],
        "excerpt": "As regards the status of parent, the Court has stated that the situation of a male worker and that of a female worker both having that status are comparable so far as concerns the bringing up of children (judgments of 25 October 1988, Commission v France, 312/86 , EU:C:1988:485 , paragraph 14 , and ",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "a1d8fbf12ee422ed74a5fcc805989f774e3611881bca0656effedf81e539ebda"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~cites~c-500-18",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-500/18",
          "id": "eu:c-500-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-500-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_191",
          "para_193",
          "para_195"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that regard, it must be borne in mind that questions concerning the interpretation of EU law referred by a national court in the factual and legislative context which that court is responsible for defining, and the accuracy of which is not a matter for the Court to determine, enjoy a presumption ",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "55558a1c5ceed516b7e874b4e8827a82f4d0da2f11fe7e1623bad2d841fba926"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~cites~c-512-11",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-512/11",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_224"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Moreover, Directive 92/85, which lays down minimum requirements, in no way prevents Member States from providing for a higher level of protection for pregnant workers or workers who have recently given birth or who are breastfeeding by maintaining or introducing more favourable measures for those wo",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "cb69cb5f7081ef012d44093d3933d84837bbd698636ed6f1080ed7c0483cb57d"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~cites~c-513-11",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-513/11",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_224"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Moreover, Directive 92/85, which lays down minimum requirements, in no way prevents Member States from providing for a higher level of protection for pregnant workers or workers who have recently given birth or who are breastfeeding by maintaining or introducing more favourable measures for those wo",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "aafe18ef9bc7d8e3090bd14a894cffd646f1bfaba767ac77c555683598323b0f"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-463-19~cites~c-65-14",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-463-19",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-65/14",
          "id": "eu:c-65-14",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-65-14"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_218"
        ],
        "excerpt": "The EU legislature thus took the view that the fundamental changes to the living conditions of the persons concerned during the period of at least 14 weeks preceding and after childbirth constituted a legitimate ground on which they could suspend their employment, without the public authorities or e",
        "decided": "2020-11-18",
        "hash": "d7de0d0fa916380408058fb36619ea6e7e454df93d52bdcc3bea35cafb088c6e"
      }
    ],
    "incoming": [
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-247-20-62020cj0247~cites~c-463-19",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-247-20-62020cj0247",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-247-20-62020cj0247",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_181"
        ],
        "excerpt": "However, the Court does have jurisdiction to provide the national court with all the guidance as to the interpretation of EU law necessary to enable that court to determine whether those national rules are compatible with EU law (judgment of 18 November 2020, Syndicat CFTC, C-463/19 , EU:C:2020:932 "
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-597-24~follows~c-463-19",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-597-24",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-597-24",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_130",
          "para_131"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Consequently, in so far as the questions concern the interpretation of EU law, the Court is, in principle, required to give a ruling (see, to that effect, judgment of 18 November 2020, Syndicat CFTC , C-463/19, EU:C:2020:932, paragraph 30 and the case-law cited)."
      }
    ],
    "acts": [],
    "counts": {
      "outgoing": 14,
      "incoming": 2,
      "acts": 0
    },
    "follow": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-463-19?follow=5",
    "hash": "ec9538c2342dd820226950b9a808cc5cf040b020d609c07be2033f067d092ea5"
  },
  "links": {
    "provisions": null,
    "case_law": {
      "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-463-19",
      "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-463-19",
      "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-463-19",
      "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-463-19"
    },
    "compact": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-463-19?view=compact",
    "representations": {
      "sv": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/eu/praxis/c-463-19",
      "en": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/eu/praxis/c-463-19"
    },
    "machine_languages": [
      "en",
      "sv"
    ],
    "ref": "eu:c-463-19"
  },
  "watch": {
    "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=eu%3Ac-463-19",
    "relations": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=eu%3Ac-463-19",
    "risk_changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk-changes",
    "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-463-19"
  },
  "metadata": {
    "schema": "novacopilot_object_metadata/1",
    "canonical_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-463-19",
    "source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
    "official_source": null,
    "short_answer": null,
    "short_answer_status": "not_in_register",
    "hash": "ec9538c2342dd820226950b9a808cc5cf040b020d609c07be2033f067d092ea5",
    "schema_version": "1",
    "last_verified_at": null,
    "verification_status": "not_verified_yet",
    "integrity_check_scope": "stored_content_only"
  },
  "hash": "sha256:bbf2b833fb59ca21cd675936904351d0ccd20447dfadfd21377eef9cbe7af17e",
  "version": "legal-2026-10-25",
  "expires": "2026-10-27T00:00:00.000Z",
  "dependency": {
    "index_version": "legal-2026-10-25+legal-2026-10-25+2026-10-25T13:37:31",
    "content_hash": "sha256:bbf2b833fb59ca21cd675936904351d0ccd20447dfadfd21377eef9cbe7af17e",
    "revalidate_after": "2026-10-26T10:16:19.679Z",
    "max_copy_age_seconds": 3600,
    "policy": "revalidate-required; attribution-preferred",
    "changelog": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency",
    "verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify",
    "stale_copy_invalid": true
  },
  "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-463-19",
  "disclaimer": "Source reference with official identifier. Not legal advice and not a compliance decision.",
  "content_notice": {
    "legal_advice": false,
    "nature": "Source register. Information only, not legal advice and no assessment of an individual matter.",
    "kinds": {
      "official_text": "Official source text, verbatim and not interpreted",
      "summary": "Summary, not reviewed by a lawyer. Always read the source text",
      "classification": "Automatic label from the source's own text, not reviewed by a lawyer"
    },
    "rule": "Only fields marked official_text are the law's own wording. Everything else points to it.",
    "report_error": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/corrections",
    "ai_act_declaration": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/ai-act-declaration"
  },
  "usageInfo": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/citering",
  "withheld": {
    "links.evidence": 3
  },
  "access": {
    "status": "partner_key_required",
    "header": "x-partner-key",
    "contact": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kontakt",
    "note": "Facts and counts are public. Relationships and decision paths stay inside NovaCopilot."
  },
  "access_class": "relationship",
  "access_view": "public"
}