{ "attribution": { "source": "legal.exploreworldai.com", "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-423-15", "cite_as": "NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-423-15)", "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision", "version": "legal-2026-10-25", "fingerprint": "ewai:se:56f93f", "proof": "sha256:dda8daf701d393949f22fde5146d8296203196b385362561413546e800632f28", "jurisdiction": "se", "lang": "en", "publisher": "NovaCopilot by ExploreWorld Legal", "terms": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/om" }, "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot", "object_type": "edge", "object_id": "edge:eu:c-423-15", "schema_version": "1", "schema": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/edge", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-423-15", "judgment": { "id": "eu:c-423-15", "text": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=eu:c-423-15" }, "siblings": { "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/eu:c-423-15", "relation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/eu:c-423-15", "change": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/eu:c-423-15", "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/eu:c-423-15", "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-423-15", "status": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/eu:c-423-15", "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-423-15", "element": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/eu:c-423-15", "decision": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-423-15", "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-423-15", "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-423-15", "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-423-15" }, "source": "NovaCopilot", "precedent_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/eu:c-423-15", "item": { "judgment": "eu:c-423-15", "outgoing": [ { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-423-15~follows~c-110-99", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-423-15", "to": { "ref": "C-110/99", "id": "eu:c-110-99", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-110-99" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_148", "para_152", "para_154" ], "excerpt": "In order to establish the existence of the second element, which relates to the intention of operators, account may be taken, in particular, of the purely artificial nature of the transactions concerned (see, to that effect, judgments of 14 December 2000 in Emsland-Stärke, C-110/99 , EU:C:2000:695 ,", "decided": "2016-07-28", "hash": "d52898c9b5f52f386ecc75b811383b15462cc0528c30c96dcb8b0a3c56195f89" }, { "edge_id": 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of operators, account may be taken, in particular, of the purely artificial nature of the transactions concerned (see, to that effect, judgments of 14 December 2000 in Emsland-Stärke, C-110/99 , EU:C:2000:695 ,", "decided": "2016-07-28", "hash": "67ecd4b2c703e5c2990cc34daa0c3bfe21dda64cec301ebb82592e066a33e785" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-423-15~follows~c-411-05", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-423-15", "to": { "ref": "C-411/05", "id": "eu:c-411-05", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-411-05" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_134" ], "excerpt": "According to settled case-law of the Court, it is apparent from both its title, preamble, content and purpose that Directive 2000/78 seeks to lay down a general framework in order to guarantee equal treatment ‘in employment and occupation’ to all persons, by offering them effective protection agains", "decided": "2016-07-28", "hash": "2170eb91dbdbb97015a0b1d36119cf622c7cf7e79c8f4bf560f3c7e34b24e8ea" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-423-15~follows~c-416-13", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-423-15", "to": { "ref": "C-416/13", "id": null, "url": null }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_134" ], "excerpt": "According to settled case-law of the Court, it is apparent from both its title, preamble, content and purpose that Directive 2000/78 seeks to lay down a general framework in order to guarantee equal treatment ‘in employment and occupation’ to all persons, by offering them effective protection agains", "decided": "2016-07-28", "hash": "afda9963346f4ad542aed1b9101860071f9fdf1dfeccf810666e555bef69df69" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-423-15~follows~c-425-06", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-423-15", "to": { "ref": "C-425/06", "id": "eu:c-425-06", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-425-06" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_152" ], "excerpt": "In order to establish the existence of the second element, which relates to the intention of operators, account may be taken, in particular, of the purely artificial nature of the transactions concerned (see, to that effect, judgments of 14 December 2000 in Emsland-Stärke, C-110/99 , EU:C:2000:695 ,", "decided": "2016-07-28", "hash": "b9f09b1b45015b9ca6af44188ec9ba7bc5e0ad24f18bd5db7a70d01791bddd15" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-423-15~follows~c-447-09", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-423-15", "to": { "ref": "C-447/09", "id": "eu:c-447-09", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-447-09" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_134" ], "excerpt": "According to settled case-law of the Court, it is apparent from both its title, preamble, content and purpose that Directive 2000/78 seeks to lay down a general framework in order to guarantee equal treatment ‘in employment and occupation’ to all persons, by offering them effective protection agains", "decided": "2016-07-28", "hash": "199eaaf5921806ae77941af55816378813155fa23f8cc2961999cb378a8edf19" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-423-15~follows~c-515-03", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-423-15", "to": { "ref": "C-515/03", "id": "eu:c-515-03", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-515-03" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_154" ], "excerpt": "It is for the national court to verify, in accordance with the rules of evidence of national law, provided the effectiveness of EU law is not undermined, whether the factors constituting an abusive practice are present in the case before it (see judgments of 14 December 2000 in Emsland-Stärke, C-110", "decided": "2016-07-28", "hash": "4bc27e2c3a0136609277b92084ee7ae8ecdf59d0560e73950615751da680aed4" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-423-15~follows~c-553-11", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-423-15", "to": { "ref": "C-553/11", "id": null, "url": null }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_124" ], "excerpt": "It should be noted that, in accordance with the settled case-law of the Court, in a reference for a preliminary ruling under Article 267 TFEU, which is based on a clear separation of functions between the national courts and the Court of Justice, the national court alone has jurisdiction to find and", "decided": "2016-07-28", "hash": "1d8f001ed9a7e7b78d2cd3f80c797eef9357eaa20223756ddf11be4e1920e770" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-423-15~cites~c-103-09", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:c-423-15", "to": { "ref": "C-103/09", "id": "eu:c-103-09", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-103-09" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_150" ], "excerpt": "The prohibition of abuse is not relevant where the economic activity carried out may have some explanation other than the mere attainment of an advantage (see judgments of 21 February 2006 in Halifax and Others, C-255/02 , EU:C:2006:121 , paragraph 75 ; of 22 December 2010 in Weald Leasing, C-103/09", "decided": "2016-07-28", "hash": "78c02418c04c4025cf42200758a1ef36d4b6877900071d9194dfe7c41f62f939" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-423-15~cites~c-346-05", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:c-423-15", "to": { "ref": "C-346/05", "id": "eu:c-346-05", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-346-05" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_124" ], "excerpt": "In that context, the Court is empowered to rule on the interpretation or validity of EU law in the light of the factual and legal situation as described by the referring court, in order to provide that court with such guidance as will assist it in resolving the dispute before it (see, inter alia, ju", "decided": "2016-07-28", "hash": "00a77beadb63e52a5c897aedd08cfa562920fbfeeb0b36260f055aa4e0e91866" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-423-15~cites~c-415-10", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:c-423-15", "to": { "ref": "C-415/10", "id": "eu:c-415-10", "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-415-10" }, "paragraph_ids": [ "para_138" ], "excerpt": "In particular, it follows from Article 3(1)(a) of Directive 2000/78 and indent (a) of the second subparagraph of Article 1 and Article 14(1)(a) of Directive 2006/54 that those directives apply to a person seeking employment, and also in regard to the selection criteria and recruitment conditions of ", "decided": "2016-07-28", "hash": "72d6dceb7443cf5eff77d940316c99804cb9c3ca47b0be34b9b6cebdc8be94bc" } ], "incoming": [ { "edge_id": "edge:eu:62016cj0116~cites~c-423-15", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:62016cj0116", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62016cj0116", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_386" ], "excerpt": "Furthermore, the principle of prohibition of abuse of rights is applicable in fields as varied as the free movement of goods (judgment of 10 January 1985, Association des Centres distributeurs Leclerc and Thouars Distribution, 229/83 , EU:C:1985:1 , paragraph 27 ), freedom to provide services (judgm" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:62021cj0038~cites~c-423-15", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:62021cj0038", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62021cj0038", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_1172" ], "excerpt": "However, the Court, when giving a preliminary ruling, may, where appropriate, provide clarification designed to give the national court guidance in its interpretation (judgments of 28 July 2016, Kratzer, C-423/15 , EU:C:2016:604 , paragraph 42 and the case-law cited, and of 22 November 2017, Cussens" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:62023cj0422~follows~c-423-15", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:62023cj0422", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:62023cj0422", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_514", "para_516", "para_518", "para_520" ], "excerpt": "It is for the referring court to determine, in accordance with the rules of evidence under national law, provided the effectiveness of EU law is not undermined, whether the factors constituting an abusive practice are present in the case before it (see, to that effect, judgments of 14 December 2000," }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-291-16~cites~c-423-15", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:c-291-16", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-291-16", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_125" ], "excerpt": "In that context, the Court is empowered to rule solely on the interpretation or validity of EU law in the light of the factual and legal situation as described by the referring court, in order to provide that court with such guidance as will assist it in resolving the dispute before it (judgments of" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-359-16~follows~c-423-15", "type": "follows", "label_sv": "följer", "from": "eu:c-359-16", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-359-16", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_156" ], "excerpt": "According to the Court’s settled case-law, such considerations must not, however, result in individuals being able to rely on EU law for abusive or fraudulent ends (see, to that effect, judgments of 2 May 1996, Paletta, C-206/94 , EU:C:1996:182 , paragraph 24 ; of 21 February 2006, Halifax and Other" }, { "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-39-16~cites~c-423-15", "type": "cites", "label_sv": "hänvisar till", "from": "eu:c-39-16", "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-39-16", "paragraph_ids": [ "para_197" ], "excerpt": "As the Advocate General has observed in point 51 of her Opinion, Article 1(2) of Directive 90/435 reflects the general EU law principle that abuse of rights is prohibited (judgment of 5 July 2007, Kofoed, C-321/05 , EU:C:2007:408 , paragraph 38 ), and that EU law therefore cannot be relied on for ab" }, { "edge_id": 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