{
  "attribution": {
    "source": "legal.exploreworldai.com",
    "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-351-21",
    "cite_as": "NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-351-21)",
    "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision",
    "version": "legal-2026-10-18",
    "fingerprint": "ewai:se:b425c3",
    "proof": "sha256:e24d631c579089420a4a2c1db71edce1ccef67df50bce3f859039b1b124a2c80",
    "jurisdiction": "se",
    "lang": "en"
  },
  "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
  "object_type": "edge",
  "object_id": "edge:eu:c-351-21",
  "schema_version": "1",
  "schema": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/edge",
  "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-351-21",
  "judgment": {
    "id": "eu:c-351-21",
    "text": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=eu:c-351-21"
  },
  "siblings": {
    "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/eu:c-351-21",
    "relation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/eu:c-351-21",
    "change": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/eu:c-351-21",
    "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/eu:c-351-21",
    "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-351-21",
    "status": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/eu:c-351-21",
    "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-351-21",
    "element": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/eu:c-351-21",
    "decision": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-351-21",
    "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-351-21",
    "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-351-21",
    "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-351-21"
  },
  "source": "NovaCopilot",
  "precedent_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/eu:c-351-21",
  "item": {
    "judgment": "eu:c-351-21",
    "outgoing": [
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-351-21~follows~c-132-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-351-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-132/21",
          "id": "eu:c-132-21",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-132-21"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_199"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In accordance with the Court’s settled case-law, in interpreting a provision of EU law it is necessary to consider not only its wording but also its context and the objectives pursued by the legislation of which it forms part (see, to that effect, in particular, judgment of 12 January 2023, Nemzeti ",
        "decided": "2023-03-16",
        "hash": "50e3c53b708252720a9553c3c2891bec1d540eb0db35ac28c453af02d3b7bb33"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-351-21~follows~c-245-18",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-351-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-245/18",
          "id": "eu:c-245-18",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-245-18"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_221"
        ],
        "excerpt": "That interpretation is supported by the objective pursued by Directive 2007/64, as is apparent from recitals 1, 21, 23, 40 and 43 thereof, which consist, inter alia, in order to ensure smooth functioning of the single market in payment services, to ensure that the users of those services can easily ",
        "decided": "2023-03-16",
        "hash": "e0a0659c6f8351a343c7499cf9cc97780e9a5cd68ff47a91580ed710e39d3fae"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-351-21~follows~c-337-20",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-351-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-337/20",
          "id": "eu:c-337-20-62020cj0337",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-337-20-62020cj0337"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_180",
          "para_182"
        ],
        "excerpt": "That has the result that both a parallel liability regime in respect of the same operative event and a competing liability regime allowing the payment service user to trigger that liability on the basis of other operative events are incompatible with the directive (see, to that effect, judgment of 2",
        "decided": "2023-03-16",
        "hash": "b30bc5cc15d89f986044b89009defbcb965c68453663dc4b057c845917dad410"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-351-21~cites~c-342-17",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-351-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-342/17",
          "id": "eu:c-342-17",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-342-17"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_190"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In that regard, it must be recalled that national courts have the widest discretion in referring matters to the Court if they consider that a case pending before them raises questions involving the interpretation of provisions of EU law, or consideration of their validity, which are necessary for th",
        "decided": "2023-03-16",
        "hash": "3ceb0b0a1fa9c86ec9f9b80b0928b72a4b1b678b355cf03dfbbd7fa99d0cd06c"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-351-21~cites~c-391-20",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-351-21",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-391/20",
          "id": "eu:c-391-20-62020cj0391",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-391-20-62020cj0391"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_192"
        ],
        "excerpt": "The Court may refuse to rule on a question referred for a preliminary ruling by a national court only where it is quite obvious that the interpretation of EU law that is sought bears no relation to the actual facts of the main action or its purpose, where the problem is hypothetical, or where the Co",
        "decided": "2023-03-16",
        "hash": "83f5ccc8a096a15c6492adea4267a25cec78c405f378a572f9a824b60ec12d01"
      }
    ],
    "incoming": [
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-340-22~cites~c-351-21",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-340-22",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-340-22",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_131"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In so far as the Portuguese Government claims that the second question has been referred prematurely, it is sufficient to recall that national courts have the widest discretion in referring matters to the Court if they consider that a case pending before them raises questions involving the interpret"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-361-22-62022cj0361~cites~c-351-21",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-361-22-62022cj0361",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-361-22-62022cj0361",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_135"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Consequently, where the question submitted concerns the interpretation or validity of a rule of EU law, the Court is in principle bound to give a ruling (judgment of 16 March 2023, Beobank, C-351/21 , EU:C:2023:215 , paragraph 43 and the case-law cited)."
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-409-22-62022cj0409~follows~c-351-21",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-409-22-62022cj0409",
        "from_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-409-22-62022cj0409",
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_201"
        ],
        "excerpt": "The regime governing the liability of payment service providers for unauthorised or incorrectly executed transactions established in Directive 2007/64 can therefore be placed in competition with an alternative liability regime laid down under national law, based on the same facts and the same basis,"
      }
    ],
    "acts": [],
    "counts": {
      "outgoing": 5,
      "incoming": 3,
      "acts": 0
    },
    "follow": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-351-21?follow=5",
    "hash": "ccab8cd214bf9cad2eecbcb83e07b24a4c6cf883f3eec1c3e31354009c89aa8f"
  },
  "links": {
    "provisions": null,
    "case_law": {
      "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-351-21",
      "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-351-21",
      "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-351-21",
      "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-351-21"
    },
    "compact": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-351-21?view=compact",
    "representations": {
      "sv": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/eu/praxis/c-351-21",
      "en": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/eu/praxis/c-351-21"
    },
    "machine_languages": [
      "en",
      "sv"
    ],
    "ref": "eu:c-351-21"
  },
  "watch": {
    "changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/changes",
    "whats_new": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/whats-new?jurisdiction=eu",
    "conditional": "Send If-None-Match with the ETag; unchanged objects return 304 without body.",
    "recheck_after_seconds": 86400
  },
  "hash": "sha256:e24d631c579089420a4a2c1db71edce1ccef67df50bce3f859039b1b124a2c80",
  "version": "legal-2026-10-18",
  "expires": "2026-10-19T00:00:00.000Z",
  "dependency": {
    "index_version": "legal-2026-10-18+legal-2026-10-18+2026-10-18T11:45:53",
    "content_hash": "sha256:e24d631c579089420a4a2c1db71edce1ccef67df50bce3f859039b1b124a2c80",
    "revalidate_after": "2026-10-18T12:49:54.445Z",
    "max_copy_age_seconds": 3600,
    "policy": "revalidate-required; attribution-preferred",
    "changelog": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency",
    "verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify",
    "stale_copy_invalid": true
  },
  "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-351-21",
  "disclaimer": "Source reference with official identifier. Not legal advice and not a compliance decision.",
  "content_notice": {
    "legal_advice": false,
    "nature": "Source register. Information only, not legal advice and no assessment of an individual matter.",
    "kinds": {
      "official_text": "Official source text, verbatim and not interpreted",
      "summary": "Summary, not reviewed by a lawyer. Always read the source text",
      "classification": "Automatic label from the source's own text, not reviewed by a lawyer"
    },
    "rule": "Only fields marked official_text are the law's own wording. Everything else points to it.",
    "report_error": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/corrections",
    "ai_act_declaration": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/ai-act-declaration"
  },
  "usageInfo": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/citering",
  "withheld": {
    "links.evidence": 3
  },
  "access": {
    "status": "partner_key_required",
    "header": "x-partner-key",
    "contact": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kontakt",
    "note": "Facts and counts are public. Relationships and decision paths stay inside NovaCopilot."
  },
  "access_class": "relationship",
  "access_view": "public"
}