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        "excerpt": "Accordingly, that directive does not apply, in principle, to the remuneration of workers (see, to that effect, judgment of 30 April 2020, Készenléti Rendőrség, C-211/19 , EU:C:2020:344 , paragraph 23 ).",
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        "excerpt": "It should be noted, first of all, that, according to settled case-law, in order to provide a satisfactory answer to the national court which has referred a question to it, the Court of Justice may deem it necessary to consider provisions of EU law to which the national court has not referred in its ",
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        "excerpt": "That being said, it follows from settled case-law of the Court that, when interpreting a provision of EU law, it is necessary to consider not only its wording but also the context in which it occurs and the objectives pursued by the rules of which it is part (judgment of 11 June 2020, CHEP Equipment",
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        "excerpt": "As for the justification of any difference in treatment, it must be recalled that, according to settled case-law, a difference in treatment is justified if it is based on an objective and reasonable criterion, that is, whether the difference relates to a legally permitted aim pursued by the legislat",
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        "excerpt": "In turn, the obligation under Article 12(a) of the directive to take the measures necessary to ensure that night workers and shift workers have safety and health protection appropriate to the nature of their work leaves the Member States a degree of latitude as regards the appropriate measures to be",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "In turn, the obligation under Article 12(a) of the directive to take the measures necessary to ensure that night workers and shift workers have safety and health protection appropriate to the nature of their work leaves the Member States a degree of latitude as regards the appropriate measures to be",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "It must be recalled that the scope of the Charter, as regards action by the Member States, is defined in Article 51(1) thereof, under which the provisions of the Charter are addressed to the institutions of the European Union and to the Member States only when they are implementing EU law and, accor",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "Nevertheless, the Court has held that the mere fact that the dispute in the main proceedings concerns remuneration does not mean that a request for a preliminary ruling raising questions related to the interpretation of provisions of Directive 2003/88 must be found to be inadmissible (see, to that e",
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        "excerpt": "It is for the referring court, which alone has jurisdiction to assess the facts, to make the necessary determinations in order, first, to identify the relevant categories of workers and, secondly, to determine whether the requirement of the comparability of the situations in question is satisfied (s",
        "decided": "2022-02-24",
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        "excerpt": "It must be recalled that a difference in treatment introduced by provisions of national law relating to night work between different categories of workers in comparable situations would, if not based on such an objective and reasonable criterion, be incompatible with EU law and would require, as the",
        "decided": "2022-02-24",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "It must be observed, in that regard, that the Court has held that a difference in treatment based on whether the employment relationship is statutory or contractual may, in principle, be assessed with regard to the principle of equal treatment, which is a general principle of EU law, now enshrined i",
        "decided": "2022-02-24",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "The provisions of that directive thus cannot be interpreted restrictively to the detriment of the rights that the workers derive from it (judgment of 11 November 2021, Dublin City Council, C-214/20 , EU:C:2021:909 , paragraph 37 and the case-law cited).",
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "A difference in treatment is justified if it is based on an objective and reasonable criterion, that is, if the difference relates to a legally permitted aim pursued by the legislation in question, and it is proportionate to the aim pursued by the treatment (judgment of 9 March 2017, Milkova, C-406/",
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        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_219"
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        "excerpt": "As regards the requirement that the situations in question are comparable for the purpose of determining whether there is a breach of the principle of equal treatment, the Court has explained, first and foremost, that that comparability must be assessed not in a global and abstract manner, but in a ",
        "decided": "2022-02-24",
        "hash": "9ef47346fa9c11ee322406c9e7db441db9192b1816688e03abf2f183a1dd5b1e"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "On the other hand, it cannot be extended to any question involving any sort of link with pay; otherwise, some areas referred to in Article 153(1) TFEU would be deprived of much of their substance (judgment of 19 June 2014, Specht and Others, C-501/12 to C-506/12, C-540/12 and C-541/12 , EU:C:2014:20",
        "decided": "2022-02-24",
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          "ref": "C-506/12",
          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_142"
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        "excerpt": "On the other hand, it cannot be extended to any question involving any sort of link with pay; otherwise, some areas referred to in Article 153(1) TFEU would be deprived of much of their substance (judgment of 19 June 2014, Specht and Others, C-501/12 to C-506/12, C-540/12 and C-541/12 , EU:C:2014:20",
        "decided": "2022-02-24",
        "hash": "eafef42cc85693d422450640529f401e5f6e710eff10dc70b33d395ae4137386"
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      {
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        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-262-20",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-540/12",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_142"
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        "excerpt": "On the other hand, it cannot be extended to any question involving any sort of link with pay; otherwise, some areas referred to in Article 153(1) TFEU would be deprived of much of their substance (judgment of 19 June 2014, Specht and Others, C-501/12 to C-506/12, C-540/12 and C-541/12 , EU:C:2014:20",
        "decided": "2022-02-24",
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        "to": {
          "ref": "C-541/12",
          "id": null,
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        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_142"
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        "excerpt": "On the other hand, it cannot be extended to any question involving any sort of link with pay; otherwise, some areas referred to in Article 153(1) TFEU would be deprived of much of their substance (judgment of 19 June 2014, Specht and Others, C-501/12 to C-506/12, C-540/12 and C-541/12 , EU:C:2014:20",
        "decided": "2022-02-24",
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        "excerpt": "The right of every worker to a limitation of maximum working hours and to, inter alia, daily rest periods not only constitutes a rule of EU social law of particular importance, but is also expressly enshrined in Article 31(2) of the Charter that Article 6(1) TEU recognises as having the same legal v",
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        "excerpt": "That said, it should be recalled that the principle of equal treatment is a general principle of EU law, enshrined in Article 20 of the Charter, of which the principle of non-discrimination set out in Article 21(1) thereof is a specific expression, which requires that comparable situations must not "
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        "excerpt": "A difference in treatment is justified if it is based on an objective and reasonable criterion, that is, if the difference relates to a legally permitted aim pursued by the legislation in question, and it is proportionate to the aim pursued by the treatment concerned (see, to that effect, judgment o"
      },
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "The concept of ‘implementation of Union law’, within the meaning of Article 51(1) of the Charter, presupposes a degree of connection between an act of EU law and the national measure at issue above and beyond the matters covered being closely related or one of those matters having an indirect impact"
      },
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "On the other hand, it cannot be extended to any question involving any sort of link with pay; otherwise, some areas referred to in Article 153(1) TFEU would be deprived of much of their substance (judgments of 15 April 2008, Impact, C-268/06 , EU:C:2008:223 , paragraphs 124 and 125 , and of 24 Febru"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "A difference in treatment is justified if it is based on an objective and reasonable criterion, that is, if the difference relates to a legally permitted aim pursued by the legislation in question, and it is proportionate to the aim pursued by the treatment (judgment of 24 February 2022, Glavna dire"
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        "paragraph_ids": [
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        "excerpt": "In that regard, it should also be borne in mind that, as the Court has previously stated, work performed at night may differ in terms of difficulty and stress (judgment of 24 February 2022, Glavna direktsia Pozharna bezopasnost i zashtita na naselenieto, C-262/20 , EU:C:2022:117 , paragraph 52 )."
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