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        "excerpt": "161 Although the Court held, in paragraph 29 of the judgment of 11 January 2024, Global Ink Trade (C-537/22, EU:C:2024:6), that legislation of a Member State requiring, in principle, lower courts to comply with the findings of a superior court could nevertheless be compatible with the principle of t",
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        "excerpt": "58 However, it is settled case-law that, in proceedings under Article 267 TFEU, which are based on a clear separation of functions between the national courts and the Court of Justice, the national court alone has jurisdiction, inter alia, to interpret and apply national law (see judgments of 16 Mar",
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        "excerpt": "80 In addition, where the competent national authorities consider adopting a return decision against the parent of a minor, those authorities must carry out a general and in-depth assessment of the situation of that minor, taking due account of the best interests of the child (see, to that effect, j",
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        "excerpt": "132 Next, the power of the court having jurisdiction to have access to the entire file cannot replace access to the information placed on that file by the person concerned, since respect for the rights of the defence means that that person, if necessary though an adviser, may defend his or her own i",
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        "excerpt": "47 As a preliminary point, it should be recalled that, according to the Court’s settled case-law, the procedure provided for in Article 267 TFEU is an instrument of cooperation between the Court of Justice and the national courts by means of which the Court provides the national courts with the poin",
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        "excerpt": "47 As a preliminary point, it should be recalled that, according to the Court’s settled case-law, the procedure provided for in Article 267 TFEU is an instrument of cooperation between the Court of Justice and the national courts by means of which the Court provides the national courts with the poin",
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        "excerpt": "135 In addition, it is apparent from the case-law of the Court that disclosure of the essence of the grounds on which the decision at issue is based referred to in paragraph 130 above must be ensured vis-à-vis the addressee of that decision itself (see, to that effect, judgments of 4 June 2013, ZZ ,",
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        "excerpt": "68 First, in such a situation, Article 20 TFEU precludes that third-country national from being refused residence, as well as the imposition of an expulsion measure or, more broadly, a measure requiring him or her to return to a third country, since such measures are capable of depriving the Union c",
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        "excerpt": "Those interests and that principle must be duly taken into account at all stages of the return procedure and, in particular, at the time of the adoption of a return decision (see, to that effect, judgments of 22 November 2022, Staatssecretaris van Justitie en Veiligheid (Removal - Medicinal cannabis",
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        "excerpt": "For its part, the Court of Justice must rule on the interpretation or validity of the provisions of EU law in respect of which its opinion is sought, taking into account the factual and legislative context of the questions submitted to it, as described by the referring court (see, to that effect, ju",
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        "excerpt": "62 That point having been clarified, it must be recalled, in the first place, that it is apparent from the Court’s settled case-law that Article 20 TFEU precludes national measures which have the effect of depriving Union citizens of the genuine enjoyment of the substance of the rights conferred by ",
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        "excerpt": "80 In addition, where the competent national authorities consider adopting a return decision against the parent of a minor, those authorities must carry out a general and in-depth assessment of the situation of that minor, taking due account of the best interests of the child (see, to that effect, j",
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        "excerpt": "87 Second, as regards any matters of fact brought to light for the first time during the judicial proceedings, it should be recalled that the Court has held that, in order to prevent a Union citizen who is a minor from being deprived of the genuine enjoyment of the rights that he or she derives from",
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        "excerpt": "89 It must also be stated that, as regards an expulsion order issued against a national of a Member State on grounds of public policy, the Court has held that EU law precludes a national practice whereby the national courts may not take into consideration facts introduced after that order (see, to t",
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        "excerpt": "62 That point having been clarified, it must be recalled, in the first place, that it is apparent from the Court’s settled case-law that Article 20 TFEU precludes national measures which have the effect of depriving Union citizens of the genuine enjoyment of the substance of the rights conferred by ",
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        "excerpt": "Those national authorities must, moreover, ensure compliance with the principle of proportionality at all stages of the return procedure (see, to that effect, judgments of 11 June 2015, Zh. and O. , C-554/13, EU:C:2015:377, paragraph 49, and of 1 August 2025, Al Hoceima and Boghni , C-636/23 and C-6",
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        "excerpt": "For its part, the Court of Justice must rule on the interpretation or validity of the provisions of EU law in respect of which its opinion is sought, taking into account the factual and legislative context of the questions submitted to it, as described by the referring court (see, to that effect, ju",
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