{
  "attribution": {
    "source": "legal.exploreworldai.com",
    "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-161-25",
    "cite_as": "NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-161-25)",
    "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision",
    "version": "legal-2026-10-25",
    "fingerprint": "ewai:se:a7d633",
    "proof": "sha256:a9bee5ab9bba729737cc768cd2e51065d66f91386b19ba2bf815715bb408d91c",
    "jurisdiction": "se",
    "lang": "en",
    "publisher": "NovaCopilot by ExploreWorld Legal",
    "terms": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/om"
  },
  "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
  "object_type": "edge",
  "object_id": "edge:eu:c-161-25",
  "schema_version": "1",
  "schema": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/edge",
  "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-161-25",
  "judgment": {
    "id": "eu:c-161-25",
    "text": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=eu:c-161-25"
  },
  "siblings": {
    "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/eu:c-161-25",
    "relation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/eu:c-161-25",
    "change": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/eu:c-161-25",
    "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/eu:c-161-25",
    "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-161-25",
    "status": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/eu:c-161-25",
    "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-161-25",
    "element": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/eu:c-161-25",
    "decision": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-161-25",
    "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-161-25",
    "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-161-25",
    "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-161-25"
  },
  "source": "NovaCopilot",
  "precedent_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/eu:c-161-25",
  "item": {
    "judgment": "eu:c-161-25",
    "outgoing": [
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-161-25~follows~c-144-20",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-161-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-144/20",
          "id": "eu:c-144-20",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-144-20"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_142"
        ],
        "excerpt": "Furthermore, as is apparent in particular from Article 56(6), the regulatory body’s decisions can be based only on infringement of the provisions of Section 2 of Chapter IV of Directive 2012/34, including Article 35 of that directive, or on breach of the principle of non-discrimination (see, to that",
        "decided": "2026-10-15",
        "hash": "7738e181e51b89ad13f40e659e7ec6167b429753429fea5a55d6df0953a48d0f"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-161-25~follows~c-205-23",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-161-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-205/23",
          "id": "eu:c-205-23",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-205-23"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_148"
        ],
        "excerpt": "51 Furthermore, it should be noted that there is nothing before the Court to suggest that the penalties that may apply to the same incident in the context of the performance scheme at issue in the main proceedings are criminal in nature, in particular in view of the degree of severity of the penalty",
        "decided": "2026-10-15",
        "hash": "0f6d7d086078de9f88fa218cf9b98f5e115dbf7412f3e2d274638e173f5c8f03"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-161-25~follows~c-452-20",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-161-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-452/20",
          "id": "eu:c-452-20",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-452-20"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_145"
        ],
        "excerpt": "48 Observance of the principle of proportionality, which is a general principle of EU law, requires that the measures adopted do not exceed the limits of what is appropriate and necessary in order to attain the objectives legitimately pursued by the legislation at issue; when there is a choice betwe",
        "decided": "2026-10-15",
        "hash": "0426c65ea39cf5572ce487783ae8ee48f990bf8bba1978e9883a956a9e71ad9e"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-161-25~follows~c-483-10",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-161-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-483/10",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_131"
        ],
        "excerpt": "35 Admittedly, as the Court has already held in the context of the interpretation of Article 11 of Directive 2001/14/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2001 on the allocation of railway infrastructure capacity and the levying of charges for the use of railway infrastruct",
        "decided": "2026-10-15",
        "hash": "23363aae7ad01f8d8a6c1937fd116a506e895c988b1e68b20bb82967646ed547"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-161-25~follows~c-497-15",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-161-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-497/15",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_145"
        ],
        "excerpt": "48 Observance of the principle of proportionality, which is a general principle of EU law, requires that the measures adopted do not exceed the limits of what is appropriate and necessary in order to attain the objectives legitimately pursued by the legislation at issue; when there is a choice betwe",
        "decided": "2026-10-15",
        "hash": "547c1e3852727285f99017b596a09c8aa8cadb1a0f7d79037f3230089b4f1317"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-161-25~follows~c-498-15",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-161-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-498/15",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_145"
        ],
        "excerpt": "48 Observance of the principle of proportionality, which is a general principle of EU law, requires that the measures adopted do not exceed the limits of what is appropriate and necessary in order to attain the objectives legitimately pursued by the legislation at issue; when there is a choice betwe",
        "decided": "2026-10-15",
        "hash": "089e5d7bb60df305a7944c2dcf726cbc036428aac3f70d2b823a78f67f0ec17d"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-161-25~follows~c-545-10",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-161-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-545/10",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_131"
        ],
        "excerpt": "35 Admittedly, as the Court has already held in the context of the interpretation of Article 11 of Directive 2001/14/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2001 on the allocation of railway infrastructure capacity and the levying of charges for the use of railway infrastruct",
        "decided": "2026-10-15",
        "hash": "6815919e35f0e2dc2c4fa28a06f200926b56bc2d3489f843e9139a09cae470ef"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-161-25~follows~c-864-24",
        "type": "follows",
        "label_sv": "följer",
        "from": "eu:c-161-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-864/24",
          "id": "eu:c-864-24",
          "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-864-24"
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_120"
        ],
        "excerpt": "The Court may refuse to rule on a question referred for a preliminary ruling from a national court only where it is quite obvious that the interpretation of EU law sought bears no relation to the actual facts of the main action or its purpose, where the problem is hypothetical, or where the Court do",
        "decided": "2026-10-15",
        "hash": "3e7b06c7f52259605270bf0c4994c4cdc3322762f4df7f8307ef25098a3dc8e8"
      },
      {
        "edge_id": "edge:eu:c-161-25~cites~c-162-25",
        "type": "cites",
        "label_sv": "hänvisar till",
        "from": "eu:c-161-25",
        "to": {
          "ref": "C-162/25",
          "id": null,
          "url": null
        },
        "paragraph_ids": [
          "para_5",
          "para_19",
          "para_107",
          "para_115"
        ],
        "excerpt": "In Joined Cases C-161/25 and C-162/25,",
        "decided": "2026-10-15",
        "hash": "1ddf7d7bc5c2250f0ba227c82133ded12ea1e883abb0f4e1d91878e9f6c56564"
      }
    ],
    "incoming": [],
    "acts": [],
    "counts": {
      "outgoing": 9,
      "incoming": 0,
      "acts": 0
    },
    "follow": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-161-25?follow=5",
    "hash": "5012852236f64abafa76d1f79f6b913630806bd1ff5bd4333211cd4b291e1a06"
  },
  "links": {
    "provisions": null,
    "case_law": {
      "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-161-25",
      "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-161-25",
      "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-161-25",
      "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-161-25"
    },
    "compact": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-161-25?view=compact",
    "representations": {
      "sv": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/eu/praxis/c-161-25",
      "en": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/eu/praxis/c-161-25"
    },
    "machine_languages": [
      "en",
      "sv"
    ],
    "ref": "eu:c-161-25"
  },
  "watch": {
    "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=eu%3Ac-161-25",
    "relations": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=eu%3Ac-161-25",
    "risk_changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk-changes",
    "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-161-25"
  },
  "metadata": {
    "schema": "novacopilot_object_metadata/1",
    "canonical_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-161-25",
    "source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
    "official_source": null,
    "short_answer": null,
    "short_answer_status": "not_in_register",
    "hash": "5012852236f64abafa76d1f79f6b913630806bd1ff5bd4333211cd4b291e1a06",
    "schema_version": "1",
    "last_verified_at": null,
    "verification_status": "not_verified_yet",
    "integrity_check_scope": "stored_content_only"
  },
  "hash": "sha256:a9bee5ab9bba729737cc768cd2e51065d66f91386b19ba2bf815715bb408d91c",
  "version": "legal-2026-10-25",
  "expires": "2026-10-27T00:00:00.000Z",
  "dependency": {
    "index_version": "legal-2026-10-25+legal-2026-10-25+2026-10-25T13:37:31",
    "content_hash": "sha256:a9bee5ab9bba729737cc768cd2e51065d66f91386b19ba2bf815715bb408d91c",
    "revalidate_after": "2026-10-26T13:16:46.905Z",
    "max_copy_age_seconds": 3600,
    "policy": "revalidate-required; attribution-preferred",
    "changelog": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency",
    "verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify",
    "stale_copy_invalid": true
  },
  "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-161-25",
  "disclaimer": "Source reference with official identifier. Not legal advice and not a compliance decision.",
  "content_notice": {
    "legal_advice": false,
    "nature": "Source register. Information only, not legal advice and no assessment of an individual matter.",
    "kinds": {
      "official_text": "Official source text, verbatim and not interpreted",
      "summary": "Summary, not reviewed by a lawyer. Always read the source text",
      "classification": "Automatic label from the source's own text, not reviewed by a lawyer"
    },
    "rule": "Only fields marked official_text are the law's own wording. Everything else points to it.",
    "report_error": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/corrections",
    "ai_act_declaration": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/ai-act-declaration"
  },
  "usageInfo": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/citering",
  "withheld": {
    "links.evidence": 3
  },
  "access": {
    "status": "partner_key_required",
    "header": "x-partner-key",
    "contact": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kontakt",
    "note": "Facts and counts are public. Relationships and decision paths stay inside NovaCopilot."
  },
  "access_class": "relationship",
  "access_view": "public"
}