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regeln gäller i den situation domen avser.", "Inga rekvisit ur lexikonet kunde knytas till regeln." ] }, { "decision_id": "decision:us:ca9-24-1256-2026-09-24#2", "precedent_id": "precedent:us:ca9-24-1256-2026-09-24#2", "paragraph_id": "para_715", "outcome": "holding", "then": "” Because we conclude that Defendants fail to satisfy the “acting under” requirement of 7 Our causal nexus requirement has also been a source of confusion because we have not required a strict causal connection.", "conditions": [], "exceptions": [], "elements": [], "open": [ "Inga uttryckliga villkor i rättsregeln; regeln gäller i den situation domen avser.", "Inga rekvisit ur lexikonet kunde knytas till regeln." ] }, { "decision_id": "decision:us:ca9-24-1256-2026-09-24#3", "precedent_id": "precedent:us:ca9-24-1256-2026-09-24#3", "paragraph_id": "para_772", "outcome": "holding", "then": "Weighing these four considerations, we conclude that Defendants have not shown that they acted under a federal officer.", "conditions": [], "exceptions": [], "elements": [], "open": [ "Inga uttryckliga villkor i rättsregeln; regeln gäller i den situation domen avser.", "Inga rekvisit ur lexikonet kunde knytas till regeln." ] }, { "decision_id": "decision:us:ca9-24-1256-2026-09-24#4", "precedent_id": "precedent:us:ca9-24-1256-2026-09-24#4", "paragraph_id": "para_804", "outcome": "holding", "then": "Turning to the remaining prongs of the Watson analysis, we also conclude that they do not support an “acting under” relationship.", "conditions": [], "exceptions": [], "elements": [], "open": [ "Inga uttryckliga villkor i rättsregeln; regeln gäller i den situation domen avser.", "Inga rekvisit ur lexikonet kunde knytas till regeln." ] }, { "decision_id": "decision:us:ca9-24-1256-2026-09-24#5", "precedent_id": "precedent:us:ca9-24-1256-2026-09-24#5", "paragraph_id": "para_866", "outcome": "holding", "then": "12 Thus, although this factor is perhaps not as clear cut as the others, we conclude that Defendants’ evidence of federal oversight does not rise to the level of subjection, guidance, or control.", "conditions": [], "exceptions": [], "elements": [], "open": [ "Inga uttryckliga villkor i rättsregeln; 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