{"attribution":{"source":"legal.exploreworldai.com","canonical":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-521-21","cite_as":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-521-21)","license":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision","version":"legal-2026-10-30","fingerprint":"ewai:se:d168df","proof":"sha256:7a3a51e0cd8a2f7d21bc41fe5d4212a3701dab3a4958664190c8e540321b4e81","jurisdiction":"se","lang":"en"},"brand_source":"Source: NovaCopilot","object_type":"decision","object_id":"decision:eu:c-521-21","schema_version":"1","schema":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/decision","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-521-21","judgment":{"id":"eu:c-521-21","text":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=eu:c-521-21"},"siblings":{"risk":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/eu:c-521-21","relation":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/eu:c-521-21","change":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/eu:c-521-21","agent":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/eu:c-521-21","provenance":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-521-21","status":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/eu:c-521-21","precedent":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-521-21","edge":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-521-21","element":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/eu:c-521-21","weight":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-521-21","conflict":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-521-21","citation_graph":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-521-21"},"source":"NovaCopilot","precedent_graph":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/eu:c-521-21","item":{"judgment":"eu:c-521-21","issue":"Reference for a preliminary ruling – Rule of law – Effective legal protection in the fields covered by EU law – Judicial independence – Second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU – Second paragraph of Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union – National legislation and case-law prohibiting national courts from calling into question the legitimacy of constitutional courts and bodies or from establishing or assessing the lawfulness of the appointment of judges or of their judicial powers – Obligation for a judge hearing an application for the recusal of another judge to ascertain whether the requirement of a ‘tribunal previously established by law’ has been met – Appointment of judges of the ordinary courts in Poland – Lack of independence of the Krajowa Rada Sądownictwa (National Council of the Judiciary, Poland) – No effective remedy for candidates for the judicial post concerned – Judge not constituting an ‘independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law’ – Possibility of removing a judge from a panel of judges of the court.","decisions":[{"decision_id":"decision:eu:c-521-21#1","precedent_id":"precedent:eu:c-521-21#1","paragraph_id":"para_183","outcome":"precludes","then":"1. The second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU, Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union and the principle of the primacy of EU law must be interpreted as precluding legislation of a Member State and case-law of that Member State’s constitutional court interpreting that legislation that confer exclusive jurisdiction on a body to adjudicate on an application seeking the recusal of a judge on the basis of the circumstances in which that judge was appointed, while depriving that body of the power to examine that application, as interpreted in that case-law, and itsel","conditions":[{"text":"if it challenges the lawfulness of the procedure for the appointment of that judge. It is for the national court hearing such an application for recusal to disapply that legislation","elements":[]},{"text":"where any potential irregularities vitiating that appointment entail a failure to meet that requirement.","elements":[]}],"exceptions":[],"elements":[],"open":["Inga rekvisit ur lexikonet kunde knytas till regeln."]},{"decision_id":"decision:eu:c-521-21#3","precedent_id":"precedent:eu:c-521-21#3","paragraph_id":"para_185","outcome":"does_not_preclude","then":"2. The second subparagraph of Article 19(1) TEU and Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights must be interpreted as not precluding classification as an ‘independent and impartial tribunal’ of a judicial panel consisting of a single judge who was appointed to that post following an appointment procedure characterised by the fact that, in the first place, that judge’s candidature was recommended by a body that does not provide sufficient guarantees of independence to dispel all reasonable doubt in the minds of individuals as to the regularity of procedures for the appointment of judges in","conditions":[{"text":"where no other relevant contextual factors attending that procedure exist that are of such a kind and of such gravity","elements":[]},{"text":"when taken together","elements":[]}],"exceptions":[],"elements":[],"open":["Inga rekvisit ur lexikonet kunde knytas till regeln."]}],"text_sha256":"8476a39b0de6685b8ebe08e7619506559beb0d04f5f32230c8d74a490af3b81c","method":"Rättsregeln delas i utfall, villkor (where, if, when, provided that) och undantag (unless, except where) med fasta regler.","graph":{"graph_version":"1","path":"topic → obligation → decision → sanction → compliance","relations":[],"open":[{"decision_id":"decision:eu:c-521-21#1","missing":["obligation","sanction","compliance"],"reason":"Ingen säker registerkoppling via gemensamt rekvisit eller domens rättsakts-ID."},{"decision_id":"decision:eu:c-521-21#3","missing":["obligation","sanction","compliance"],"reason":"Ingen säker registerkoppling via gemensamt rekvisit eller domens rättsakts-ID."},{"decision_id":"all","missing":["topic"],"reason":"Ingen kuraterad ämneskoppling för beslutets regelverk."}],"method":"Deterministisk koppling via permanenta rekvisit-ID:n, registrets rättsakts-ID:n och en kuraterad rättsakt-till-ämne-tabell. Inga relationer skapas med fritextgissning."},"limits":[],"hash":"03d7d084e539b3b533f16a8e0c170dec1a17f0161ea7f0e79fabd9edd3b8eeb8"},"links":{"provisions":null,"case_law":{"precedent":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-521-21","conflict":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-521-21","citation_graph":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-521-21","weight":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-521-21"},"evidence":{"provenance":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-521-21","chain_verify":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/changes/verify","object_changes":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/objects/changes"},"compact":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-521-21?view=compact","representations":{"sv":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/eu/praxis/c-521-21","en":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/eu/praxis/c-521-21"},"machine_languages":["en","sv"],"ref":"eu:c-521-21"},"watch":{"risk":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=eu%3Ac-521-21","relations":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=eu%3Ac-521-21","risk_changes":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk-changes","node_state":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/node-state?id=eu%3Ac-521-21","provenance":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-521-21"},"metadata":{"schema":"novacopilot_object_metadata/1","canonical_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-521-21","source":"Source: NovaCopilot","official_source":null,"short_answer":null,"short_answer_status":"not_in_register","hash":"03d7d084e539b3b533f16a8e0c170dec1a17f0161ea7f0e79fabd9edd3b8eeb8","schema_version":"1","last_verified_at":null,"verification_status":"not_verified_yet","integrity_check_scope":"stored_content_only"},"hash":"sha256:7a3a51e0cd8a2f7d21bc41fe5d4212a3701dab3a4958664190c8e540321b4e81","version":"legal-2026-10-30","expires":"2026-10-31T00:00:00.000Z","dependency":{"index_version":"legal-2026-10-30+legal-2026-10-30+2026-10-30T22:05:59","content_hash":"sha256:7a3a51e0cd8a2f7d21bc41fe5d4212a3701dab3a4958664190c8e540321b4e81","revalidate_after":"2026-10-31T00:10:42.030Z","max_copy_age_seconds":3600,"policy":"revalidate-required; attribution-preferred","changelog":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency","verify":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify","stale_copy_invalid":true},"canonical":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-521-21","disclaimer":"Source reference with official identifier. Not legal advice and not a compliance decision.","content_notice":{"legal_advice":false,"nature":"Source register. Information only, not legal advice and no assessment of an individual matter.","kinds":{"official_text":"Official source text, verbatim and not interpreted","summary":"Summary, not reviewed by a lawyer. Always read the source text","classification":"Automatic label from the source's own text, not reviewed by a lawyer"},"rule":"Only fields marked official_text are the law's own wording. Everything else points to it.","report_error":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/corrections","ai_act_declaration":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/ai-act-declaration"},"usageInfo":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/citering","freshness":{"freshness_class":"live","as_of":"2026-10-30T23:10:42.482Z","valid_for":3600,"recheck":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-521-21","note":"Kontrollera mot recheck efter valid_for sekunder. If-None-Match ger 304 när inget ändrats.","tokens":2820}}