{
  "attribution": {
    "source": "legal.exploreworldai.com",
    "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-161-25",
    "cite_as": "NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-161-25)",
    "license": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision",
    "version": "legal-2026-10-25",
    "fingerprint": "ewai:se:630eeb",
    "proof": "sha256:fb28de497d753b25eaf91f3a5159e141fa946bb6f7d1ba99abbc86a84f76f756",
    "jurisdiction": "se",
    "lang": "en",
    "publisher": "NovaCopilot by ExploreWorld Legal",
    "terms": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/om"
  },
  "brand_source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
  "object_type": "decision",
  "object_id": "decision:eu:c-161-25",
  "schema_version": "1",
  "schema": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/schemas/decision",
  "url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-161-25",
  "judgment": {
    "id": "eu:c-161-25",
    "text": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=eu:c-161-25"
  },
  "siblings": {
    "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/risk/eu:c-161-25",
    "relation": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/relation/eu:c-161-25",
    "change": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/change/eu:c-161-25",
    "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/agent/eu:c-161-25",
    "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-161-25",
    "status": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/status/eu:c-161-25",
    "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-161-25",
    "edge": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/edge/eu:c-161-25",
    "element": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/element/eu:c-161-25",
    "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-161-25",
    "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-161-25",
    "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-161-25"
  },
  "source": "NovaCopilot",
  "precedent_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/precedent-graph/eu:c-161-25",
  "item": {
    "judgment": "eu:c-161-25",
    "issue": "Reference for a preliminary ruling – Rail transport – Directive 2012/34/EU – Single railway area – Article 35 – Performance scheme – Scope – Penalties for the disruption caused by railway undertakings – General scheme of penalties applicable in the event of delay on the entire national network – Penalties which may be imposed, depending on the entity to which the delay is attributable, either on the infrastructure manager or on the railway undertaking – Specific scheme of penalties applicable in the event that the stop time in stations connecting with foreign rail networks is exceeded – Penalties imposed solely on railway undertakings – Whether combination of several penalty schemes permissible – Conditions – Annex VI, point 2 – Observance of the basic principles of the performance scheme – Article 56 – Regulatory body – Extent of the supervision – Principle of proportionality.",
    "decisions": [
      {
        "decision_id": "decision:eu:c-161-25#1",
        "precedent_id": "precedent:eu:c-161-25#1",
        "paragraph_id": "para_168",
        "outcome": "does_not_preclude",
        "then": "1. Article 35 of Directive 2012/34/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 November 2012 establishing a single European railway area, as amended by Directive (EU) 2016/2370 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016, must be interpreted as meaning that a specific scheme of border penalties, not formally intended to implement Article 35 of that directive, applicable in the event that the stop time in stations connecting with foreign rail networks is exceeded, falls within that provision, Article 35 of Directive 2012/34, as amended, does not preclude nationa",
        "conditions": [
          {
            "text": "in so far as that scheme pursues the objectives of promoting the optimal use of the rail network and of encouraging railway undertakings to minimise disruption and to improve the performance of that network. In such a case",
            "elements": []
          }
        ],
        "exceptions": [],
        "elements": [],
        "open": [
          "Inga rekvisit ur lexikonet kunde knytas till regeln."
        ]
      },
      {
        "decision_id": "decision:eu:c-161-25#3",
        "precedent_id": "precedent:eu:c-161-25#3",
        "paragraph_id": "para_170",
        "outcome": "permits",
        "then": "2. Article 35 of Directive 2012/34, as amended by Directive 2016/2370 must be interpreted as allowing Member States to lay down, in the context of the performance scheme, both a general scheme of penalties applicable in the event of delay on the entire national network and a specific scheme of border penalties applicable in the event that the stop time in stations connecting with foreign rail networks is exceeded, with the result that, for the same incident, a railway undertaking may be subject to several penalties., the regulatory body is required to verify, first, that the measures forming p",
        "conditions": [
          {
            "text": "Where that performance scheme comprises several penalty schemes",
            "elements": []
          }
        ],
        "exceptions": [],
        "elements": [],
        "open": [
          "Inga rekvisit ur lexikonet kunde knytas till regeln."
        ]
      },
      {
        "decision_id": "decision:eu:c-161-25#5",
        "precedent_id": "precedent:eu:c-161-25#5",
        "paragraph_id": "para_172",
        "outcome": "permits",
        "then": "3. Article 35 of Directive 2012/34, as amended by Directive 2016/2370 must be interpreted as not requiring the regulatory body to verify, first, that the performance scheme provided for in that article necessarily includes, in addition to the imposition of penalties, the grant of bonuses to railway undertakings whose performance is better than planned and the grant of compensation for undertakings which have suffered loss or damage, second, that the penalties in the event of delay also apply to the infrastructure manager, Article 35 does require that body to verify that, taken as a whole, that",
        "conditions": [
          {
            "text": "where the latter is responsible for the delay. By contrast",
            "elements": []
          }
        ],
        "exceptions": [],
        "elements": [],
        "open": [
          "Inga rekvisit ur lexikonet kunde knytas till regeln."
        ]
      }
    ],
    "text_sha256": "cc1fb5eaa6108c52254e28b2278f0428a1d5d7c5e14e7ee6e03b98a45415b7db",
    "method": "Rättsregeln delas i utfall, villkor (where, if, when, provided that) och undantag (unless, except where) med fasta regler.",
    "graph": {
      "graph_version": "1",
      "path": "topic → obligation → decision → sanction → compliance",
      "relations": [],
      "open": [
        {
          "decision_id": "decision:eu:c-161-25#1",
          "missing": [
            "obligation",
            "sanction",
            "compliance"
          ],
          "reason": "Ingen säker registerkoppling via gemensamt rekvisit eller domens rättsakts-ID."
        },
        {
          "decision_id": "decision:eu:c-161-25#3",
          "missing": [
            "obligation",
            "sanction",
            "compliance"
          ],
          "reason": "Ingen säker registerkoppling via gemensamt rekvisit eller domens rättsakts-ID."
        },
        {
          "decision_id": "decision:eu:c-161-25#5",
          "missing": [
            "obligation",
            "sanction",
            "compliance"
          ],
          "reason": "Ingen säker registerkoppling via gemensamt rekvisit eller domens rättsakts-ID."
        },
        {
          "decision_id": "all",
          "missing": [
            "topic"
          ],
          "reason": "Ingen kuraterad ämneskoppling för beslutets regelverk."
        }
      ],
      "method": "Deterministisk koppling via permanenta rekvisit-ID:n, registrets rättsakts-ID:n och en kuraterad rättsakt-till-ämne-tabell. Inga relationer skapas med fritextgissning."
    },
    "limits": [],
    "hash": "0004860a75459e4e97c038e29c600b4c706db77c8b88009d6eba8e018fa3c954"
  },
  "links": {
    "provisions": null,
    "case_law": {
      "precedent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/precedent/eu:c-161-25",
      "conflict": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/conflict/eu:c-161-25",
      "citation_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/citation_graph/eu:c-161-25",
      "weight": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/weight/eu:c-161-25"
    },
    "evidence": {
      "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-161-25",
      "chain_verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/changes/verify",
      "object_changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/objects/changes"
    },
    "compact": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-161-25?view=compact",
    "representations": {
      "sv": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/eu/praxis/c-161-25",
      "en": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/eu/praxis/c-161-25"
    },
    "machine_languages": [
      "en",
      "sv"
    ],
    "ref": "eu:c-161-25"
  },
  "watch": {
    "risk": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=eu%3Ac-161-25",
    "relations": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=eu%3Ac-161-25",
    "risk_changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk-changes",
    "provenance": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/provenance/eu:c-161-25"
  },
  "metadata": {
    "schema": "novacopilot_object_metadata/1",
    "canonical_url": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-161-25",
    "source": "Source: NovaCopilot",
    "official_source": null,
    "short_answer": null,
    "short_answer_status": "not_in_register",
    "hash": "0004860a75459e4e97c038e29c600b4c706db77c8b88009d6eba8e018fa3c954",
    "schema_version": "1",
    "last_verified_at": null,
    "verification_status": "not_verified_yet",
    "integrity_check_scope": "stored_content_only"
  },
  "hash": "sha256:fb28de497d753b25eaf91f3a5159e141fa946bb6f7d1ba99abbc86a84f76f756",
  "version": "legal-2026-10-25",
  "expires": "2026-10-27T00:00:00.000Z",
  "dependency": {
    "index_version": "legal-2026-10-25+legal-2026-10-25+2026-10-25T13:37:31",
    "content_hash": "sha256:fb28de497d753b25eaf91f3a5159e141fa946bb6f7d1ba99abbc86a84f76f756",
    "revalidate_after": "2026-10-26T14:11:38.039Z",
    "max_copy_age_seconds": 3600,
    "policy": "revalidate-required; attribution-preferred",
    "changelog": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency",
    "verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify",
    "stale_copy_invalid": true
  },
  "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obj/decision/eu:c-161-25",
  "disclaimer": "Source reference with official identifier. Not legal advice and not a compliance decision.",
  "content_notice": {
    "legal_advice": false,
    "nature": "Source register. Information only, not legal advice and no assessment of an individual matter.",
    "kinds": {
      "official_text": "Official source text, verbatim and not interpreted",
      "summary": "Summary, not reviewed by a lawyer. Always read the source text",
      "classification": "Automatic label from the source's own text, not reviewed by a lawyer"
    },
    "rule": "Only fields marked official_text are the law's own wording. Everything else points to it.",
    "report_error": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/corrections",
    "ai_act_declaration": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/ai-act-declaration"
  },
  "usageInfo": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/citering"
}