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Alsup, 2026-Ohio-233.]", "paragraph_id": "para_1" }, { "text": "COURT OF APPEALS", "paragraph_id": "para_2" }, { "text": "MORGAN COUNTY, OHIO", "paragraph_id": "para_3" }, { "text": "FIFTH APPELLATE DISTRICT", "paragraph_id": "para_4" }, { "text": "TRACI DONN ALSUP,", "paragraph_id": "para_5" }, { "text": "Petitioner - Appellee", "paragraph_id": "para_6" }, { "text": "-vs-", "paragraph_id": "para_7" }, { "text": "MATTHEW RAZEN ALSUP,", "paragraph_id": "para_8" }, { "text": "Respondent - Appellant", "paragraph_id": "para_9" }, { "text": "Case No. 25AP0002", "paragraph_id": "para_10" }, { "text": "Opinion And Judgment Entry", "paragraph_id": "para_11" }, { "text": "Appeal from the Morgan County Court of", "paragraph_id": "para_12" }, { "text": "Common Pleas, Case No. 25 DV 0127", "paragraph_id": "para_13" }, { "text": "Judgment: Affirmed", "paragraph_id": "para_14" }, { "text": "Date of Judgment Entry: January 23, 2026", "paragraph_id": "para_15" }, { "text": "BEFORE: Craig R Baldwin; William B. Hoffman; David M. Gormley, Judges", "paragraph_id": "para_16" }, { "text": "APPEARANCES: CHRISTOPHER L. TROLINGER, for Petitioner-Appellee; SHOSHANNA", "paragraph_id": "para_17" }, { "text": "M. BROOKER, for Respondent-Appellant.", "paragraph_id": "para_18" }, { "text": "Baldwin, P.J.", "paragraph_id": "para_19" }, { "text": "STATEMENT OF FACTS AND THE CASE", "paragraph_id": "para_20" }, { "text": "{¶1} The appellee, Traci Donn Alsup, filed a Petition for Domestic Violence Civil", "paragraph_id": "para_21" }, { "text": "Protection Order (DVCPO) pursuant to R.C. 3113.31 against the appellant, husband", "paragraph_id": "para_22" }, { "text": "Matthew Razen Alsup, on June 16, 2025. The appellee attached to her Petition a hand-", "paragraph_id": "para_23" }, { "text": "written account of the appellant’s alleged actions giving rise to her Petition. The trial court", "paragraph_id": "para_24" }, { "text": "granted an Ex Parte DVCPO the same day, and scheduled the matter for a full hearing", "paragraph_id": "para_25" }, { "text": "on June 30, 2025.", "paragraph_id": "para_26" }, { "text": "{¶2} Deputy sheriffs personally served the DVCPO upon the appellant on June", "paragraph_id": "para_27" }, { "text": "16, 2025. The appellant retained counsel, who filed a Notice of Appearance and a Motion", "paragraph_id": "para_28" }, { "text": "to Continue the June 30, 2025, hearing due to a scheduling conflict. Due to time", "paragraph_id": "para_29" }, { "text": "constraints and distance, the appellant’s counsel submitted the Notice and Motion,", "paragraph_id": "para_30" }, { "text": "together with a proposed Entry Granting Continuance, via e-mail. The Notice and Motion", "paragraph_id": "para_31" }, { "text": "were time-stamped June 25, 2025. On July 1, 2025, the trial court issued an Entry", "paragraph_id": "para_32" }, { "text": "Granting Continuance and rescheduled the full hearing for July 9, 2025. The appellant", "paragraph_id": "para_33" }, { "text": "concedes that the file-stamped documents were returned to his counsel via e-mail, stating", "paragraph_id": "para_34" }, { "text": "that “[u]nbeknownst to Attorney Brooker the email included the signed Entry continuing", "paragraph_id": "para_35" }, { "text": "the full hearing to July 9, 2025, at 8:00 a.m.” The appellant does not deny that his counsel", "paragraph_id": "para_36" }, { "text": "received the Entry; but rather, that “the email message contained no language indicating", "paragraph_id": "para_37" }, { "text": "that the continuance entry was included…”.", "paragraph_id": "para_38" }, { "text": "{¶3} The full DVCPO hearing proceeded on July 9, 2025. Neither the appellant", "paragraph_id": "para_39" }, { "text": "nor his counsel attended. The trial court issued Domestic Violence Civil Protection Order", "paragraph_id": "para_40" }, { "text": "(CPO) Full Hearing (R.C. 3113.31) on July 9, 2025.", "paragraph_id": "para_41" }, { "text": "{¶4} On July 25, 2025, the appellant filed a Motion for Relief from Judgment and", "paragraph_id": "para_42" }, { "text": "to Vacate Order to which he attached as an exhibit a photocopy of the July 1, 2025, email", "paragraph_id": "para_43" }, { "text": "received by his attorney. Said July 1, 2025, email clearly shows three time-stamped", "paragraph_id": "para_44" }, { "text": "documents attached at the bottom of the email with the full caption of each visible: the", "paragraph_id": "para_45" }, { "text": "first attachment was the Entry of Continuance; the second was the Motion to Continue;", "paragraph_id": "para_46" }, { "text": "and, the third was the Notice of Appearance of Counsel. The trial court denied the", "paragraph_id": "para_47" }, { "text": "appellant’s Motion on August 4, 2025.", "paragraph_id": "para_48" }, { "text": "{¶5} The appellant filed a timely appeal in which he sets forth the following two", "paragraph_id": "para_49" }, { "text": "assignments of error:", "paragraph_id": "para_50" }, { "text": "{¶6} “I. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED IN CONDUCTING A FULL HEARING AND", "paragraph_id": "para_51" }, { "text": "ISSUING A FINAL DOMESTIC VIOLENCE CIVIL PROTECTION ORDER WITHOUT", "paragraph_id": "para_52" }, { "text": "PROVIDING APPELLANT PROPER NOTICE UNDER CIV.R. 5 AND CIV.R. 6,", "paragraph_id": "para_53" }, { "text": "THEREBY VIOLATING APPELLANT'S DUE PROCESS RIGHTS.”", "paragraph_id": "para_54" }, { "text": "{¶7} “II. THE TRIAL COURT ERRED BY PROCEEDING ON A PETITION THAT", "paragraph_id": "para_55" }, { "text": "FAILED TO STATE ANY SPECIFIC RELIEF SOUGHT OR FACTUAL ALLEGATIONS,", "paragraph_id": "para_56" }, { "text": "THEREBY DEPRIVING APPELLANT OF FAIR NOTICE OF THE CLAIMS AND ISSUES", "paragraph_id": "para_57" }, { "text": "TO BE DEFENDED.”", "paragraph_id": "para_58" }, { "text": "{¶8} For the reasons set forth below, we affirm the decision of the trial court.", "paragraph_id": "para_59" }, { "text": "STANDARD OF REVIEW", "paragraph_id": "para_60" }, { "text": "{¶9} We review whether the trial court properly notified the appellant of the", "paragraph_id": "para_61" }, { "text": "continuance under an abuse of discretion standard. See, Huntington Nat'l Bank v.", "paragraph_id": "para_62" }, { "text": "Payson, 2015-Ohio-1976, ¶ 32 (2nd Dist.); and, Sears v. Kuhn, 2022-Ohio-2898, ¶15 (4th", "paragraph_id": "para_63" }, { "text": "Dist.) (\"However, '[a] reviewing court will not disturb a trial court's finding regarding", "paragraph_id": "para_64" }, { "text": "whether service was proper unless the trial court abused its discretion.'\") The decision", "paragraph_id": "para_65" }, { "text": "regarding whether to grant a civil protection order also lies within the sound discretion of", "paragraph_id": "para_66" }, { "text": "the trial court. L.L. v. R.B., 2017-Ohio-7553, ¶21 (5th Dist.); Singhaus v. Zumbar, 2015-", "paragraph_id": "para_67" }, { "text": "Ohio-4755, ¶22 (5th Dist.).", "paragraph_id": "para_68" }, { "text": "{¶10} In order to find an abuse of discretion, we must determine that the trial", "paragraph_id": "para_69" }, { "text": "court's decision was unreasonable, arbitrary, or unconscionable, and not merely an error", "paragraph_id": "para_70" }, { "text": "of law or judgment. Blakemore v. Blakemore, 5 Ohio St.3d 217 (1983). “. . . Most instances", "paragraph_id": "para_71" }, { "text": "of an abuse of discretion result in decisions that are unreasonable, as opposed to arbitrary", "paragraph_id": "para_72" }, { "text": "and capricious. AAAA Enterprises, Inc. v. River Place Community Urban Redevelopment", "paragraph_id": "para_73" }, { "text": "Corp., 50 Ohio St.3d 157, 161 (1990). A decision that is unreasonable is one that has no", "paragraph_id": "para_74" }, { "text": "sound reasoning process to support it. Id.” Bank One, NA v. Ray, 2005-Ohio-3277, ¶ 15", "paragraph_id": "para_75" }, { "text": "(10th Dist.).", "paragraph_id": "para_76" }, { "text": "ANALYSIS", "paragraph_id": "para_77" }, { "text": "Assignment of Error No. I", "paragraph_id": "para_78" }, { "text": "{¶11} The appellant argues in his first assignment of error that the trial court erred", "paragraph_id": "para_79" }, { "text": "in conducting the full DVCPO hearing because the trial court did not provide proper notice", "paragraph_id": "para_80" }, { "text": "of the hearing. We disagree.", "paragraph_id": "para_81" }, { "text": "{¶12} There is no dispute that the appellant received initial notice of the full", "paragraph_id": "para_82" }, { "text": "hearing scheduled for June 30, 2025, via personal service by the sheriff on June 16, 2025.", "paragraph_id": "para_83" }, { "text": "Indeed, the appellant retained counsel, who filed a Motion to Continue the hearing due to", "paragraph_id": "para_84" }, { "text": "a scheduling conflict. The appellant’s counsel also filed a Notice of Appearance of", "paragraph_id": "para_85" }, { "text": "Counsel, in which her email address was provided. In addition, the appellant’s counsel", "paragraph_id": "para_86" }, { "text": "filed the Notice of Appearance, as well as the Motion to Continue the June 30, 2025,", "paragraph_id": "para_87" }, { "text": "hearing and a proposed Entry Granting Continuance, via e-mail.", "paragraph_id": "para_88" }, { "text": "{¶13} Civ.R. 65.1(C) addresses the issue of service in the context of Civil", "paragraph_id": "para_89" }, { "text": "Protection Orders, and states in pertinent part:", "paragraph_id": "para_90" }, { "text": "(2) Initial service. Initial service, and service of any ex parte", "paragraph_id": "para_91" }, { "text": "protection order that is entered, shall be made in accordance with the", "paragraph_id": "para_92" }, { "text": "provisions for personal service of process within the state under Civ.R. 4.1", "paragraph_id": "para_93" }, { "text": "(B) or outside the state under Civ.R. 4.3 (B)(2). Upon failure of such", "paragraph_id": "para_94" }, { "text": "personal service, or in addition to such personal service, service may be", "paragraph_id": "para_95" }, { "text": "made in accordance with any applicable provision of Civ.R. 4 through Civ.", "paragraph_id": "para_96" }, { "text": "R 4.6.", "paragraph_id": "para_97" }, { "text": "(3) Subsequent service. After service has been made in", "paragraph_id": "para_98" }, { "text": "accordance with division (C)(2) of this rule, any additional service required", "paragraph_id": "para_99" }, { "text": "to be made during the course of the proceedings on Respondent and, if", "paragraph_id": "para_100" }, { "text": "applicable, on the parent, guardian, or legal custodian of Respondent, shall", "paragraph_id": "para_101" }, { "text": "be made in accordance with the provisions of Civ.R. 5(B).", "paragraph_id": "para_102" }, { "text": "{¶14} Civ.R. 5 addresses Service and Filing of Pleadings and Other Papers", "paragraph_id": "para_103" }, { "text": "Subsequent to the Original Complaint, and states at subsection (B):", "paragraph_id": "para_104" }, { "text": "(B) Service: how made", "paragraph_id": "para_105" }, { "text": "(1) Serving a party; serving an attorney", "paragraph_id": "para_106" }, { "text": "Whenever a party is not represented by an attorney, service", "paragraph_id": "para_107" }, { "text": "under this rule shall be made upon the party. If a party is", "paragraph_id": "para_108" }, { "text": "represented by an attorney, service under this rule shall be", "paragraph_id": "para_109" }, { "text": "made on the attorney unless the court orders service on the", "paragraph_id": "para_110" }, { "text": "party. Whenever an attorney has filed a notice of limited", "paragraph_id": "para_111" }, { "text": "appearance pursuant to Civ.R. 3(B), service shall be made", "paragraph_id": "para_112" }, { "text": "upon both that attorney and the party in connection with the", "paragraph_id": "para_113" }, { "text": "proceedings for which the attorney has filed a notice of limited", "paragraph_id": "para_114" }, { "text": "appearance.", "paragraph_id": "para_115" }, { "text": "(2) Service in general", "paragraph_id": "para_116" }, { "text": "A document is served under this rule by:", "paragraph_id": "para_117" }, { "text": "(a) Handing it to the person;", "paragraph_id": "para_118" }, { "text": "(b) Leaving it:", "paragraph_id": "para_119" }, { "text": "(i) At the person’s office with a clerk or other", "paragraph_id": "para_120" }, { "text": "person in charge or, if no one is in charge, in a", "paragraph_id": "para_121" }, { "text": "conspicuous place in the office; or", "paragraph_id": "para_122" }, { "text": "(ii) If the person has no office or the office is", "paragraph_id": "para_123" }, { "text": "closed, at the person’s dwelling or usual place", "paragraph_id": "para_124" }, { "text": "of abode with someone of suitable age and", "paragraph_id": "para_125" }, { "text": "discretion who resides there;", "paragraph_id": "para_126" }, { "text": "(c) Mailing it to the person’s last known address by", "paragraph_id": "para_127" }, { "text": "United States mail, in which event service is complete", "paragraph_id": "para_128" }, { "text": "upon mailing;", "paragraph_id": "para_129" }, { "text": "(d) Delivering it to a commercial carrier service for", "paragraph_id": "para_130" }, { "text": "delivery to the person’s last known address within three", "paragraph_id": "para_131" }, { "text": "calendar days, in which event service is complete upon", "paragraph_id": "para_132" }, { "text": "delivery to the carrier;", "paragraph_id": "para_133" }, { "text": "(e) Leaving it with the clerk of court if the person", "paragraph_id": "para_134" }, { "text": "has no known address; or", "paragraph_id": "para_135" }, { "text": "(f) Sending it by electronic means to a facsimile", "paragraph_id": "para_136" }, { "text": "number or e-mail address provided in accordance with", "paragraph_id": "para_137" }, { "text": "Civ.R. 11 by the attorney or party to be served, or, if", "paragraph_id": "para_138" }, { "text": "mutually agreed in writing by all counsel and", "paragraph_id": "para_139" }, { "text": "unrepresented parties, any other electronic media", "paragraph_id": "para_140" }, { "text": "platform(s), in which event service is complete upon", "paragraph_id": "para_141" }, { "text": "transmission, but is not effective if the serving party", "paragraph_id": "para_142" }, { "text": "learns that it did not reach the person served.", "paragraph_id": "para_143" }, { "text": "{¶15} The appellant does not dispute that his counsel received the email from the", "paragraph_id": "para_144" }, { "text": "clerk of courts to which time-stamped copies of the Entry Granting Continuance, Motion", "paragraph_id": "para_145" }, { "text": "for Continuance, and Notice of Appearance of Counsel were attached. In fact, the", "paragraph_id": "para_146" }, { "text": "appellant attached the email to his Motion for Relief from Judgment and to Vacate Order.", "paragraph_id": "para_147" }, { "text": "The email message from the clerk of courts states “Good Afternoon! I have attached your", "paragraph_id": "para_148" }, { "text": "filed [sic] stamped pleadings. Have a great evening!”, and clearly shows three documents", "paragraph_id": "para_149" }, { "text": "attached at the bottom of the message, with the full caption and name of each document", "paragraph_id": "para_150" }, { "text": "visible. The appellant does not deny that his counsel received the email; instead, he", "paragraph_id": "para_151" }, { "text": "argues that he did not receive proper notice of the full hearing because his counsel did", "paragraph_id": "para_152" }, { "text": "not see and/or review the documents attached to the email message, that he did not", "paragraph_id": "para_153" }, { "text": "consent to service by email, and that he should have received additional notice pursuant", "paragraph_id": "para_154" }, { "text": "to Civil Rule 5. This argument is unpersuasive.", "paragraph_id": "para_155" }, { "text": "{¶16} The Petition for DVCPO was served upon the appellant via personal service", "paragraph_id": "para_156" }, { "text": "by the county sheriff pursuant to Civ.R. 65.1(C)(2). Subsequent service is governed by", "paragraph_id": "para_157" }, { "text": "Civ.R. 65.1(C)(3), which states that “[a]fter service has been made in accordance with", "paragraph_id": "para_158" }, { "text": "division (C)(2) of this rule, any additional service required to be made during the course", "paragraph_id": "para_159" }, { "text": "of the proceedings on Respondent and, if applicable, on the parent, guardian, or legal", "paragraph_id": "para_160" }, { "text": "custodian of Respondent, shall be made in accordance with the provisions of Civ.R. 5(B).”", "paragraph_id": "para_161" }, { "text": "{¶17} Civ.R. 5(B)(2)(f) provides that a document may be properly served under", "paragraph_id": "para_162" }, { "text": "the rule by “[s]ending it by electronic means to a facsimile number or e-mail address", "paragraph_id": "para_163" }, { "text": "provided in accordance with Civ.R. 11 by the attorney….” The appellant’s counsel filed", "paragraph_id": "para_164" }, { "text": "the Notice of Appearance of Counsel and Motion to Continue on which her email address", "paragraph_id": "para_165" }, { "text": "was listed. In addition, appellant’s counsel submitted the Notice, Motion, and proposed", "paragraph_id": "para_166" }, { "text": "Entry Granting Continuance to the court via email. The clerk of courts provided the", "paragraph_id": "para_167" }, { "text": "appellant’s counsel with time-stamped copies of the Notice, Motion, and Entry Granting", "paragraph_id": "para_168" }, { "text": "Continuance via the same method utilized by appellant’s counsel – that is, via email.", "paragraph_id": "para_169" }, { "text": "Furthermore, appellant’s counsel does not dispute that she received the email, which", "paragraph_id": "para_170" }, { "text": "clearly had three documents attached. She simply failed to actually look at the", "paragraph_id": "para_171" }, { "text": "documents. Had she done so, she would have seen the Entry, that she herself drafted", "paragraph_id": "para_172" }, { "text": "and submitted to the court, which contained the new July 9, 2025, full hearing date.", "paragraph_id": "para_173" }, { "text": "{¶18} We find that service of the Entry Granting Continuance containing the new", "paragraph_id": "para_174" }, { "text": "date for the full DVCPO hearing was proper, and the trial court did not abuse its discretion", "paragraph_id": "para_175" }, { "text": "in proceeding with the hearing. Accordingly, we find the appellant’s first assignment of", "paragraph_id": "para_176" }, { "text": "error to be without merit.", "paragraph_id": "para_177" }, { "text": "Assignment of Error No. II", "paragraph_id": "para_178" }, { "text": "{¶19} The appellant argues in his second assignment of error that the appellee’s", "paragraph_id": "para_179" }, { "text": "Petition for DVCPO was legally deficient and as a result should have been denied. We", "paragraph_id": "para_180" }, { "text": "disagree.", "paragraph_id": "para_181" }, { "text": "{¶20} The appellant submits that the appellee’s Petition for DVCPO failed to set", "paragraph_id": "para_182" }, { "text": "forth specific factual allegations and specific relief sought, was fatally defective as a result,", "paragraph_id": "para_183" }, { "text": "and therefore should have been denied. Our review of the record, however, reveals that", "paragraph_id": "para_184" }, { "text": "the appellant failed to present this argument to the trial court. It is axiomatic that a party", "paragraph_id": "para_185" }, { "text": "may not set forth an argument for the first time on appeal.", "paragraph_id": "para_186" }, { "text": "{¶21} This Court addressed the presentation of an argument for the first time on", "paragraph_id": "para_187" }, { "text": "appeal in Kennedy v. Green, 2019-Ohio-854 (5th Dist.):", "paragraph_id": "para_188" }, { "text": ". . . A party cannot assert new arguments for the first time on appeal.", "paragraph_id": "para_189" }, { "text": "Stores Realty Co. v. Cleveland, 322 N.E.2d 629, 41 Ohio St. 2d 41 (1975).", "paragraph_id": "para_190" }, { "text": "As a general rule, a litigant who has the opportunity to raise an issue in the", "paragraph_id": "para_191" }, { "text": "trial court, but declines to do so, waives the right to raise that issue on", "paragraph_id": "para_192" }, { "text": "appeal. The Strip Delaware, LLC v. Landry's Restaurants, Inc., 5th Dist. No.", "paragraph_id": "para_193" }, { "text": "2010CA00316, 2011-Ohio-4075. Since Appellant failed to make such", "paragraph_id": "para_194" }, { "text": "argument to the trial court, this Court will not review these issues on appeal.", "paragraph_id": "para_195" }, { "text": "May v. Westfield Vill. L.P., 5th Dist. No. 02-COA-051, 2003-Ohio-5023,", "paragraph_id": "para_196" }, { "text": "citing Lippy v. Society Nat'l Bank, 88 Ohio App.3d 33, 623 N.E.2d 108", "paragraph_id": "para_197" }, { "text": "(1993).", "paragraph_id": "para_198" }, { "text": "Id. at ¶35. See, also, Stottlemyer Hydromulching, Inc. v. Dearlove, 2015-Ohio-750, ¶31", "paragraph_id": "para_199" }, { "text": "(5th Dist.) (“… Further, as to appellees' argument that there is no Civil Rule 56 evidence", "paragraph_id": "para_200" }, { "text": "to support appellant's motion, a party cannot assert new arguments for the first time on", "paragraph_id": "para_201" }, { "text": "appeal and, a litigant who had the opportunity to raise an issue in the trial court, but", "paragraph_id": "para_202" }, { "text": "declines to do so, waives the right to raise that issue on appeal.”) Since the appellant", "paragraph_id": "para_203" }, { "text": "failed to make the allegedly defective petition argument to the trial court, this Court will", "paragraph_id": "para_204" }, { "text": "not review the issue on appeal.", "paragraph_id": "para_205" }, { "text": "{¶22} Assuming, arguendo, that this argument is properly before the Court, it still", "paragraph_id": "para_206" }, { "text": "fails. The appellee’s Petition contained a two-page handwritten attachment in which the", "paragraph_id": "para_207" }, { "text": "appellee set forth the reasons why she was seeking the DVCPO, including: the", "paragraph_id": "para_208" }, { "text": "appellant’s verbal and physical abuse of the appellee’s autistic and epileptic daughter;", "paragraph_id": "para_209" }, { "text": "the appellant’s verbal abuse of the appellee; the appellant’s refusal to allow the appellee", "paragraph_id": "para_210" }, { "text": "to get out of bed and forcing her to have sex with him; the appellant’s isolation of the", "paragraph_id": "para_211" }, { "text": "appellee from her family; the appellant’s exertion of control over money; and, the", "paragraph_id": "para_212" }, { "text": "appellant’s physical abuse of the appellee following a past surgery in which he held a", "paragraph_id": "para_213" }, { "text": "washcloth over her mouth when the nurses were out of the room, rendering her unable", "paragraph_id": "para_214" }, { "text": "to breathe. The appellee also stated that she was afraid of the appellant because she had", "paragraph_id": "para_215" }, { "text": "an upcoming surgery and he was refusing to allow the appellee’s mother to be present.", "paragraph_id": "para_216" }, { "text": "{¶23} The appellant failed to provide this Court with a transcript of the full hearing.", "paragraph_id": "para_217" }, { "text": "As such, we must accept the trial court’s findings set forth in its July 9, 2025, DVCPO that", "paragraph_id": "para_218" }, { "text": "the appellant “has been controlling physically and financially,” and that there have been", "paragraph_id": "para_219" }, { "text": "“multiple threats made and abuse testified to” by the appellee. We find that the trial court", "paragraph_id": "para_220" }, { "text": "did not act unreasonably, arbitrarily, or unconscionably when it issued the appellee’s", "paragraph_id": "para_221" }, { "text": "requested DVCPO following the full hearing. As such, we find the appellant’s second", "paragraph_id": "para_222" }, { "text": "assignment of error to be without merit.", "paragraph_id": "para_223" }, { "text": "CONCLUSION", "paragraph_id": "para_224" }, { "text": "{¶24} Based upon the foregoing, we overrule the appellant’s assignments of error", "paragraph_id": "para_225" }, { "text": "numbers one and two, and affirm the decision of the Morgan County Court of Common", "paragraph_id": "para_226" }, { "text": "Pleas.", "paragraph_id": "para_227" }, { "text": "{¶25} Costs to appellant.", "paragraph_id": "para_228" }, { "text": "By: Baldwin, P.J.", "paragraph_id": "para_229" }, { "text": "Hoffman, J. and", "paragraph_id": "para_230" }, { "text": "Gormley, J. concur.", "paragraph_id": "para_231" } ], "word_count": 2472, "cites": [], "cited_by": [], "sha256": "bc6939d673e468dd579547abe30df6bc88f6ecabac6bcbd8dc1982cdc7efa9ba", "source_url": "https://www.supremecourt.ohio.gov/rod/docs/pdf/5/2026/2026-Ohio-233.pdf", "fetched_at": "2026-10-10T05:08:07.279+00:00", "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/ai/judgments/us/ohioctapp-25ap0002-2025-12-31", "risk_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=us:ohioctapp-25ap0002-2025-12-31", "relations_graph": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=us:ohioctapp-25ap0002-2025-12-31", "changes": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/us-praxis/changes", "agent": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/us-praxis/agent?id=us:ohioctapp-25ap0002-2025-12-31", "verification": { "stored_sha256": "bc6939d673e468dd579547abe30df6bc88f6ecabac6bcbd8dc1982cdc7efa9ba", "recomputed_sha256": "bc6939d673e468dd579547abe30df6bc88f6ecabac6bcbd8dc1982cdc7efa9ba", "intact": true, "checked_at": "2026-10-13T21:01:39.416Z" } }, "hash": "sha256:51bcb3d2d724efa545501b0553954193a2235c0fe4698a6fd8dfc259c69870fa", "version": "legal-2026-10-13", "expires": "2026-10-14T00:00:00.000Z", "dependency": { "index_version": "legal-2026-10-13+legal-2026-10-13+2026-10-13T20:30:42", "content_hash": "sha256:51bcb3d2d724efa545501b0553954193a2235c0fe4698a6fd8dfc259c69870fa", "revalidate_after": "2026-10-13T22:01:40.015Z", "max_copy_age_seconds": 3600, "policy": "revalidate-required; attribution-preferred", "changelog": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency", "verify": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify", "stale_copy_invalid": true }, "canonical": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=us:ohioctapp-25ap0002-2025-12-31", "follow": [ { "rel": "risk", "href": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=us:ohioctapp-25ap0002-2025-12-31" }, { "rel": "relations", "href": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=us:ohioctapp-25ap0002-2025-12-31" }, { "rel": "agent", "href": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/us-praxis/agent?id=us:ohioctapp-25ap0002-2025-12-31" }, { "rel": "obligations", "href": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obligation-chain" }, { "rel": "changes", "href": "https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/whats-new?jurisdiction=us" } ], "disclaimer": "Source reference with official identifier. 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