{"attribution":{"source":"legal.exploreworldai.com","canonical":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=us:lactapp-56-693-ka-2025-12-17","cite_as":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com (https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=us:lactapp-56-693-ka-2025-12-17)","license":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/revision","version":"legal-2026-10-18","fingerprint":"ewai:us:efda2f","proof":"sha256:da272f8611e6edb556e50b80f809d35a80e6d4941c0a29cf4be31a2e239d5a5f","jurisdiction":"us","lang":"en","publisher":"NovaCopilot by ExploreWorld Legal","terms":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/om"},"brand_source":"Source: NovaCopilot","item":{"schema_version":"1.0.0","id":"us:lactapp-56-693-ka-2025-12-17","jurisdiction":"us","lang":"en","brand_source":"Source: NovaCopilot","brand":{"product":"NovaCopilot","platform":"ExploreWorldAI","infrastructure":"ExploreWorld Legal","infrastructure_url":"legal.exploreworldai.com","legal_entity":"Valkiv Ventures 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matter","paragraphs":["para_1","para_2","para_3","para_4","para_5","para_6","para_7","para_8","para_9","para_10","para_11","para_12","para_13","para_14","para_15","para_16","para_17","para_18","para_19","para_20","para_21","para_22","para_23","para_24","para_25","para_26","para_27","para_28","para_29","para_30","para_31","para_32","para_33","para_34","para_35","para_36","para_37","para_38","para_39","para_40","para_41","para_42","para_43","para_44","para_45","para_46","para_47","para_48","para_49","para_50","para_51","para_52","para_53","para_54","para_55","para_56","para_57","para_58","para_59","para_60","para_61","para_62","para_63","para_64","para_65","para_66","para_67","para_68","para_69","para_70","para_71","para_72","para_73","para_74","para_75","para_76","para_77","para_78","para_79","para_80","para_81","para_82","para_83","para_84","para_85","para_86","para_87","para_88","para_89","para_90","para_91","para_92","para_93","para_94","para_95","para_96","para_97","para_98","para_99","para_100","para_101","para_102","para_103","para_104","para_105","para_106","para_107","para_108","para_109","para_110","para_111","para_112","para_113","para_114","para_115","para_116","para_117","para_118","para_119","para_120","para_121","para_122","para_123","para_124","para_125","para_126","para_127","para_128","para_129","para_130","para_131","para_132","para_133","para_134","para_135","para_136","para_137","para_138","para_139","para_140","para_141","para_142","para_143","para_144","para_145","para_146","para_147","para_148","para_149","para_150","para_151","para_152","para_153","para_154","para_155","para_156","para_157","para_158","para_159","para_160","para_161","para_162","para_163","para_164","para_165","para_166","para_167","para_168","para_169","para_170","para_171","para_172","para_173","para_174","para_175","para_176","para_177","para_178","para_179","para_180","para_181","para_182","para_183","para_184","para_185","para_186","para_187","para_188","para_189","para_190","para_191","para_192","para_193","para_194","para_195","para_196","para_197","para_198","para_199","para_200","para_201","para_202","para_203","para_204","para_205","para_206","para_207","para_208","para_209","para_210","para_211","para_212","para_213","para_214","para_215","para_216","para_217","para_218","para_219","para_220","para_221","para_222","para_223","para_224","para_225","para_226","para_227","para_228","para_229","para_230","para_231","para_232","para_233","para_234","para_235","para_236","para_237","para_238","para_239","para_240","para_241","para_242","para_243","para_244","para_245","para_246","para_247","para_248","para_249","para_250","para_251","para_252","para_253","para_254","para_255","para_256","para_257","para_258","para_259","para_260","para_261","para_262","para_263","para_264","para_265","para_266","para_267","para_268","para_269","para_270","para_271","para_272","para_273","para_274","para_275","para_276","para_277","para_278","para_279","para_280","para_281","para_282","para_283","para_284","para_285","para_286","para_287","para_288","para_289","para_290","para_291","para_292","para_293","para_294","para_295","para_296","para_297","para_298","para_299","para_300","para_301","para_302","para_303","para_304","para_305","para_306","para_307","para_308","para_309","para_310","para_311","para_312","para_313","para_314","para_315","para_316","para_317","para_318","para_319","para_320","para_321","para_322","para_323","para_324","para_325","para_326","para_327","para_328","para_329","para_330","para_331","para_332","para_333","para_334","para_335","para_336","para_337","para_338","para_339","para_340","para_341","para_342","para_343","para_344","para_345","para_346","para_347","para_348","para_349","para_350","para_351","para_352","para_353","para_354","para_355","para_356","para_357","para_358","para_359","para_360","para_361","para_362","para_363","para_364","para_365","para_366","para_367","para_368","para_369","para_370","para_371","para_372","para_373","para_374","para_375","para_376","para_377","para_378","para_379","para_380","para_381","para_382","para_383","para_384","para_385","para_386","para_387","para_388","para_389","para_390"],"kind":"front_matter"}],"paragraphs":[{"text":"Judgment rendered December 17, 2025.","paragraph_id":"para_1"},{"text":"Application for rehearing may be filed","paragraph_id":"para_2"},{"text":"within the delay allowed by Art. 922,","paragraph_id":"para_3"},{"text":"La. C. Cr. P.","paragraph_id":"para_4"},{"text":"No. 56,693-KA","paragraph_id":"para_5"},{"text":"COURT OF APPEAL","paragraph_id":"para_6"},{"text":"SECOND CIRCUIT","paragraph_id":"para_7"},{"text":"STATE OF LOUISIANA","paragraph_id":"para_8"},{"text":"* * * * *","paragraph_id":"para_9"},{"text":"STATE OF LOUISIANA Appellee","paragraph_id":"para_10"},{"text":"versus","paragraph_id":"para_11"},{"text":"TERRANCE MALIK DANGERFIELD Appellant","paragraph_id":"para_12"},{"text":"* * * * *","paragraph_id":"para_13"},{"text":"Appealed from the","paragraph_id":"para_14"},{"text":"First Judicial District Court for the","paragraph_id":"para_15"},{"text":"Parish of Caddo, Louisiana","paragraph_id":"para_16"},{"text":"Trial Court No. 393,286","paragraph_id":"para_17"},{"text":"Honorable Donald Edgar Hathaway, Jr., Judge","paragraph_id":"para_18"},{"text":"* * * * *","paragraph_id":"para_19"},{"text":"LOUISIANA APPEALS AND WRIT Counsel for Appellant","paragraph_id":"para_20"},{"text":"SERVICE","paragraph_id":"para_21"},{"text":"By: Remy Starns","paragraph_id":"para_22"},{"text":"Michael Anthony Mitchell","paragraph_id":"para_23"},{"text":"Corrie R. Gallien","paragraph_id":"para_24"},{"text":"TERRANCE MALIK DANGERFIELD Pro Se","paragraph_id":"para_25"},{"text":"JAMES E. STEWART, SR. Counsel for Appellee","paragraph_id":"para_26"},{"text":"District Attorney","paragraph_id":"para_27"},{"text":"REBECCA ARMAND EDWARDS","paragraph_id":"para_28"},{"text":"KODIE K. SMITH","paragraph_id":"para_29"},{"text":"CHRISTOPHER BOWMAN","paragraph_id":"para_30"},{"text":"Assistant District Attorneys","paragraph_id":"para_31"},{"text":"* * * * *","paragraph_id":"para_32"},{"text":"Before THOMPSON, ROBINSON, and HUNTER, JJ.","paragraph_id":"para_33"},{"text":"ROBINSON, J.","paragraph_id":"para_34"},{"text":"Terrance Malik Dangerfield (“Dangerfield”) was indicted by grand","paragraph_id":"para_35"},{"text":"jury on February 15, 2025, on the following four charges:","paragraph_id":"para_36"},{"text":"Count 1: Manslaughter per La. R.S. 14:31(A)(2)(a);","paragraph_id":"para_37"},{"text":"Count 2: Manslaughter per La. R.S. 14:31(A)(2)(a);","paragraph_id":"para_38"},{"text":"Count 3: Possession of firearm or carrying concealed weapon by","paragraph_id":"para_39"},{"text":"a person convicted of certain felonies per La. R.S. 14:95.1; and","paragraph_id":"para_40"},{"text":"Count 4: Illegal Carrying of Weapons While in Possession of a","paragraph_id":"para_41"},{"text":"Controlled Dangerous Substance – Second Offense per La. R.S.","paragraph_id":"para_42"},{"text":"14:95(E).","paragraph_id":"para_43"},{"text":"Dangerfield was convicted on all counts after a jury trial held","paragraph_id":"para_44"},{"text":"November 6, 2024. At a hearing on January 23, 2025, the trial court found","paragraph_id":"para_45"},{"text":"Dangerfield guilty of being a fourth felony habitual offender as to Counts 1","paragraph_id":"para_46"},{"text":"and 2, and a third felony habitual offender as to Counts 3 and 4. The trial","paragraph_id":"para_47"},{"text":"court sentenced Dangerfield to a term of life imprisonment each for Count 1","paragraph_id":"para_48"},{"text":"and Count 2; 30 years without benefit of probation, parole, or suspension of","paragraph_id":"para_49"},{"text":"sentence for Count 3; and 40 years without benefits for Count 4. All","paragraph_id":"para_50"},{"text":"sentences were ordered to run consecutively, with credit for time served.","paragraph_id":"para_51"},{"text":"Dangerfield’s trial counsel did not file a motion for reconsideration or","paragraph_id":"para_52"},{"text":"a motion for appeal on his behalf. Dangerfield filed a pro se motion for","paragraph_id":"para_53"},{"text":"appeal, which the trial court initially denied. After writs were taken, this","paragraph_id":"para_54"},{"text":"Court remanded with instructions to treat the appeal as a timely filed post-","paragraph_id":"para_55"},{"text":"conviction relief application requesting an out-of-time appeal. The trial","paragraph_id":"para_56"},{"text":"court granted Dangerfield’s post-conviction relief and motion for appeal.","paragraph_id":"para_57"},{"text":"For the reasons set forth below, we AFFIRM the sentences as","paragraph_id":"para_58"},{"text":"AMENDED.","paragraph_id":"para_59"},{"text":"FACTS AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND","paragraph_id":"para_60"},{"text":"On January 10, 2023, Shreveport Police Department (“SPD”) Officer","paragraph_id":"para_61"},{"text":"Aaron Moran (“Officer Moran”) was on patrol when he initiated a traffic","paragraph_id":"para_62"},{"text":"2","paragraph_id":"para_63"},{"text":"stop of a Hyundai vehicle, later determined to be driven by Dangerfield.","paragraph_id":"para_64","court_paragraph":2},{"text":"Dangerfield failed to pull over and a pursuit ensued, in which Dangerfield","paragraph_id":"para_65"},{"text":"drove in excess of 80 miles per hour. Dangerfield exited Highway 3132,","paragraph_id":"para_66"},{"text":"accelerated and ran the traffic light at the Walker Road intersection, and","paragraph_id":"para_67"},{"text":"collided into the driver’s side of the vehicle driven by Faith Alexander.","paragraph_id":"para_68"},{"text":"Both Faith Alexander and her four-year-old daughter, who was in a car seat","paragraph_id":"para_69"},{"text":"in the rear seat, were transported from the scene to the hospital. Faith","paragraph_id":"para_70"},{"text":"Alexander underwent emergency surgery, but she soon succumbed to her","paragraph_id":"para_71"},{"text":"injuries. Her daughter passed away shortly after arriving at the hospital.","paragraph_id":"para_72"},{"text":"Dangerfield fled the scene into a wooded area, then to a nearby","paragraph_id":"para_73"},{"text":"residence where he called from the resident’s mobile phone for someone to","paragraph_id":"para_74"},{"text":"pick him up. The resident’s phone showed that Dangerfield called his","paragraph_id":"para_75"},{"text":"mother, which was the same number provided by Dangerfield in a later","paragraph_id":"para_76"},{"text":"report. The resident was also able to identify Dangerfield in a lineup, in","paragraph_id":"para_77"},{"text":"which he pointed out distinctive neck tattoos. Dangerfield was ultimately","paragraph_id":"para_78"},{"text":"apprehended on January 11, 2023. Dangerfield’s residence and the Hyundai","paragraph_id":"para_79"},{"text":"were also searched, revealing two handguns and large quantities of","paragraph_id":"para_80"},{"text":"marijuana, which were the basis of Counts 3 and 4. DNA evidence was","paragraph_id":"para_81"},{"text":"obtained affirmatively linking him to the vehicle and handgun.","paragraph_id":"para_82"},{"text":"Dangerfield’s identification as the perpetrator is not disputed.","paragraph_id":"para_83"},{"text":"Dangerfield was convicted as charged of two counts of manslaughter,","paragraph_id":"para_84"},{"text":"one count of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon, and one count of","paragraph_id":"para_85"},{"text":"illegal carrying of weapons while in possession of a CDS – second offense.","paragraph_id":"para_86"},{"text":"The State filed a habitual offender bill of information on November 7, 2024,","paragraph_id":"para_87"},{"text":"asserting that Dangerfield had the following prior felony convictions:","paragraph_id":"para_88"},{"text":"3","paragraph_id":"para_89"},{"text":"1. Obstruction of Justice, to which he pled guilty on February 20,","paragraph_id":"para_90","court_paragraph":3},{"text":"2018, in the First Judicial District Court of Caddo, Louisiana in","paragraph_id":"para_91"},{"text":"Docket No 345549. He was sentenced to 3 Years Hard Labor.","paragraph_id":"para_92"},{"text":"2. Attempted Aggravated Criminal Damage to Property to which","paragraph_id":"para_93"},{"text":"he pled guilty on November 19, 2019, in the Twenty-Sixth","paragraph_id":"para_94"},{"text":"Judicial District Court of Bossier, Louisiana in Docket No","paragraph_id":"para_95"},{"text":"219038. He was sentenced to 2 Years Hard Labor Suspended, 2","paragraph_id":"para_96"},{"text":"years Supervised Probation.","paragraph_id":"para_97"},{"text":"3. Illegal Carrying of Weapons While in Possession of a","paragraph_id":"para_98"},{"text":"Controlled Dangerous Substance to which he pled guilty on June","paragraph_id":"para_99"},{"text":"15, 2021, in the First Judicial District Court of Caddo, Louisiana","paragraph_id":"para_100"},{"text":"in Docket No 367771. The defendant was sentenced to 5 Years","paragraph_id":"para_101"},{"text":"Hard Labor.","paragraph_id":"para_102"},{"text":"The State used Counts 1 and 2 to establish Dangerfield’s fourth felony","paragraph_id":"para_103"},{"text":"conviction and Counts 3 and 4 to establish his third felony conviction.","paragraph_id":"para_104"},{"text":"Dangerfield filed a motion to quash the habitual offender bill on December","paragraph_id":"para_105"},{"text":"27, 2024, which was denied.","paragraph_id":"para_106"},{"text":"The trial court sentenced Dangerfield to life imprisonment at hard","paragraph_id":"para_107"},{"text":"labor for Count 1; life imprisonment at hard labor for Count 2; 30 years","paragraph_id":"para_108"},{"text":"without benefits for Count 3; and 40 years without benefits for Count 4. All","paragraph_id":"para_109"},{"text":"sentences were ordered to run consecutively, with credit for time served.","paragraph_id":"para_110"},{"text":"No motion for reconsideration was filed. Dangerfield’s trial counsel","paragraph_id":"para_111"},{"text":"did not file a motion for appeal on his behalf, but Dangerfield filed a pro se","paragraph_id":"para_112"},{"text":"motion for appeal, which the trial court initially denied. The State filed a","paragraph_id":"para_113"},{"text":"response to Dangerfield’s appeal motion, indicating it had no objection to","paragraph_id":"para_114"},{"text":"Dangerfield filing an out-of-time appeal. On May 14, 2025, this Court","paragraph_id":"para_115"},{"text":"granted Dangerfield’s writ application on the denial of his appeal and","paragraph_id":"para_116"},{"text":"remanded the matter to the trial court with instructions to treat the out-of-","paragraph_id":"para_117"},{"text":"time appeal as a timely filed post-conviction relief application requesting an","paragraph_id":"para_118"},{"text":"out-of-time appeal. The trial court granted Dangerfield’s post-conviction","paragraph_id":"para_119"},{"text":"relief and motion for appeal.","paragraph_id":"para_120"},{"text":"4","paragraph_id":"para_121"},{"text":"DISCUSSION","paragraph_id":"para_122","court_paragraph":4},{"text":"Denial of Motion for Sanity Commission","paragraph_id":"para_123"},{"text":"Defense counsel filed a motion to appoint a sanity commission on","paragraph_id":"para_124"},{"text":"October 30, 2024, approximately one week before trial. The State was not","paragraph_id":"para_125"},{"text":"notified of the filing. No documents were included with the pleading.","paragraph_id":"para_126"},{"text":"According to the State, defense counsel was not present in court when the","paragraph_id":"para_127"},{"text":"matter was called, but he appeared later that morning to present the motion","paragraph_id":"para_128"},{"text":"and submit Dangerfield’s medical records under seal. Defense counsel","paragraph_id":"para_129"},{"text":"explained that he did not file the records with the motion due to HIPAA, but","paragraph_id":"para_130"},{"text":"he felt comfortable filing them in court with his client present. When","paragraph_id":"para_131"},{"text":"presenting the motion, defense counsel informed the trial court that","paragraph_id":"para_132"},{"text":"Dangerfield had difficulty assisting in his own defense, stating in particular:","paragraph_id":"para_133"},{"text":"I was able to show that Mr. Dangerfield has been in and out --","paragraph_id":"para_134"},{"text":"and the only reason we don’t have more documentation of his","paragraph_id":"para_135"},{"text":"medical condition is that his mother couldn’t get more because","paragraph_id":"para_136"},{"text":"he’s over 18 now, but from 13 to 18 he went to the mental","paragraph_id":"para_137"},{"text":"institutions or whatever the proper term is on at least four","paragraph_id":"para_138"},{"text":"different occasions, and I’ve been able to give that to the Court.","paragraph_id":"para_139"},{"text":"***","paragraph_id":"para_140"},{"text":"I talked to the client. I talked to the mamma. I talked to","paragraph_id":"para_141"},{"text":"everybody to make sure because this thing is as inconvenient for","paragraph_id":"para_142"},{"text":"me and my client as it is for the Court because if they find that","paragraph_id":"para_143"},{"text":"he’s not competent they are just going to stick him somewhere","paragraph_id":"para_144"},{"text":"until they get him competent. So this is not something that I take","paragraph_id":"para_145"},{"text":"lightly or anybody should take lightly. It has to be something","paragraph_id":"para_146"},{"text":"given the right amount of consideration, but I can’t get into the","paragraph_id":"para_147"},{"text":"specifics of our conversations, but after -- when you’re getting","paragraph_id":"para_148"},{"text":"ready for trial, the conversations are more frequent and they are","paragraph_id":"para_149"},{"text":"longer, and I became concerned about his ability to understand","paragraph_id":"para_150"},{"text":"the magnitude or the gravity of the case.","paragraph_id":"para_151"},{"text":"Dangerfield’s motion included the following assertion of mental","paragraph_id":"para_152"},{"text":"incompetency:","paragraph_id":"para_153"},{"text":"Mr. Dangerfield has been charged with Two Counts of","paragraph_id":"para_154"},{"text":"Manslaughter. The defense alleges that based on Mr.","paragraph_id":"para_155"},{"text":"Dangerfield’s medical history [sic] suggests that he suffers from","paragraph_id":"para_156"},{"text":"5","paragraph_id":"para_157"},{"text":"mental disease, defect or abnormality which precludes him from","paragraph_id":"para_158","court_paragraph":5},{"text":"having the capacity to proceed to trial, to understand the nature","paragraph_id":"para_159"},{"text":"of the proceeding against him or to assist his attorney in the","paragraph_id":"para_160"},{"text":"defense.","paragraph_id":"para_161"},{"text":"The trial court denied the motion, referring to State v. Lott, 574 So. 2d","paragraph_id":"para_162"},{"text":"417 (La. App. 2 Cir. 1991), writ denied, 580 So. 2d 666 (La. 1991), stating","paragraph_id":"para_163"},{"text":"that “the appointment of a sanity commission is not a perfunctory matter or","paragraph_id":"para_164"},{"text":"administerial [sic] duty of the trial court, and it’s not guaranteed in every","paragraph_id":"para_165"},{"text":"case.” It further stated:","paragraph_id":"para_166"},{"text":"Based on everything that I’ve observed - - and, you know, the","paragraph_id":"para_167"},{"text":"reports you filed into the record are from 2013 and 2014 where","paragraph_id":"para_168"},{"text":"he was admitted because he was homicidal and suicidal because","paragraph_id":"para_169"},{"text":"in the eighth grade his girlfriend broke up with him and slept with","paragraph_id":"para_170"},{"text":"another guy, that has no bearing on this case. I’ve seen, based","paragraph_id":"para_171"},{"text":"on his behavior, nothing to indicate to me that he cannot","paragraph_id":"para_172"},{"text":"comprehend the case or assist in his defense, and the Motion to","paragraph_id":"para_173"},{"text":"Appoint Sanity Commission is hereby denied.","paragraph_id":"para_174"},{"text":"In State v. Strain, 42,809 (La. App. 2 Cir 12/05/07), 972 So. 2d 1184,","paragraph_id":"para_175"},{"text":"1187, this Court held that:","paragraph_id":"para_176"},{"text":"A person whose mental condition is such that he lacks the","paragraph_id":"para_177"},{"text":"capacity to understand the nature and object of the proceedings","paragraph_id":"para_178"},{"text":"against him, to consult with counsel and to assist in preparing his","paragraph_id":"para_179"},{"text":"defense may not be subject to trial. State v. Nomey, 613 So. 2d","paragraph_id":"para_180"},{"text":"157 (La. 1993). Due process also demands adequate","paragraph_id":"para_181"},{"text":"anticipatory, protective procedures to minimize the risk that an","paragraph_id":"para_182"},{"text":"incompetent person will be convicted. Medina v. California, 505","paragraph_id":"para_183"},{"text":"U.S. 437, 112 S. Ct. 2572, 120 L. Ed. 2d 353 (1992). Louisiana’s","paragraph_id":"para_184"},{"text":"statutory scheme for detecting mental incapacity “jealously","paragraph_id":"para_185"},{"text":"guards a defendant’s right to a fair trial.” Nomey, supra. Thus,","paragraph_id":"para_186"},{"text":"when there is a bona fide question raised regarding a defendant’s","paragraph_id":"para_187"},{"text":"capacity, the failure to observe procedures to protect a","paragraph_id":"para_188"},{"text":"defendant’s right not to be tried or convicted while incompetent","paragraph_id":"para_189"},{"text":"to stand trial deprives him of his due process right to a fair trial.","paragraph_id":"para_190"},{"text":"State ex rel. Seals v. State, 00-2738 (La. 10/25/02), 831 So. 2d","paragraph_id":"para_191"},{"text":"828. Once the determination that a bona fide question has been","paragraph_id":"para_192"},{"text":"raised regarding a defendant’s capacity, the failure to resolve the","paragraph_id":"para_193"},{"text":"issue of capacity may result in nullification of the conviction and","paragraph_id":"para_194"},{"text":"sentence or a nunc pro tunc hearing to determine competency","paragraph_id":"para_195"},{"text":"retrospectively. Id. Mental incapacity to proceed exists when,","paragraph_id":"para_196"},{"text":"as the result of mental disease or defect, a defendant presently","paragraph_id":"para_197"},{"text":"lacks the capacity to understand the proceedings against him or","paragraph_id":"para_198"},{"text":"to assist in his defense. La. C. Cr. P. art. 641. The defendant’s","paragraph_id":"para_199"},{"text":"6","paragraph_id":"para_200"},{"text":"mental incapacity to proceed may be raised at any time by the","paragraph_id":"para_201","court_paragraph":6},{"text":"defense, the district attorney, or the court. When the question of","paragraph_id":"para_202"},{"text":"the defendant’s mental incapacity to proceed is raised, there shall","paragraph_id":"para_203"},{"text":"be no further steps in the criminal prosecution, except institution","paragraph_id":"para_204"},{"text":"of prosecution, until the defendant is found to have the mental","paragraph_id":"para_205"},{"text":"capacity to proceed. La. C. Cr. P. art. 642. The court shall order","paragraph_id":"para_206"},{"text":"a mental examination of the defendant when it has reasonable","paragraph_id":"para_207"},{"text":"ground to doubt the defendant’s mental capacity to proceed. La.","paragraph_id":"para_208"},{"text":"C. Cr. P. art. 643.","paragraph_id":"para_209"},{"text":"This Court further discussed the determination of a defendant’s","paragraph_id":"para_210"},{"text":"mental capacity in State v. Gilbert, 55,257 (La. App. 2 Cir. 09/27/23), 372","paragraph_id":"para_211"},{"text":"So. 3d 403, 412, writ denied, 23-01422 (La. 4/3/24), 382 So. 3d 105, as","paragraph_id":"para_212"},{"text":"follows:","paragraph_id":"para_213"},{"text":"“Reasonable ground” refers “to information which, objectively","paragraph_id":"para_214"},{"text":"considered, should reasonably raise a doubt about the","paragraph_id":"para_215"},{"text":"defendant’s competency and alert the court to the possibility that","paragraph_id":"para_216"},{"text":"the defendant can neither understand the proceedings, appreciate","paragraph_id":"para_217"},{"text":"the proceedings’ significance, nor rationally aid his attorney in","paragraph_id":"para_218"},{"text":"his defense.” State v. Anderson, 06-2987 (La. 9/9/08), 996 So.","paragraph_id":"para_219"},{"text":"2d 973, 992, cert. denied, 556 U.S. 1165, 129 S. Ct. 1906, 173","paragraph_id":"para_220"},{"text":"L. Ed. 2d 1057 (2009). The trial court’s decision regarding a","paragraph_id":"para_221"},{"text":"defendant’s competency to stand trial should not turn solely upon","paragraph_id":"para_222"},{"text":"whether he suffers from a mental disease or defect but must be","paragraph_id":"para_223"},{"text":"made with specific reference to the nature of the charge, the","paragraph_id":"para_224"},{"text":"complexity of the case, and the gravity of the decision with which","paragraph_id":"para_225"},{"text":"the defendant is faced. A judicial examination of a defendant’s","paragraph_id":"para_226"},{"text":"competency focuses primarily on whether he understands the","paragraph_id":"para_227"},{"text":"nature of the charge and can appreciate its seriousness. State v.","paragraph_id":"para_228"},{"text":"Odenbaugh, 10-0268 (La. 12/6/11), 82 So. 3d 215, cert. denied,","paragraph_id":"para_229"},{"text":"568 U.S. 829, 133 S. Ct. 410, 184 L. Ed. 2d 51 (2012).","paragraph_id":"para_230"},{"text":"The Court goes on to state, “It is not enough that the defense has filed a","paragraph_id":"para_231"},{"text":"motion urging the defense, but there must be sufficient evidence to raise a","paragraph_id":"para_232"},{"text":"reasonable doubt as to such capacity.” Id. at 413.","paragraph_id":"para_233"},{"text":"In its decision in State v. Bridgewater, 00-1529, (La. 1/15/02), 823 So.","paragraph_id":"para_234"},{"text":"2d 877, 892, cert. denied, 537 U.S. 1227, 123 S. Ct. 1266, 154 L. Ed. 2d","paragraph_id":"para_235"},{"text":"1089 (2003), the Louisiana Supreme Court set forth the law as follows:","paragraph_id":"para_236"},{"text":"Simply because a defendant’s capacity to proceed is called into","paragraph_id":"para_237"},{"text":"question by formal motion does not mandate a mental","paragraph_id":"para_238"},{"text":"examination be ordered and a sanity commission be appointed.","paragraph_id":"para_239"},{"text":"7","paragraph_id":"para_240"},{"text":"La. C. Cr. P. arts. 643, 644; State v. Goins, 568 So. 2d 231, 234","paragraph_id":"para_241","court_paragraph":7},{"text":"(La. App. 3 Cir. 1990), writ denied, 573 So. 2d 1117, 1118 (La.","paragraph_id":"para_242"},{"text":"1991). Appointing a sanity commission is neither a perfunctory","paragraph_id":"para_243"},{"text":"matter nor a ministerial duty of the trial court; it is not guaranteed","paragraph_id":"para_244"},{"text":"to every accused in every case. State v. Lott, 574 So. 2d 417, 424","paragraph_id":"para_245"},{"text":"(La. App. 2 Cir.), writ denied, 580 So. 2d 666 (La. 1991). Given","paragraph_id":"para_246"},{"text":"the presumption of sanity, before the court is required to appoint","paragraph_id":"para_247"},{"text":"a sanity commission, the defendant must establish by a","paragraph_id":"para_248"},{"text":"preponderance of the evidence that reasonable grounds exist to","paragraph_id":"para_249"},{"text":"doubt his mental capacity to proceed. State v. Bickham, 404 So.","paragraph_id":"para_250"},{"text":"2d 929, 934 (La. 1981); Goins, supra. A reviewing court owes","paragraph_id":"para_251"},{"text":"the trial court’s determination on these matters great weight, and","paragraph_id":"para_252"},{"text":"the trial court’s ruling will not be disturbed on appeal absent a","paragraph_id":"para_253"},{"text":"clear abuse of discretion. Bickham, supra.","paragraph_id":"para_254"},{"text":"The motion to appoint a sanity commission refers to Dangerfield’s","paragraph_id":"para_255"},{"text":"medical records and includes the basic assertion that he suffers from a","paragraph_id":"para_256"},{"text":"mental condition which precludes him from having the capacity to proceed","paragraph_id":"para_257"},{"text":"at trial. Defense counsel stated during the hearing on the motion that he was","paragraph_id":"para_258"},{"text":"concerned about Dangerfield’s ability to understand the magnitude of the","paragraph_id":"para_259"},{"text":"case. However, defense counsel did not elaborate upon the reasoning for his","paragraph_id":"para_260"},{"text":"concern.","paragraph_id":"para_261"},{"text":"It is apparent that the trial court reviewed the medical records, but","paragraph_id":"para_262"},{"text":"they were not included in the appellate record for review. Nonetheless, we","paragraph_id":"para_263"},{"text":"would point out several instances that would bolster the trial court’s","paragraph_id":"para_264"},{"text":"determination that Dangerfield was competent to stand trial. There was","paragraph_id":"para_265"},{"text":"nothing in the record other than defense counsel’s assertions that would","paragraph_id":"para_266"},{"text":"indicate Dangerfield did not understand the proceedings. As shown in","paragraph_id":"para_267"},{"text":"previous court transcripts, Dangerfield was actually actively engaged in the","paragraph_id":"para_268"},{"text":"proceedings such that it was evident he was well versed in legal processes.","paragraph_id":"para_269"},{"text":"Following trial, Dangerfield filed pro se pleadings. Notably, all of the","paragraph_id":"para_270"},{"text":"instances took place after Dangerfield had been admitted into the institutions","paragraph_id":"para_271"},{"text":"as supposedly was shown in the medical records. In addition, the","paragraph_id":"para_272"},{"text":"8","paragraph_id":"para_273"},{"text":"circumstances of the traffic stop itself and resulting fleeing from authorities","paragraph_id":"para_274","court_paragraph":8},{"text":"indicated that Dangerfield was aware that there would be consequences","paragraph_id":"para_275"},{"text":"resulting from having firearms and drugs in his vehicle.","paragraph_id":"para_276"},{"text":"The trial court observed Dangerfield’s behavior in court and noted","paragraph_id":"para_277"},{"text":"there was nothing to indicate that he lacked capacity to understand the","paragraph_id":"para_278"},{"text":"proceedings or assist in his defense. It also found that the medical records","paragraph_id":"para_279"},{"text":"from years before concerning a teenage breakup had no bearing on","paragraph_id":"para_280"},{"text":"Dangerfield’s mental competency to proceed to trial. Especially given the","paragraph_id":"para_281"},{"text":"presumption of sanity, Dangerfield failed to establish by a preponderance of","paragraph_id":"para_282"},{"text":"the evidence that reasonable grounds existed to doubt his mental capacity to","paragraph_id":"para_283"},{"text":"proceed to trial. The decision to grant or deny a motion to appoint a sanity","paragraph_id":"para_284"},{"text":"commission is within the sound discretion of the trial court. Odenbaugh,","paragraph_id":"para_285"},{"text":"supra; Gilbert, supra. There was no abuse of discretion by the trial court.","paragraph_id":"para_286"},{"text":"Constitutionally Excessive Sentence","paragraph_id":"para_287"},{"text":"Dangerfield attempts to make certain arguments regarding mitigating","paragraph_id":"para_288"},{"text":"factors for his sentence such as his youth, as well as the circumstances of his","paragraph_id":"para_289"},{"text":"prior convictions used in the State’s habitual offender bill. However, as the","paragraph_id":"para_290"},{"text":"State points out, no motion to reconsider sentence was filed. The failure to","paragraph_id":"para_291"},{"text":"file a motion to reconsider sentence relegates sentencing review to","paragraph_id":"para_292"},{"text":"constitutional excessiveness. La. C. Cr. P. art. 881.1(E); State v. Parker,","paragraph_id":"para_293"},{"text":"54,947 (La. App. 2 Cir. 3/1/23), 358 So. 3d 220, writ denied, 23-00417 (La.","paragraph_id":"para_294"},{"text":"10/3/23), 370 So. 3d 1073; State v. Nabors, 53,357 (La. App. 2 Cir.","paragraph_id":"para_295"},{"text":"4/22/20), 295 So. 3d 974, writ denied, 20-00709 (La. 10/6/20), 302 So. 3d","paragraph_id":"para_296"},{"text":"527. Therefore, arguments concerning mitigating factors allegedly not","paragraph_id":"para_297"},{"text":"considered are not properly before this Court, and the only issue for review","paragraph_id":"para_298"},{"text":"is that of the constitutional excessiveness of Dangerfield’s sentence.","paragraph_id":"para_299"},{"text":"9","paragraph_id":"para_300"},{"text":"A sentence that is grossly out of proportion to the serious of the","paragraph_id":"para_301","court_paragraph":9},{"text":"offense or nothing more than a purposeless and needless infliction of pain","paragraph_id":"para_302"},{"text":"and suffering is constitutionally excessive in violation of La. Const. art. I,","paragraph_id":"para_303"},{"text":"§20. State v. Dorthey, 623 So. 2d 1276 (La. 1993); State v. Jackson, 52,606","paragraph_id":"para_304"},{"text":"(La. App. 2 Cir. 4/10/19), 268 So. 3d 1217, writs denied 19-00699 (La.","paragraph_id":"para_305"},{"text":"10/15/19), 280 So. 3d 560 and 19-00797 (La. 1/28/20), 291 So. 3d 1056. A","paragraph_id":"para_306"},{"text":"grossly disproportionate sentence is one, which viewed in light of the harm","paragraph_id":"para_307"},{"text":"done to society, shocks the sense of justice. State v. Weaver, 01-0467 (La.","paragraph_id":"para_308"},{"text":"1/15/02), 805 So. 2d 166; Jackson, supra. The reviewing court considers","paragraph_id":"para_309"},{"text":"only whether the trial court abused its broad sentencing discretion, not","paragraph_id":"para_310"},{"text":"whether some other sentence may have been more appropriate. State v.","paragraph_id":"para_311"},{"text":"Cook, 95-2784 (La. 5/31/96), 674 So. 2d 957, cert. denied, 519 U.S. 1043,","paragraph_id":"para_312"},{"text":"117 S. Ct. 615, 136 L. Ed. 2d 539 (1996).","paragraph_id":"para_313"},{"text":"Dangerfield urges that his age, lack of maturity, and the context of the","paragraph_id":"para_314"},{"text":"prior convictions establish that consecutive life sentences are grossly","paragraph_id":"para_315"},{"text":"disproportionate, and that a constitutionally proportionate sentence imposed","paragraph_id":"para_316"},{"text":"on someone his age must allow for growth, development, and rehabilitation.","paragraph_id":"para_317"},{"text":"He argues that this Court should weigh these factors together and find that","paragraph_id":"para_318"},{"text":"his sentence is unconstitutionally excessive and nothing more than the","paragraph_id":"para_319"},{"text":"purposeless imposition of pain and suffering.","paragraph_id":"para_320"},{"text":"The trial court noted that the evidence proved Dangerfield fled from","paragraph_id":"para_321"},{"text":"police, failed to stop at an intersection, ran a red light, and slammed into the","paragraph_id":"para_322"},{"text":"side of the vehicle, killing Faith Alexander and her four-year-old daughter.","paragraph_id":"para_323"},{"text":"He then fled the scene, and a search of his vehicle uncovered two Glock","paragraph_id":"para_324"},{"text":"handguns and 1.8 pounds of marijuana. It reasoned that someone speeding","paragraph_id":"para_325"},{"text":"who ran a red light while fleeing police would surely contemplate that his","paragraph_id":"para_326"},{"text":"10","paragraph_id":"para_327"},{"text":"actions could cause or threaten serious harm. The trial court further pointed","paragraph_id":"para_328","court_paragraph":10},{"text":"out that Dangerfield was on parole at the time of these offenses.","paragraph_id":"para_329"},{"text":"The trial court explained the sentencing ranges for the convicted","paragraph_id":"para_330"},{"text":"offenses. For the manslaughter of Faith Alexander, the range was","paragraph_id":"para_331"},{"text":"imprisonment at hard labor for not more than 40 years. For the","paragraph_id":"para_332"},{"text":"manslaughter of her four-year-old daughter (a person under the age of ten","paragraph_id":"para_333"},{"text":"years), the range was imprisonment at hard labor and without benefit of","paragraph_id":"para_334"},{"text":"probation, parole, or suspension of sentence for not less than 10 nor more","paragraph_id":"para_335"},{"text":"than 40 years. For Count 3, the offense carried a sentence of not less than","paragraph_id":"para_336"},{"text":"five nor more than 20 years at hard labor without benefit of parole,","paragraph_id":"para_337"},{"text":"probation, or suspension of sentence, and be fined not less than $1,000 nor","paragraph_id":"para_338"},{"text":"more than $5,000. Count 4 carried a sentence of imprisonment at hard labor","paragraph_id":"para_339"},{"text":"for not less than 20 nor more than 30 years without benefit of parole,","paragraph_id":"para_340"},{"text":"probation, or suspension of sentence. However, as a fourth felony offender","paragraph_id":"para_341"},{"text":"for Counts 1 and 2, the sentences are 40 years to life. As a third felony","paragraph_id":"para_342"},{"text":"offender for Count 3, the sentence is 10 to 40 years without benefit of","paragraph_id":"para_343"},{"text":"probation, parole, or suspension of sentence. As a third felony offender for","paragraph_id":"para_344"},{"text":"Count 4, the sentence is 20 to 60 years without the benefit of probation,","paragraph_id":"para_345"},{"text":"parole, or suspension of sentence.","paragraph_id":"para_346"},{"text":"Dangerfield is a repeat offender as shown by his adjudication as a","paragraph_id":"para_347"},{"text":"third and fourth felony offender. He has had ample opportunity for","paragraph_id":"para_348"},{"text":"rehabilitation, but he has chosen not to do so. Even while on parole, he","paragraph_id":"para_349"},{"text":"possessed both firearms and drugs and fled police to avoid being caught with","paragraph_id":"para_350"},{"text":"them. He dangerously drove at excessive speeds and ran a red light, which","paragraph_id":"para_351"},{"text":"resulted in the death of a young mother and her young child. He continued","paragraph_id":"para_352"},{"text":"11","paragraph_id":"para_353"},{"text":"to avoid accountability by fleeing the scene on foot instead of showing any","paragraph_id":"para_354","court_paragraph":11},{"text":"concern for the welfare of the victims.","paragraph_id":"para_355"},{"text":"The consecutive life sentences for the manslaughter convictions of","paragraph_id":"para_356"},{"text":"Faith Alexander and her daughter were appropriate in light of the","paragraph_id":"para_357"},{"text":"circumstances. The sentences imposed for the two firearm offenses were","paragraph_id":"para_358"},{"text":"midrange. For a habitual offender who showed complete disregard for the","paragraph_id":"para_359"},{"text":"lives of others in order to continue his pattern of committing crimes, the","paragraph_id":"para_360"},{"text":"consecutive sentences are not grossly disproportionate to the severity of the","paragraph_id":"para_361"},{"text":"offenses or shocking to the sense of justice, and they are not purposeless and","paragraph_id":"para_362"},{"text":"needless inflictions of pain and suffering. The sentences imposed are not","paragraph_id":"para_363"},{"text":"constitutionally excessive, and the trial court did not abuse its sentencing","paragraph_id":"para_364"},{"text":"discretion.","paragraph_id":"para_365"},{"text":"Error Patent Review","paragraph_id":"para_366"},{"text":"Although the trial court correctly referred to the sentencing provisions","paragraph_id":"para_367"},{"text":"for each offense during its explanation of the sentencing ranges, when the","paragraph_id":"para_368"},{"text":"court pronounced Dangerfield’s sentence, it failed to specify that the","paragraph_id":"para_369"},{"text":"sentences were at hard labor as provided in each statute. The minutes of","paragraph_id":"para_370"},{"text":"court reflect that the sentences are to be served at hard labor. The trial","paragraph_id":"para_371"},{"text":"court’s oversight in failing to state whether Dangerfield’s sentences were to","paragraph_id":"para_372"},{"text":"be served at hard labor renders the sentences illegally lenient. State v.","paragraph_id":"para_373"},{"text":"Shannon, 55,697 (La. App. 2 Cir. 7/17/24), 399 So. 3d 52, writ denied, 24-","paragraph_id":"para_374"},{"text":"00987 (La. 11/20/24), 396 So. 3d 70; State v. Martinez, 52,882 (La. App. 2","paragraph_id":"para_375"},{"text":"Cir. 8/14/19), 278 So. 3d 467; State v. Thomas, 52,617 (La. App. 2 Cir.","paragraph_id":"para_376"},{"text":"5/22/19), 272 So. 3d 999, writ denied, 19-01045 (La. 2/10/20), 292 So. 3d","paragraph_id":"para_377"},{"text":"61. However, because the statutes for all Dangerfield’s convicted offenses","paragraph_id":"para_378"},{"text":"require the sentences to be served at hard labor, the error is self-correcting.","paragraph_id":"para_379"},{"text":"12","paragraph_id":"para_380"},{"text":"Id. Consequently, all of Dangerfield’s sentences shall be served","paragraph_id":"para_381","court_paragraph":12},{"text":"at hard labor.","paragraph_id":"para_382"},{"text":"Further, La. C. Cr. P. art. 882(A) provides that an illegal sentence may","paragraph_id":"para_383"},{"text":"be corrected at any time by the court that imposed the sentence or by an","paragraph_id":"para_384"},{"text":"appellate court on review. As such, any commitment order should be","paragraph_id":"para_385"},{"text":"corrected to reflect that Dangerfield’s sentences are at hard labor.","paragraph_id":"para_386"},{"text":"CONCLUSION","paragraph_id":"para_387"},{"text":"For the reasons stated hereinabove, Dangerfield’s sentences are","paragraph_id":"para_388"},{"text":"hereby AFFIRMED as AMENDED to reflect that each are to be served at","paragraph_id":"para_389"},{"text":"hard labor.","paragraph_id":"para_390"}],"word_count":3862,"cites":["505\nU.S. 437","556 U.S. 1165","568 U.S. 829","537 U.S. 1227","519 U.S. 1043"],"cited_by":[],"sha256":"6130a8c4b7c3360f22858f3b23edc53d3ce01256aecc65a47c115c51c8c5e980","source_url":"https://www.la2nd.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/56693ka.pdf","fetched_at":"2026-10-09T12:25:53.855+00:00","canonical":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/ai/judgments/us/lactapp-56-693-ka-2025-12-17","risk_graph":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=us:lactapp-56-693-ka-2025-12-17","relations_graph":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=us:lactapp-56-693-ka-2025-12-17","changes":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/us-praxis/changes","agent":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/us-praxis/agent?id=us:lactapp-56-693-ka-2025-12-17","neighbors":[{"id":"us:ohioctapp-2-26-07-2026-10-05","name":"Elliott v. 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