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No.","paragraph_id":"para_20"},{"text":"5:21-cv-01640-","paragraph_id":"para_21"},{"text":"JWH-DTB","paragraph_id":"para_22"},{"text":"OPINION","paragraph_id":"para_23"},{"text":"Appeal from the United States District Court","paragraph_id":"para_24"},{"text":"for the Central District of California","paragraph_id":"para_25"},{"text":"John W. Holcomb, District Judge, Presiding","paragraph_id":"para_26"},{"text":"Argued and Submitted July 7, 2026","paragraph_id":"para_27"},{"text":"2 LINHART V. NEW YORK LIFE INS. AND ANNUITY CORP.","paragraph_id":"para_28"},{"text":"Pasadena, California","paragraph_id":"para_29"},{"text":"Filed September 22, 2026","paragraph_id":"para_30"},{"text":"Before: Johnnie B. Rawlinson, Gabriel P. Sanchez, and","paragraph_id":"para_31"},{"text":"Eric C. Tung, Circuit Judges.","paragraph_id":"para_32"},{"text":"Opinion by Judge Tung","paragraph_id":"para_33"},{"text":"SUMMARY*","paragraph_id":"para_34"},{"text":"California Insurance Law","paragraph_id":"para_35"},{"text":"Affirming the district court’s summary judgment in","paragraph_id":"para_36"},{"text":"favor of New York Life Insurance and Annuity Corporation,","paragraph_id":"para_37"},{"text":"the panel held that life-insurance companies are not required","paragraph_id":"para_38"},{"text":"to send designation forms to life-insurance policyholders","paragraph_id":"para_39"},{"text":"whose policies were issued before California Insurance","paragraph_id":"para_40"},{"text":"Code section 10113.72 took effect on January 1, 2013.","paragraph_id":"para_41"},{"text":"In 2007, the Corporation issued Mr. Linhart a life","paragraph_id":"para_42"},{"text":"insurance policy. Mr. Linhart was the policyholder, while","paragraph_id":"para_43"},{"text":"his wife, plaintiff Barbara Linhart, was the sole beneficiary.","paragraph_id":"para_44"},{"text":"The policy lapsed on August 3, 2021, and Mr. Linhart died","paragraph_id":"para_45"},{"text":"four days later. In response to an inquiry from Mr. Linhart’s","paragraph_id":"para_46"},{"text":"estate, the Corporation said that the policy had lapsed and","paragraph_id":"para_47"},{"text":"declined to pay out any amount.","paragraph_id":"para_48"},{"text":"* This summary constitutes no part of the opinion of the court. It has","paragraph_id":"para_49"},{"text":"been prepared by court staff for the convenience of the reader.","paragraph_id":"para_50"},{"text":"LINHART V. NEW YORK LIFE INS. AND ANNUITY CORP. 3","paragraph_id":"para_51"},{"text":"Barbara Linhart sued, alleging that the Corporation","paragraph_id":"para_52"},{"text":"failed to comply with section 10113.72(a)—which requires","paragraph_id":"para_53"},{"text":"an “insurer [to] provide each applicant with a form to make","paragraph_id":"para_54"},{"text":"the designation” of a third party “to receive notice of lapse","paragraph_id":"para_55"},{"text":"or termination” before a policy is issued—by not providing","paragraph_id":"para_56"},{"text":"designation forms to policyholders whose policies were","paragraph_id":"para_57"},{"text":"issued prior to 2013.","paragraph_id":"para_58"},{"text":"The panel held that it was bound by the California","paragraph_id":"para_59"},{"text":"Supreme Court’s decision in McHugh v. Protective Life Ins.","paragraph_id":"para_60"},{"text":"Co., 12 Cal. 5th 213 (2021). Because section 10113.72(a)","paragraph_id":"para_61"},{"text":"applies only to new policies, and Mr. Linhart’s policy was","paragraph_id":"para_62"},{"text":"not new, section 10113.72(a) did not apply to his policy.","paragraph_id":"para_63"},{"text":"Therefore, the section did not require the Corporation to","paragraph_id":"para_64"},{"text":"have sent a designation form to Mr. Linhart while he was","paragraph_id":"para_65"},{"text":"still alive. Accordingly, the panel affirmed the judgment of","paragraph_id":"para_66"},{"text":"the district court.","paragraph_id":"para_67"},{"text":"COUNSEL","paragraph_id":"para_68"},{"text":"Christopher R. Pitoun (argued) and Abigail D. Pershing,","paragraph_id":"para_69"},{"text":"Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, Pasadena, California;","paragraph_id":"para_70"},{"text":"Kevin K. Green, Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro LLP, San","paragraph_id":"para_71"},{"text":"Diego, California; Steve W. Berman, Hagens Berman Sobol","paragraph_id":"para_72"},{"text":"Shapiro LLP, Seattle, Washington; David S. Klevatt, Klevatt","paragraph_id":"para_73"},{"text":"& Associates LLC, Chicago, Illinois; Joseph M. Vanek and","paragraph_id":"para_74"},{"text":"Mitch H. Macknin, Sperling Kenny Nachwalter LLC,","paragraph_id":"para_75"},{"text":"Chicago, Illinois; for Plaintiff-Appellant.","paragraph_id":"para_76"},{"text":"Caleb C. Wolanek (argued), John A. Little Jr., and Michael","paragraph_id":"para_77"},{"text":"D. Mulvaney, Maynard Nexsen PC, Birmingham, Alabama;","paragraph_id":"para_78"},{"text":"Cindy M. Rucker, Maynard Nexsen LLP, Los Angeles,","paragraph_id":"para_79"},{"text":"California; for Defendants-Appellees.","paragraph_id":"para_80"},{"text":"4 LINHART V. NEW YORK LIFE INS. AND ANNUITY CORP.","paragraph_id":"para_81"},{"text":"OPINION","paragraph_id":"para_82"},{"text":"TUNG, Circuit Judge:","paragraph_id":"para_83"},{"text":"In 2012, California added a provision to the insurance","paragraph_id":"para_84"},{"text":"code requiring that life-insurance companies send a","paragraph_id":"para_85"},{"text":"designation form to applicants who sign up for such","paragraph_id":"para_86"},{"text":"insurance. That form would permit applicants to designate","paragraph_id":"para_87"},{"text":"a third party to receive copies of notices whenever the policy","paragraph_id":"para_88"},{"text":"lapses or terminates. This case asks whether insurance","paragraph_id":"para_89"},{"text":"companies must provide such forms to policyholders whose","paragraph_id":"para_90"},{"text":"policies were issued before the statutory provision took","paragraph_id":"para_91"},{"text":"effect on January 1, 2013. We answer no.","paragraph_id":"para_92"},{"text":"I.","paragraph_id":"para_93"},{"text":"In 2007, New York Life Insurance and Annuity","paragraph_id":"para_94"},{"text":"Corporation issued Mr. Linhart a life insurance policy. Mr.","paragraph_id":"para_95"},{"text":"Linhart was the policyholder, while his wife, Barbara","paragraph_id":"para_96"},{"text":"Linhart, was the sole beneficiary. The policy did not require","paragraph_id":"para_97"},{"text":"Mr. Linhart to make regular premium payments. But to keep","paragraph_id":"para_98"},{"text":"the policy active, Mr. Linhart had to make enough payments","paragraph_id":"para_99"},{"text":"so that the policy’s account value could cover the","paragraph_id":"para_100"},{"text":"Corporation’s monthly deduction charge—the monthly cost","paragraph_id":"para_101"},{"text":"to maintain the insurance policy plus fees.","paragraph_id":"para_102"},{"text":"In 2012, the California Legislature added sections","paragraph_id":"para_103"},{"text":"10113.71 and 10113.72 to the California Insurance Code.","paragraph_id":"para_104"},{"text":"See McHugh v. Protective Life Ins. Co., 12 Cal. 5th 213, 225","paragraph_id":"para_105"},{"text":"(2021). These provisions enacted a mandatory grace period","paragraph_id":"para_106"},{"text":"and notice requirements obligating insurance companies to","paragraph_id":"para_107"},{"text":"notify policyholders before cancelling a policy for failure to","paragraph_id":"para_108"},{"text":"make a required payment. Id. Relevant to this appeal,","paragraph_id":"para_109"},{"text":"“Section 10113.72 requires life insurance policies to grant","paragraph_id":"para_110"},{"text":"policy owners the right to designate at least one other person","paragraph_id":"para_111"},{"text":"to receive a notice of an overdue premium and impending","paragraph_id":"para_112"},{"text":"LINHART V. NEW YORK LIFE INS. AND ANNUITY CORP. 5","paragraph_id":"para_113"},{"text":"lapse or termination of the policy.” Id. at 226. Specifically,","paragraph_id":"para_114"},{"text":"section 10113.72(a) requires an “insurer [to] provide each","paragraph_id":"para_115"},{"text":"applicant with a form to make the designation” of a third","paragraph_id":"para_116"},{"text":"party “to receive notice of lapse or termination” before a","paragraph_id":"para_117"},{"text":"policy is issued, and section 10113.72(b) requires the insurer","paragraph_id":"para_118"},{"text":"to “notify the policy owner annually of the right to change","paragraph_id":"para_119"},{"text":"the written designation or designate one or more persons.”","paragraph_id":"para_120"},{"text":"Id. These provisions went into effect on January 1, 2013.","paragraph_id":"para_121"},{"text":"Id.","paragraph_id":"para_122"},{"text":"Beginning August 2013, the Corporation would send Mr.","paragraph_id":"para_123"},{"text":"Linhart a policy summary each year containing a notice","paragraph_id":"para_124"},{"text":"informing him of his right to make or change a designation","paragraph_id":"para_125"},{"text":"of a third party who would receive notices of policy lapses","paragraph_id":"para_126"},{"text":"or termination. The summaries did not include, nor did the","paragraph_id":"para_127"},{"text":"Corporation ever send, a standalone designation form. Mr.","paragraph_id":"para_128"},{"text":"Linhart never exercised his right to make a designation.","paragraph_id":"para_129"},{"text":"On June 1, 2021, Mr. Linhart’s policy entered into a","paragraph_id":"para_130"},{"text":"grace period prior to expiration because the account value","paragraph_id":"para_131"},{"text":"contained insufficient funds to cover monthly deduction","paragraph_id":"para_132"},{"text":"charges. The Corporation mailed Mr. Linhart a notice","paragraph_id":"para_133"},{"text":"informing him that to prevent the policy from lapsing he","paragraph_id":"para_134"},{"text":"needed to make sufficient payment by August 3, 2021. The","paragraph_id":"para_135"},{"text":"policy lapsed on August 3, 2021, and Mr. Linhart died four","paragraph_id":"para_136"},{"text":"days later. Mr. Linhart’s estate contacted the Corporation to","paragraph_id":"para_137"},{"text":"inquire about the payout under the policy. The Corporation","paragraph_id":"para_138"},{"text":"said that the policy had lapsed and declined to pay out any","paragraph_id":"para_139"},{"text":"amount.","paragraph_id":"para_140"},{"text":"Mr. Linhart’s wife sued. She sought relief from the","paragraph_id":"para_141"},{"text":"Corporation not only for herself, but on behalf of a class.","paragraph_id":"para_142"},{"text":"Ms. Linhart alleges that the Corporation failed to comply","paragraph_id":"para_143"},{"text":"with section 101132.72(a) of the Insurance Code by not","paragraph_id":"para_144"},{"text":"providing designation forms to policyholders whose policies","paragraph_id":"para_145"},{"text":"6 LINHART V. NEW YORK LIFE INS. AND ANNUITY CORP.","paragraph_id":"para_146"},{"text":"were issued prior to 2013. The district court granted","paragraph_id":"para_147"},{"text":"summary judgment for the Corporation, concluding that,","paragraph_id":"para_148"},{"text":"pursuant to the plain language of section 10113.72(a) and the","paragraph_id":"para_149"},{"text":"California Supreme Court’s decision in McHugh, 12 Cal. 5th","paragraph_id":"para_150"},{"text":"213, the Corporation was not required to send Mr. Linhart a","paragraph_id":"para_151"},{"text":"Designation Form. The district court then denied Ms.","paragraph_id":"para_152"},{"text":"Linhart’s motion for class certification. Ms. Linhart now","paragraph_id":"para_153"},{"text":"appeals. We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291.","paragraph_id":"para_154"},{"text":"II.","paragraph_id":"para_155"},{"text":"Ms. Linhart’s appeal turns on whether section","paragraph_id":"para_156"},{"text":"10113.72(a) applies to Mr. Linhart’s policy, which predates","paragraph_id":"para_157"},{"text":"the enactment of that section. In our view, the California","paragraph_id":"para_158"},{"text":"Supreme Court has already answered the question, and we","paragraph_id":"para_159"},{"text":"are bound by its conclusion.","paragraph_id":"para_160"},{"text":"In McHugh, the California Supreme Court stated that","paragraph_id":"para_161"},{"text":"“[o]ne provision, section 10113.72, subdivision (a),","paragraph_id":"para_162"},{"text":"unmistakably applies only to new policies.” 12 Cal. 5th at","paragraph_id":"para_163"},{"text":"236. The Court’s reasoning appears clear and compelling:","paragraph_id":"para_164"},{"text":"Section 10113.72, subdivision (a) relates to","paragraph_id":"para_165"},{"text":"the right to designate at least one third party","paragraph_id":"para_166"},{"text":"recipient to receive a missed premium notice.","paragraph_id":"para_167"},{"text":"This provision applies only to new,","paragraph_id":"para_168"},{"text":"postenactment policies. The language refers","paragraph_id":"para_169"},{"text":"repeatedly to the “applicant” making a","paragraph_id":"para_170"},{"text":"written designation, rather than the “policy","paragraph_id":"para_171"},{"text":"owner,” clearly indicating it applies only to","paragraph_id":"para_172"},{"text":"new policies. [The insurance company] also","paragraph_id":"para_173"},{"text":"persuasively argues that the particular","paragraph_id":"para_174"},{"text":"phrasing of subdivision (a)’s command – it","paragraph_id":"para_175"},{"text":"instructs that a policy “shall not be issued or","paragraph_id":"para_176"},{"text":"delivered . . . until” an applicant has been","paragraph_id":"para_177"},{"text":"LINHART V. NEW YORK LIFE INS. AND ANNUITY CORP. 7","paragraph_id":"para_178"},{"text":"given the written designation right – further","paragraph_id":"para_179"},{"text":"supports that it applies only to new policies","paragraph_id":"para_180"},{"text":"as of 2013, since “shall be” commands often","paragraph_id":"para_181"},{"text":"signify a statute’s forward-looking nature.","paragraph_id":"para_182"},{"text":"Id. (citations omitted).","paragraph_id":"para_183"},{"text":"That resolves this case. Because section 10113.72(a)","paragraph_id":"para_184"},{"text":"applies only to new policies, and Mr. Linhart’s policy is not","paragraph_id":"para_185"},{"text":"new, section 10113.72(a) does not apply to his policy.","paragraph_id":"para_186"},{"text":"Therefore, section 10113.72(a) does not require the","paragraph_id":"para_187"},{"text":"Corporation to have sent a designation form to Mr. Linhart","paragraph_id":"para_188"},{"text":"while he was still alive.","paragraph_id":"para_189"},{"text":"Resisting this conclusion, Ms. Linhart points to other","paragraph_id":"para_190"},{"text":"parts of McHugh that in her view suggests that section","paragraph_id":"para_191"},{"text":"10113.72(a) applies to old policies as well as new ones. She","paragraph_id":"para_192"},{"text":"quotes language from McHugh stating that “sections","paragraph_id":"para_193"},{"text":"10113.71 and 10113.72 apply to all life insurance policies in","paragraph_id":"para_194"},{"text":"force when these two sections went into effect, regardless of","paragraph_id":"para_195"},{"text":"when the policies were originally issued.” McHugh, 12 Cal.","paragraph_id":"para_196"},{"text":"5th at 220.","paragraph_id":"para_197"},{"text":"But that argument is unavailing. The California","paragraph_id":"para_198"},{"text":"Supreme Court’s general statement that section 10113.72","paragraph_id":"para_199"},{"text":"applies to all policies (existing and new) does not answer the","paragraph_id":"para_200"},{"text":"specific question whether one of its sub-provisions—section","paragraph_id":"para_201"},{"text":"10113.72(a)—applies to existing policies. Section 10113.72","paragraph_id":"para_202"},{"text":"contains two other sub-provisions—sub-provision (b),","paragraph_id":"para_203"},{"text":"which requires insurers to notify a policy owner annually of","paragraph_id":"para_204"},{"text":"his right to make or change a designation, and sub-provision","paragraph_id":"para_205"},{"text":"(c), which prevents an insurer from “ending a policy for an","paragraph_id":"para_206"},{"text":"unpaid premium without giving policy owners at least 30","paragraph_id":"para_207"},{"text":"days’ notice.” McHugh, 12 Cal. 5th at 226. That sub-","paragraph_id":"para_208"},{"text":"8 LINHART V. NEW YORK LIFE INS. AND ANNUITY CORP.","paragraph_id":"para_209"},{"text":"provisions (b) and (c) apply to all policies is compatible with","paragraph_id":"para_210"},{"text":"sub-provision (a)’s application to new policies only.","paragraph_id":"para_211"},{"text":"Sub-provisions (b) and (c) govern ongoing notice","paragraph_id":"para_212"},{"text":"requirements, whereas sub-provision (a) requires the","paragraph_id":"para_213"},{"text":"provision of a designation form at a particular point in","paragraph_id":"para_214"},{"text":"time—when an applicant applies for life insurance before a","paragraph_id":"para_215"},{"text":"policy issues. To require the provision of designation forms","paragraph_id":"para_216"},{"text":"after the policy has issued would make nonsense of sub-","paragraph_id":"para_217"},{"text":"provision (a)’s text. Each sub-provision can thus work","paragraph_id":"para_218"},{"text":"together, even as some “apply to both new and existing","paragraph_id":"para_219"},{"text":"policies” while another “unmistakably applies only to new","paragraph_id":"para_220"},{"text":"policies.” Id. at 236. Contrary to Ms. Linhart’s argument","paragraph_id":"para_221"},{"text":"then, the California Supreme Court’s conclusion that the","paragraph_id":"para_222"},{"text":"provisions “create a single, unified pretermination notice","paragraph_id":"para_223"},{"text":"scheme” reinforces (rather than undermines) our conclusion.","paragraph_id":"para_224"},{"text":"Id. at 240.","paragraph_id":"para_225"},{"text":"For these reasons, we affirm the judgment of the district","paragraph_id":"para_226"},{"text":"court.","paragraph_id":"para_227"},{"text":"AFFIRMED.","paragraph_id":"para_228"}],"word_count":1692,"cites":[],"cited_by":[],"sha256":"bc3641592b3b82c5c5cd65049e76e86b281062cd42e499925265e1f37c139c0d","source_url":"https://cdn.ca9.uscourts.gov/datastore/opinions/2026/09/22/25-490.pdf","fetched_at":"2026-10-01T15:41:28.623+00:00","canonical":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/ai/judgments/us/ca9-25-490-2026-09-22","risk_graph":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=us:ca9-25-490-2026-09-22","relations_graph":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=us:ca9-25-490-2026-09-22","changes":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/us-praxis/changes","agent":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/us-praxis/agent?id=us:ca9-25-490-2026-09-22","verification":{"stored_sha256":"bc3641592b3b82c5c5cd65049e76e86b281062cd42e499925265e1f37c139c0d","recomputed_sha256":"bc3641592b3b82c5c5cd65049e76e86b281062cd42e499925265e1f37c139c0d","intact":true,"checked_at":"2026-10-17T21:38:32.744Z"}},"hash":"sha256:478c2242488f8027eaa9a62acad533d4d54cdac4b4e0f519827a9eb96c464315","version":"legal-2026-10-17","expires":"2026-10-18T00:00:00.000Z","dependency":{"index_version":"legal-2026-10-17+legal-2026-10-17+2026-10-17T17:42:33","content_hash":"sha256:478c2242488f8027eaa9a62acad533d4d54cdac4b4e0f519827a9eb96c464315","revalidate_after":"2026-10-17T22:38:32.917Z","max_copy_age_seconds":3600,"policy":"revalidate-required; attribution-preferred","changelog":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/dependency","verify":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/verify","stale_copy_invalid":true},"canonical":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/judgment-text?id=us:ca9-25-490-2026-09-22","follow":[{"rel":"risk","href":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/risk?id=us:ca9-25-490-2026-09-22"},{"rel":"relations","href":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/relations?id=us:ca9-25-490-2026-09-22"},{"rel":"agent","href":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/us-praxis/agent?id=us:ca9-25-490-2026-09-22"},{"rel":"obligations","href":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/obligation-chain"},{"rel":"changes","href":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/api/public/v1/whats-new?jurisdiction=us"}],"disclaimer":"Source reference with official identifier. 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