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      "id": "nc:answer:uk:unfair-dismissal-qualifying-period",
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      "area": "employment",
      "question": "How long must an employee work before claiming unfair dismissal in the UK?",
      "short_answer": "The ordinary unfair dismissal right requires two years of continuous employment.",
      "answer": "The ordinary unfair dismissal right requires two years of continuous employment. Certain dismissals are automatically unfair from day one, including dismissal for pregnancy, for whistleblowing, for asserting a statutory right or for trade union reasons, and those need no qualifying period. A claim is normally brought within three months less one day of the effective date of termination, after early conciliation through Acas.",
      "citation": "Employment Rights Act 1996, Part X",
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      "question": "What is the statutory minimum notice period in the UK?",
      "short_answer": "An employer must give one week's notice after one month of service, then one additional week for each complete year, up to a maximum of twelve weeks.",
      "answer": "An employer must give one week's notice after one month of service, then one additional week for each complete year, up to a maximum of twelve weeks. An employee must give at least one week's notice after one month of service. The contract may give more, never less than the statutory minimum.",
      "citation": "Employment Rights Act 1996, section 86",
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      "question": "How much paid holiday is a UK worker entitled to?",
      "short_answer": "A worker is entitled to 5.6 weeks of paid annual leave, which is 28 days for someone working five days a week.",
      "answer": "A worker is entitled to 5.6 weeks of paid annual leave, which is 28 days for someone working five days a week. The entitlement is made up of four weeks under regulation 13 and 1.6 weeks of additional leave under regulation 13A, and part-time workers receive it pro rata. Bank holidays may be counted towards the 5.6 weeks if the contract says so.",
      "citation": "Working Time Regulations 1998, regulations 13 and 13A",
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      "question": "When must a UK employer give a written statement of employment particulars?",
      "short_answer": "The principal statement must be given on or before the first day of employment, and it applies to workers as well as employees.",
      "answer": "The principal statement must be given on or before the first day of employment, and it applies to workers as well as employees. It must cover pay, hours, place of work, holiday, notice, probation, benefits and any training entitlement. Certain further particulars may follow within two months.",
      "citation": "Employment Rights Act 1996, sections 1-4",
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      "question": "How long does a UK consumer have to reject faulty goods?",
      "short_answer": "The short-term right to reject faulty goods and obtain a refund lasts thirty days from delivery.",
      "answer": "The short-term right to reject faulty goods and obtain a refund lasts thirty days from delivery. After that the trader has one opportunity to repair or replace, and if that fails the consumer may claim a price reduction or the final right to reject. Goods must be of satisfactory quality, fit for purpose and as described.",
      "citation": "Consumer Rights Act 2015, sections 9-24",
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      "question": "What is the cancellation period for an online purchase in the UK?",
      "short_answer": "A consumer buying at a distance normally has fourteen days from receipt of the goods to cancel, and fourteen days from the contract date for a service.",
      "answer": "A consumer buying at a distance normally has fourteen days from receipt of the goods to cancel, and fourteen days from the contract date for a service. If the trader did not give the required cancellation information the period can extend by up to twelve months. Refunds are due within fourteen days of the goods being returned or of the cancellation for services.",
      "citation": "Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013, regulations 29-34",
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      "question": "When must a personal data breach be reported to the ICO?",
      "short_answer": "A controller must notify the Information Commissioner without undue delay and, where feasible, within seventy-two hours of becoming aware of a personal data breach, unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to individuals.",
      "answer": "A controller must notify the Information Commissioner without undue delay and, where feasible, within seventy-two hours of becoming aware of a personal data breach, unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to individuals. Where the risk to individuals is high they must also be told without undue delay. Every breach must be recorded internally, whether or not it is reported.",
      "citation": "UK GDPR Articles 33 and 34, with the Data Protection Act 2018",
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      "question": "How long does a UK organisation have to answer a subject access request?",
      "short_answer": "The response is due without undue delay and at the latest within one month of receipt.",
      "answer": "The response is due without undue delay and at the latest within one month of receipt. The period may be extended by a further two months where the request is complex or where several requests have been made, provided the individual is told within the first month. The copy is provided free of charge unless the request is manifestly unfounded or excessive.",
      "citation": "UK GDPR Article 15 and Article 12(3)",
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      "question": "What are the general duties of a UK company director?",
      "short_answer": "A director must act within powers, promote the success of the company for the benefit of its members, exercise independent judgement, exercise reasonable care, skill and diligence, avoid conflicts of interest, not accept benefits from third parties and declare an interest in a proposed transaction.",
      "answer": "A director must act within powers, promote the success of the company for the benefit of its members, exercise independent judgement, exercise reasonable care, skill and diligence, avoid conflicts of interest, not accept benefits from third parties and declare an interest in a proposed transaction. The duties are owed to the company and are set out in the Companies Act 2006.",
      "citation": "Companies Act 2006, sections 171-177",
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      "question": "What must a UK private company file at Companies House each year?",
      "short_answer": "A private company files an annual confirmation statement and its annual accounts.",
      "answer": "A private company files an annual confirmation statement and its annual accounts. Accounts for a private company are normally due nine months after the end of the accounting reference period, and the first accounts of a new company are due twenty-one months after incorporation. Late filing carries an automatic penalty that rises with the delay.",
      "citation": "Companies Act 2006, Parts 15 and 24",
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      "question": "What is the adequate procedures defence under the Bribery Act?",
      "short_answer": "A commercial organisation charged with failure to prevent bribery has a defence if it can show it had adequate procedures designed to prevent bribery by associated persons.",
      "answer": "A commercial organisation charged with failure to prevent bribery has a defence if it can show it had adequate procedures designed to prevent bribery by associated persons. Government guidance sets out six principles: proportionate procedures, top-level commitment, risk assessment, due diligence, communication and training, and monitoring and review.",
      "citation": "Bribery Act 2010, sections 7 and 9",
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      "question": "Which UK businesses must publish a modern slavery statement?",
      "short_answer": "A commercial organisation that supplies goods or services, carries on business in the United Kingdom and has a total annual turnover of £36 million or more must publish a slavery and human trafficking statement for each financial year.",
      "answer": "A commercial organisation that supplies goods or services, carries on business in the United Kingdom and has a total annual turnover of £36 million or more must publish a slavery and human trafficking statement for each financial year. The statement must be approved by the board and signed by a director, and published on the organisation's website.",
      "citation": "Modern Slavery Act 2015, section 54",
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