{"id":"nc:answer:se:dataskyddsombud-krav","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"data","question":"Does a small Swedish company need a data protection officer?","short_answer":"No, not merely because the company is small or processes personal data.","answer":"No, not merely because the company is small or processes personal data. An officer is required when the body is a public authority, when the core activity consists of regular and systematic monitoring of data subjects on a large scale, or when the core activity consists of large-scale processing of special categories of data or data on criminal offences. A company may appoint one voluntarily, and the same rules on position and tasks then apply.","citation":"GDPR (EU) 2016/679 Article 37, read together with the Swedish Data Protection Act (2018:218)","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/dataskyddslagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/sverige/fragor/dataskyddsombud-krav","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:ef1834f37ee4704dc63e2cd6fd39a3034488cee5c9a93b868319dbf7c059f426","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:personuppgiftsincident-anmalan","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"data","question":"How quickly must a personal data breach be reported in Sweden?","short_answer":"The notification to the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection must be made without undue delay and no later than 72 hours after the controller became aware of the breach.","answer":"The notification to the Swedish Authority for Privacy Protection must be made without undue delay and no later than 72 hours after the controller became aware of the breach. A later notification must be accompanied by reasons for the delay. Where the risk to the rights and freedoms of data subjects is unlikely, no notification is needed, but the assessment must be documented. Where the risk is high, the data subjects must also be informed.","citation":"GDPR (EU) 2016/679 Articles 33 and 34","source_url":"https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/dataskyddslagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/sverige/fragor/personuppgiftsincident-anmalan","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:53f6836fb60a224171ceac6b761813bb208012d38ea9e3c28df8f6b30b94a872","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:semester-antal-dagar","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"arbete","question":"How many days of annual leave is an employee in Sweden entitled to?","short_answer":"Twenty-five days of annual leave per holiday year is the main rule, whether the employment is full-time or part-time.","answer":"Twenty-five days of annual leave per holiday year is the main rule, whether the employment is full-time or part-time. The holiday year runs from 1 April to 31 March, and the preceding year is the qualifying year. Paid leave is earned during the qualifying year, while unpaid leave may be taken at once. A collective agreement may give more days, never fewer than the Act.","citation":"Annual Leave Act (1977:480) sections 4 and 12","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-1977-480/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/semesterlagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/sverige/fragor/semester-antal-dagar","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:2a6a99614d78c7c514e8f303906379a954fff5b07ef7dfd87346e5b94982abc9","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:systematiskt-arbetsmiljoarbete","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"arbete","question":"What does systematic work environment management require of a small employer?","short_answer":"The employer must examine working conditions, assess risks, remedy what can be remedied and follow up that the measures worked, as part of day-to-day operations.","answer":"The employer must examine working conditions, assess risks, remedy what can be remedied and follow up that the measures worked, as part of day-to-day operations. The work is carried out together with employees and the safety representative. From ten employees, the work environment policy, routines, allocation of tasks and the annual follow-up must be documented in writing. Risks not remedied at once go into a written action plan with a date and a responsible person.","citation":"Work Environment Act (1977:1160) chapter 3 section 2 a, with the Work Environment Authority's provisions on systematic work environment management","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-1977-1160/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/arbetsmiljolagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/sverige/fragor/systematiskt-arbetsmiljoarbete","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:46cfcfa6188ec5b6d0894c4c7a1353e17a16c4d2eeb41a0a890fca0fe7aa6cf7","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:kontrollbalansrakning-aktiebolag","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"foretag","question":"When must a Swedish limited company draw up a balance sheet for liquidation purposes?","short_answer":"The board must immediately draw up a control balance sheet, and have the auditor review it, when there is reason to assume that the company's equity is less than half of the registered share capital, and also when enforcement finds no attachable assets.","answer":"The board must immediately draw up a control balance sheet, and have the auditor review it, when there is reason to assume that the company's equity is less than half of the registered share capital, and also when enforcement finds no attachable assets. If the balance sheet shows equity below half, the board must call a first control general meeting. If the board delays, its members may become personally liable for obligations arising thereafter.","citation":"Companies Act (2005:551) chapter 25 sections 13 to 18","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-2005-551/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/aktiebolagslagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/sverige/fragor/kontrollbalansrakning-aktiebolag","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:a78b7990662bc5139843d4a51067062e3dd9d1b9b7b466e179d7c0b6672bb781","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:arkivera-rakenskapsinformation","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"foretag","question":"How long must accounting records be kept in Sweden?","short_answer":"Accounting records must be kept for seven years from the end of the calendar year in which the financial year closed.","answer":"Accounting records must be kept for seven years from the end of the calendar year in which the financial year closed. They must be stored in Sweden, in an orderly, secure and clearly surveyable manner, and in the form in which they reached the business. Records received on paper may be transferred to electronic form, but the original must then be kept for three years.","citation":"Bookkeeping Act (1999:1078) chapter 7 sections 2 and 6","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-1999-1078/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/bokforingslagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/sverige/fragor/arkivera-rakenskapsinformation","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:1267d0c8af96c0b56fe0de4704881c0381037b9dff57440165398fdfd0a8f013","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:reklamationsratt-konsumentkop","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"kund","question":"How long is the right to complain in a Swedish consumer sale?","short_answer":"The buyer may complain about a defect for up to three years from receiving the goods, and the complaint must be made within a reasonable time after the defect was noticed.","answer":"The buyer may complain about a defect for up to three years from receiving the goods, and the complaint must be made within a reasonable time after the defect was noticed. A notice within two months always counts as timely. If the defect appears within two years of delivery it is presumed to have existed at delivery unless the seller shows otherwise; after that the burden of proof lies with the buyer.","citation":"Consumer Sales Act (2022:260) chapter 5 section 2 and chapter 4 section 8","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-2022-260/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/konsumentkoplagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/sverige/fragor/reklamationsratt-konsumentkop","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:5a55da202b495f16cecf82bd6579bfd2c98f08303b00093812a7cc9ceee860c9","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:angerratt-distansavtal","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"kund","question":"How long is the withdrawal period for a Swedish distance contract?","short_answer":"The consumer has a fourteen-day right of withdrawal, counted from the day the goods were received or, for services, from the day the contract was concluded.","answer":"The consumer has a fourteen-day right of withdrawal, counted from the day the goods were received or, for services, from the day the contract was concluded. If the trader did not inform the consumer of the right, the period is extended by up to one year. Some contracts are exempt, including custom-made goods and digital content delivered with the consumer's express consent.","citation":"Distance Contracts Act (2005:59) chapter 2 sections 10 and 12","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-2005-59/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/distansavtalslagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/sverige/fragor/angerratt-distansavtal","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:a7898b2df099cb8f75ca6a277bf48a9c4f00c79edeed485377d8ab5d1baf547a","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:utlamnande-allman-handling","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"samhalle","question":"How quickly must a Swedish public authority release an official document?","short_answer":"An official document that may be released must, on request, be made available immediately or as soon as possible, on the premises and free of charge.","answer":"An official document that may be released must, on request, be made available immediately or as soon as possible, on the premises and free of charge. If a copy is requested it must be provided promptly, and a fee may be charged according to the set tariff. The authority must examine the request promptly, and anyone refused is entitled to a written decision that can be appealed.","citation":"Freedom of the Press Act chapter 2 sections 15 and 16, read with the Public Access to Information and Secrecy Act (2009:400) chapter 6","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-2009-400/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/offentlighets-och-sekretesslagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/sverige/fragor/utlamnande-allman-handling","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:68ce0b2ecf19cfe8cbb2063ba59a6d1fc61f766f1fbd3f81972cc9e6f73e201c","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:direktupphandling-grans","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"samhalle","question":"When may a Swedish public authority make a direct award?","short_answer":"A direct award may be used where the value falls below the direct award threshold set out in the Public Procurement Act, and in certain specific situations such as extreme urgency caused by events the authority could not foresee.","answer":"A direct award may be used where the value falls below the direct award threshold set out in the Public Procurement Act, and in certain specific situations such as extreme urgency caused by events the authority could not foresee. The value is calculated on the authority's total purchases of the same kind during the financial year, not on the individual purchase. The authority must have guidelines for direct awards and document purchases above the amount stated in the Act.","citation":"Public Procurement Act (2016:1145) chapter 19 a","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-2016-1145/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/offentlig-upphandling","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/sverige/fragor/direktupphandling-grans","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:154aa47861e9f7214dedc569bfc04d1518bb9ec459a25d91733cbcb0b7232be4","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:enskild-firma-eller-aktiebolag","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"bilda","question":"Sole trader or limited company in Sweden, what differs?","short_answer":"Three things differ: who answers for the debts, how the profit is taxed and what it takes to start. A sole trader is personally liable and taxed on the result; a limited company answers with its own capital of at least SEK 25,000 and the owner is taxed on salary or dividends.","answer":"Three things differ: who answers for the debts, how the profit is taxed and what it takes to start. A sole trader is personally liable and taxed on the result; a limited company answers with its own capital of at least SEK 25,000 and the owner is taxed on salary or dividends. The Companies Act: the company is its own legal person, shareholders are not personally liable, and a private company needs at least SEK 25,000 in share capital. The Income Tax Act: a sole trader is taxed on business income personally, a company is a separate taxable person. The Partnership Act: partners in a trading partnership are jointly and severally liable for the obligations of the partnership.","citation":"SFS 2005:551, aktiebolagslagen","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-2005-551/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/aktiebolagslagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/questions/sweden/sme/enskild-firma-eller-aktiebolag","read_at":"2026-08-25","hash":"sha256:db9bc1efd7c701dd439c2d5150283879b66b9b910dacf09388834eb42dd3657f","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:f-skatt-moms-arbetsgivarregistrering","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"bilda","question":"F-tax, VAT and employer registration in Sweden, what is required?","short_answer":"Three registrations, three different triggers: F-tax when the business starts, VAT once turnover passes SEK 120,000 in the tax year, and employer registration before the first salary is paid.","answer":"Three registrations, three different triggers: F-tax when the business starts, VAT once turnover passes SEK 120,000 in the tax year, and employer registration before the first salary is paid. The Tax Procedures Act: F-tax approval is granted by the Tax Agency, and the approved person pays their own preliminary tax and contributions. The VAT Act: the exemption applies up to SEK 120,000 of turnover in the tax year. The Tax Procedures Act: a PAYE return per recipient is filed every month.","citation":"SFS 2011:1244, skatteförfarandelagen","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-2011-1244/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/skatteforfarandelagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/questions/sweden/sme/f-skatt-moms-arbetsgivarregistrering","read_at":"2026-08-25","hash":"sha256:6ac3e7d0c36aa8a6f1da8ba3750b57f60fe0883bef27e61d656ba69d00b3fd41","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:momsregistrering-troskelvarde","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"bilda","question":"When does a small Swedish business become liable for VAT?","short_answer":"Below SEK 120,000 of turnover per tax year the business is exempt, provided the limit was not passed in either of the two preceding years. If the limit is crossed during the year, VAT applies from the supply that crosses it.","answer":"Below SEK 120,000 of turnover per tax year the business is exempt, provided the limit was not passed in either of the two preceding years. If the limit is crossed during the year, VAT applies from the supply that crosses it. The VAT Act: exemption for taxable persons with small annual turnover, the limit being SEK 120,000 in the tax year. The VAT Act: the exemption requires that the limit was not exceeded in either of the two preceding tax years. The Tax Agency: registration can be requested voluntarily and gives the right to deduct input VAT.","citation":"SFS 2023:200, mervärdesskattelagen","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-2023-200/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/mervardesskattelagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/questions/sweden/sme/momsregistrering-troskelvarde","read_at":"2026-08-25","hash":"sha256:c667e9eecf09d9162e7dff564df7a212ead1a1eb663eeef151aa11c50d34b667","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:bokforing-och-arsredovisning","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"bilda","question":"Bookkeeping and annual reports for a small Swedish company","short_answer":"The bookkeeping duty applies to every business from the first transaction, records must be kept for seven years, and a limited company must also prepare and file an annual report after each financial year.","answer":"The bookkeeping duty applies to every business from the first transaction, records must be kept for seven years, and a limited company must also prepare and file an annual report after each financial year. The Bookkeeping Act: continuous recording, vouchers and a systematic presentation. The Bookkeeping Act: records are kept for seven years after the end of the calendar year in which the financial year ended. The Annual Accounts Act: the annual report consists of a balance sheet, income statement, notes and a directors' report.","citation":"SFS 1999:1078, bokföringslagen","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-1999-1078/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/bokforingslagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/questions/sweden/sme/bokforing-och-arsredovisning","read_at":"2026-08-25","hash":"sha256:7b9382c56ef1146eac74a0305c3b9f0c4c940bc207ac6dcc2d7ea8bccf0380d8","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:revisionsplikt-litet-aktiebolag","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"bilda","question":"When does a small Swedish company need a statutory auditor?","short_answer":"An auditor is required once the company exceeds more than one of three limits, more than 3 employees on average, a balance sheet total above SEK 1.5 million and net turnover above SEK 3 million, in each of the two most recent financial years.","answer":"An auditor is required once the company exceeds more than one of three limits, more than 3 employees on average, a balance sheet total above SEK 1.5 million and net turnover above SEK 3 million, in each of the two most recent financial years. The Companies Act: a private company may state in its articles that it will not have an auditor. The Companies Act: the exemption does not apply where more than one limit is met in each of the two most recent financial years. The Companies Registration Office: the change to the articles must be filed for registration.","citation":"SFS 2005:551, aktiebolagslagen","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-2005-551/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/aktiebolagslagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/questions/sweden/sme/revisionsplikt-litet-aktiebolag","read_at":"2026-08-25","hash":"sha256:0685fb9dd73068d447c70ccb1a7f8c07257b44aab334f8e9a71335b32e412b56","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:anstallningsformer-och-provanstallning","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"anstalla","question":"Employment forms and probation under Swedish law","short_answer":"Permanent employment is the main rule. Probation may run for six months at most, and fixed-term employment converts to permanent after more than twelve months in total within a five-year period.","answer":"Permanent employment is the main rule. Probation may run for six months at most, and fixed-term employment converts to permanent after more than twelve months in total within a five-year period. The Employment Protection Act: an employment contract runs until further notice unless otherwise agreed. The Employment Protection Act: probationary employment may be agreed for no more than six months. The Employment Protection Act: fixed-term employment converts after more than twelve months within five years.","citation":"SFS 1982:80, lagen om anställningsskydd","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-1982-80/","act_url":null,"url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/questions/sweden/sme/anstallningsformer-och-provanstallning","read_at":"2026-08-25","hash":"sha256:07819fd2ea79f1fc9fe4830433dda8e874d956e571f4dd65ed001cbbbfa64551","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:uppsagningstid-och-turordning","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"anstalla","question":"Notice periods and order of selection in a small Swedish company","short_answer":"Dismissal requires objective reasons. Notice runs from one to six months by length of service, the order of selection follows service within the operating unit, and the employer may exempt three employees of particular importance.","answer":"Dismissal requires objective reasons. Notice runs from one to six months by length of service, the order of selection follows service within the operating unit, and the employer may exempt three employees of particular importance. The Employment Protection Act: dismissal by the employer must rest on objective reasons. The Employment Protection Act: notice is at least one month and at most six months after ten years of service. The Employment Protection Act: up to three employees of particular importance may be exempted before the order is set.","citation":"SFS 1982:80, lagen om anställningsskydd","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-1982-80/","act_url":null,"url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/questions/sweden/sme/uppsagningstid-och-turordning","read_at":"2026-08-25","hash":"sha256:1af3e9440527cf1874195ea030f5aaafe1ce89053afd1b1652dd921bedbcdc9a","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:arbetsgivaravgifter-sjuklon-arbetsmiljo","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"anstalla","question":"What applies from the first employee in Sweden?","short_answer":"From the first employee: contributions of 31.42 per cent, a monthly PAYE return, fourteen days of sick pay and systematic work environment management. At five employees a safety representative is appointed, at ten the work environment work must be documented in writing, and at fifty a safety committee is required.","answer":"From the first employee: contributions of 31.42 per cent, a monthly PAYE return, fourteen days of sick pay and systematic work environment management. At five employees a safety representative is appointed, at ten the work environment work must be documented in writing, and at fifty a safety committee is required. The Social Security Contributions Act: employer contributions are levied at 31.42 per cent of the contribution base, with special rules for certain age groups. The Sick Pay Act: the employer pays sick pay for the first fourteen days, with a qualifying deduction of 20 per cent of an average week's sick pay. The Work Environment Act: a safety representative is appointed at a workplace with at least five employees, and a safety committee at fifty.","citation":"SFS 2000:980, socialavgiftslagen","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-2000-980/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/socialavgiftslagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/questions/sweden/sme/arbetsgivaravgifter-sjuklon-arbetsmiljo","read_at":"2026-08-25","hash":"sha256:29f72842d1fb9050000ea007fa1c86743cc497de075bc103b92258155cd77741","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:uppdragstagare-eller-anstalld","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"anstalla","question":"Contractor or employee in Sweden, what decides?","short_answer":"The circumstances decide, not the heading of the contract. The more the person is integrated into the business, works set hours, uses the client's tools and carries no financial risk, the more it points to employment.","answer":"The circumstances decide, not the heading of the contract. The more the person is integrated into the business, works set hours, uses the client's tools and carries no financial risk, the more it points to employment. Swedish labour law: the concept of employee follows from an overall assessment of the contract and the actual circumstances. The Tax Procedures Act: no tax is withheld where the recipient is approved for F-tax. The Social Security Contributions Act: contributions are levied on remuneration for work in an employment.","citation":"SFS 1982:80, lagen om anställningsskydd","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-1982-80/","act_url":null,"url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/questions/sweden/sme/uppdragstagare-eller-anstalld","read_at":"2026-08-25","hash":"sha256:18f8cf5c2a8d18fb64fa48d5f981776e8bcac1c2cfbfe49ecd79ab90d475c9ef","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:momsdeklaration-perioder-och-frister","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"skatt","question":"Swedish VAT returns, which period applies and when is it due?","short_answer":"The period follows the tax base: up to SEK 1 million a year means annual reporting, between 1 and 40 million means quarterly, above 40 million means monthly. Payment must be on the tax account by the day the return is due.","answer":"The period follows the tax base: up to SEK 1 million a year means annual reporting, between 1 and 40 million means quarterly, above 40 million means monthly. Payment must be on the tax account by the day the return is due. The Tax Procedures Act: the VAT reporting period is set by the tax base for the tax year. The Tax Procedures Act: the tax must be paid by the day the return is due. The Tax Agency: sales to VAT-registered buyers in other EU countries are reported in a recapitulative statement.","citation":"SFS 2011:1244, skatteförfarandelagen","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-2011-1244/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/skatteforfarandelagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/questions/sweden/sme/momsdeklaration-perioder-och-frister","read_at":"2026-08-25","hash":"sha256:ab0db5525c1d5b93725fc45be89bf58ca89ebfe18eee969f7d5aaf9de0712787","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:sgi-och-pension-for-egenforetagare","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"skatt","question":"Sickness benefit and pension for the self-employed in Sweden","short_answer":"Both sickness benefit and state pension are calculated on the surplus of the business, not on turnover. A low reported surplus therefore gives low qualifying income and low pension rights, even where the business turns over a great deal.","answer":"Both sickness benefit and state pension are calculated on the surplus of the business, not on turnover. A low reported surplus therefore gives low qualifying income and low pension rights, even where the business turns over a great deal. The Social Insurance Code: qualifying income for a self-employed person is based on income from other gainful employment. The Social Insurance Code: during the start-up period the income may instead be compared with an employee's salary for the same work. The Social Insurance Agency: the waiting period is seven days as a rule and can be changed.","citation":"SFS 2010:110, socialförsäkringsbalken","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-2010-110/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/socialforsakringsbalken","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/questions/sweden/sme/sgi-och-pension-for-egenforetagare","read_at":"2026-08-25","hash":"sha256:0c3542a395aace0654c22517b1d5b0e7b18dc1d671fab4894a1246aed29ded47","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:se:kundavtal-villkor-och-gdpr","register":"se","country":"SE","lang":"en","area":"skatt","question":"Customer contracts, website terms and GDPR for a small Swedish company","short_answer":"Terms must reach the customer before the contract to apply, consumers have fourteen days to withdraw from a distance contract, and the GDPR applies from the first personal data item however small the company is.","answer":"Terms must reach the customer before the contract to apply, consumers have fourteen days to withdraw from a distance contract, and the GDPR applies from the first personal data item however small the company is. The Contracts Act: a contract is formed by offer and acceptance, and terms must have reached the other party. The Distance Contracts Act: the consumer has fourteen days to withdraw, subject to exceptions for certain goods and services. The Swedish Data Protection Act and the GDPR: the duties apply whatever the headcount, with a limited record-keeping exemption below 250 employees.","citation":"SFS 1915:218, avtalslagen","source_url":"https://www.riksdagen.se/sv/dokument-och-lagar/dokument/svensk-forfattningssamling/_sfs-1915-218/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/kalla/avtalslagen","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/questions/sweden/sme/kundavtal-villkor-och-gdpr","read_at":"2026-08-25","hash":"sha256:dcd6814b0ea80d41cf0a5499468c07e939e953109453542450ad4fff8e9221ad","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:no:oppsigelsestid-ansatt","register":"no","country":"NO","lang":"en","area":"sme","question":"How long is the notice period for an employee in Norway?","short_answer":"The main rule is one month of mutual notice, counted from the first day of the month after notice was given.","answer":"The main rule is one month of mutual notice, counted from the first day of the month after notice was given. After five continuous years the period is two months, after ten years three months, and for employees over 50, 55 and 60 with ten years of service the employer's period extends to four, five and six months. A fourteen-day period may be agreed during probation. A contract or collective agreement may give a longer period, never shorter than the Act.","citation":"Working Environment Act section 15-3","source_url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2005-06-17-62/KAPITTEL_17","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/norge/lov/oppsigelse-og-varsel","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/norge/sporsmal/oppsigelsestid-ansatt","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:a902d3bd1835ed54c13c23b219f3ea0b72709a5ecc292ea854aaf2098eaf84ff","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:no:sakelig-grunn-oppsigelse","register":"no","country":"NO","lang":"en","area":"sme","question":"When is a dismissal objectively justified?","short_answer":"The dismissal must be objectively justified in the circumstances of the undertaking, the employer or the employee, and in a redundancy the employer must also show that the selection is objective and that other suitable work has been considered.","answer":"The dismissal must be objectively justified in the circumstances of the undertaking, the employer or the employee, and in a redundancy the employer must also show that the selection is objective and that other suitable work has been considered. The courts review both the ground and the balance against the disadvantage to the employee. A dismissal that was not discussed in advance rarely stands.","citation":"Working Environment Act sections 15-1 and 15-7","source_url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2005-06-17-62/KAPITTEL_17","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/norge/lov/oppsigelse-og-varsel","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/norge/sporsmal/sakelig-grunn-oppsigelse","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:965a661d9505767214dcd19cc32011bdf047355465a4bcc5dc4b8dfc3a041e3e","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:no:drofting-for-oppsigelse","register":"no","country":"NO","lang":"en","area":"sme","question":"Must the employer hold a discussion meeting before dismissal?","short_answer":"Yes. Before the decision is taken the matter must be discussed with the employee and, if the employee so wishes, with an employee representative, unless this is not practically possible. The meeting must cover the ground for the dismissal and the selection in a redundancy. A missing meeting is not in itself a ground of invalidity, but it weighs heavily when the objectivity requirement is tested.","answer":"Yes. Before the decision is taken the matter must be discussed with the employee and, if the employee so wishes, with an employee representative, unless this is not practically possible. The meeting must cover the ground for the dismissal and the selection in a redundancy. A missing meeting is not in itself a ground of invalidity, but it weighs heavily when the objectivity requirement is tested.","citation":"Working Environment Act section 15-1","source_url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2005-06-17-62/KAPITTEL_17","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/norge/lov/oppsigelse-og-varsel","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/norge/sporsmal/drofting-for-oppsigelse","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:d4a20434bdf0849259fe01946cd05efef9382875c86f6ea311d49c8854cb887d","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:no:formkrav-oppsigelse","register":"no","country":"NO","lang":"en","area":"sme","question":"What formal requirements apply to a dismissal from the employer?","short_answer":"The notice must be in writing, delivered in person or sent by registered post, and state the right to demand negotiation and to bring legal action, the deadlines for doing so, who the action is to be brought against, and the right to remain in post.","answer":"The notice must be in writing, delivered in person or sent by registered post, and state the right to demand negotiation and to bring legal action, the deadlines for doing so, who the action is to be brought against, and the right to remain in post. In a redundancy it must also state the preferential right to re-employment. A notice lacking this information is as a rule invalid if the employee brings action within four months.","citation":"Working Environment Act section 15-4","source_url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2005-06-17-62/KAPITTEL_17","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/norge/lov/oppsigelse-og-varsel","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/norge/sporsmal/formkrav-oppsigelse","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:3e07b68f23b5905fe50495d1079354b2d1f6a104fcdbd7aa31f2dc76074c857e","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:no:feriepenger-sats","register":"no","country":"NO","lang":"en","area":"sme","question":"How much holiday pay is an employee entitled to?","short_answer":"Holiday pay is 10.2 per cent of the holiday pay basis for employees with four weeks and one day of holiday, and 12 per cent where the agreement gives five weeks.","answer":"Holiday pay is 10.2 per cent of the holiday pay basis for employees with four weeks and one day of holiday, and 12 per cent where the agreement gives five weeks. For employees over 60, an additional 2.3 percentage points apply. The basis is the remuneration paid during the qualifying year, and holiday pay falls due on the last ordinary pay day before the holiday.","citation":"Holidays Act sections 10 and 11","source_url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1988-04-29-21","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/norge/lov/ferieloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/norge/sporsmal/feriepenger-sats","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:adede87e16312cf96088af90c13aad736bddf967f186d30c2ef973eb57b4c8db","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:no:fastsette-ferie","register":"no","country":"NO","lang":"en","area":"sme","question":"May the employer decide when holiday is taken?","short_answer":"Yes, after discussion with the employee or an employee representative, and the employee may demand three continuous weeks within the main holiday period from 1 June to 30 September.","answer":"Yes, after discussion with the employee or an employee representative, and the employee may demand three continuous weeks within the main holiday period from 1 June to 30 September. The employee may require notice of the dates at least two months in advance. Holiday may only be changed where unforeseen events cause substantial operational problems, and the employee is then entitled to compensation for documented additional costs.","citation":"Holidays Act sections 6 and 7","source_url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1988-04-29-21","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/norge/lov/ferieloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/norge/sporsmal/fastsette-ferie","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:cf56645f328fa5731e88f50652c4ee13c0f65d88b89ccfeb1c8bc4a77ae40f19","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:no:reklamasjonsfrist-forbruker","register":"no","country":"NO","lang":"en","area":"sme","question":"How long may a consumer complain about goods?","short_answer":"The absolute deadline is two years, and five years where the goods on ordinary use are intended to last significantly longer.","answer":"The absolute deadline is two years, and five years where the goods on ordinary use are intended to last significantly longer. A relative deadline applies as well: the consumer must complain within a reasonable time after discovering the defect, and never shorter than two months. A defect appearing within two years of delivery is presumed to have existed at delivery unless the seller shows otherwise.","citation":"Consumer Purchases Act sections 27 and 18","source_url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2002-06-21-34","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/norge/lov/forbrukerkjopsloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/norge/sporsmal/reklamasjonsfrist-forbruker","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:70a35476290633d6677a3cc895b0082ff5fdb81df313ea0d61a88e315a6510f2","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:no:retting-eller-omlevering","register":"no","country":"NO","lang":"en","area":"sme","question":"May the seller choose repair instead of replacing the goods?","short_answer":"The seller may offer repair or replacement twice for the same defect, and the consumer cannot then claim a price reduction or cancellation before those attempts have been made.","answer":"The seller may offer repair or replacement twice for the same defect, and the consumer cannot then claim a price reduction or cancellation before those attempts have been made. Repair must be free of charge, without significant inconvenience to the consumer, and within a reasonable time. After two failed attempts the consumer is free to claim a price reduction or cancellation.","citation":"Consumer Purchases Act sections 29 to 33","source_url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2002-06-21-34","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/norge/lov/forbrukerkjopsloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/norge/sporsmal/retting-eller-omlevering","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:dfd3626309e496b54c843b1ceac335a78b0d2e53c4c98c2b786ca24845f07dd7","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:no:kundetvist-klageorgan","register":"no","country":"NO","lang":"en","area":"sme","question":"Where does a customer dispute go when the customer and the business disagree?","short_answer":"The consumer may bring the case to the Consumer Authority for mediation and then to the Consumer Disputes Commission, which decides cases on consumer purchases, craft services and the right of withdrawal.","answer":"The consumer may bring the case to the Consumer Authority for mediation and then to the Consumer Disputes Commission, which decides cases on consumer purchases, craft services and the right of withdrawal. A decision takes effect as a final judgment if neither party brings it before the district court within one month. Industry boards handle cases within their own fields.","citation":"Consumer Complaints Act sections 8, 11, 17 and 22","source_url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2020-06-23-98","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/norge/lov/forbrukerklageloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/norge/sporsmal/kundetvist-klageorgan","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:3d0851a8e928c7b858722e35d65de83adce34efec6ddc6d4e7f7b4b93ae43c90","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:no:urimelige-avtalevilkar","register":"no","country":"NO","lang":"en","area":"sme","question":"Can an unreasonable contract term be set aside in Norway?","short_answer":"Yes. A contract may be set aside or amended in whole or in part where it would be unreasonable to invoke it, and the assessment takes account of the content of the contract, the position of the parties, the circumstances at conclusion and later circumstances. The provision also applies between businesses, but the threshold is higher than in consumer relations.","answer":"Yes. A contract may be set aside or amended in whole or in part where it would be unreasonable to invoke it, and the assessment takes account of the content of the contract, the position of the parties, the circumstances at conclusion and later circumstances. The provision also applies between businesses, but the threshold is higher than in consumer relations.","citation":"Contracts Act section 36","source_url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/1918-05-31-4","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/norge/lov/avtaleloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/norge/sporsmal/urimelige-avtalevilkar","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:35ab59fe13ed1bd5019fd907e7e95ac33b152431951f9e6bb953f3c5753c4d3f","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:no:personvern-ansatte-innsyn","register":"no","country":"NO","lang":"en","area":"personvern","question":"May an employer look in an employee's email?","short_answer":"Only in two cases: where it is necessary to maintain daily operations or other legitimate interests of the undertaking, or where there is reasonable suspicion of a serious breach of duty or a criminal offence.","answer":"Only in two cases: where it is necessary to maintain daily operations or other legitimate interests of the undertaking, or where there is reasonable suspicion of a serious breach of duty or a criminal offence. The employee must as far as possible be notified and given the opportunity to comment and to be present, and the access must be documented. The rule sits in regulation of 2 July 2018 no. 1108, made under section 9-5 of the Working Environment Act, and the processing must also satisfy the Personal Data Act and the GDPR.","citation":"Regulation on employer access to email sections 2 and 3, cf. Working Environment Act section 9-5","source_url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2018-06-15-38","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/norge/lov/personopplysningsloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/norge/sporsmal/personvern-ansatte-innsyn","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:7326f6e434839e2cbdd0fe9cb970d881cbd08c0460abc4d4352f6701b6b9959f","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:no:hvitvasking-kundetiltak","register":"no","country":"NO","lang":"en","area":"finans","question":"What customer due diligence does the Anti-Money Laundering Act require?","short_answer":"The customer and beneficial owners must be identified and their identity verified, the purpose and intended nature of the relationship must be established, and the relationship must be monitored on an ongoing basis with updated information.","answer":"The customer and beneficial owners must be identified and their identity verified, the purpose and intended nature of the relationship must be established, and the relationship must be monitored on an ongoing basis with updated information. The measures must match the risk, and suspicious circumstances must be investigated and reported to Økokrim without notifying the customer.","citation":"Anti-Money Laundering Act sections 9 to 26","source_url":"https://lovdata.no/dokument/NL/lov/2018-06-01-23","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/norge/lov/hvitvaskingsloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/norge/sporsmal/hvitvasking-kundetiltak","read_at":"2026-09-09","hash":"sha256:02804b6be71d48e48e0b590621b3ad825fede4f126446a296188ae3e9d3d3a9d","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:dk:opsigelsesvarsel-funktionaer","register":"dk","country":"DK","lang":"en","area":"arbejdsret","question":"How long is the notice period for a salaried employee in Denmark?","short_answer":"The employer's notice depends on length of service and runs from one month during the first six months up to six months after more than eight years and nine months.","answer":"The employer's notice depends on length of service and runs from one month during the first six months up to six months after more than eight years and nine months. The employee normally gives one month's notice to the end of a month. A probation period of up to three months may be agreed with shorter notice.","citation":"Danish Salaried Employees Act, section 2","source_url":"https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2017/1002","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/lov/funktionaerloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/spoergsmaal/opsigelsesvarsel-funktionaer","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:3de2d23dbb361cb1244776cff0fe4e31566841bdc1c04a0ee9462dbe06e7783c","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:dk:ferie-optjening","register":"dk","country":"DK","lang":"en","area":"arbejdsret","question":"How much holiday does an employee accrue in Denmark?","short_answer":"An employee accrues 2.08 paid holiday days per month of employment, 25 days a year in total.","answer":"An employee accrues 2.08 paid holiday days per month of employment, 25 days a year in total. Holiday is accrued and taken concurrently: the holiday year runs from 1 September to 31 August and the leave may be taken up to and including 31 December of that year.","citation":"Danish Holiday Act, chapters 2 and 3","source_url":"https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2018/60","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/lov/ferieloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/spoergsmaal/ferie-optjening","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:17d25bf58aac5681f834f328bd402dbe1cee95c56097225cd127def9a6932150","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:dk:ansaettelsesbevis-frist","register":"dk","country":"DK","lang":"en","area":"arbejdsret","question":"When must an employee receive their written employment particulars?","short_answer":"The essential information about the employment relationship must be given in writing no later than seven calendar days after the employment begins.","answer":"The essential information about the employment relationship must be given in writing no later than seven calendar days after the employment begins. The remaining information must be given within one month of the start. A missing or deficient statement can give rise to compensation.","citation":"Act on employment certificates and certain working conditions, chapter 2","source_url":"https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2023/501","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/lov/ansaettelsesbevisloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/spoergsmaal/ansaettelsesbevis-frist","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:123faa4ae428615584ff034b4f26e65c3e027e9451c1ad865b9d047d585012dc","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:dk:arbejdspladsvurdering","register":"dk","country":"DK","lang":"en","area":"arbejdsret","question":"When must a company carry out a workplace assessment?","short_answer":"Every company with employees must have a written workplace assessment.","answer":"Every company with employees must have a written workplace assessment. It must be reviewed at least every three years and whenever changes in the work, methods or processes affect the working environment. The Working Environment Authority may ask to see it during an inspection.","citation":"Danish Working Environment Act, section 15 a","source_url":"https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2021/2062","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/lov/arbejdsmiljoeloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/spoergsmaal/arbejdspladsvurdering","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:d2decf9e9a91fa4735a2c9638c151e4c82419d765608d462eaf9cdd56d18ca0b","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:dk:brud-paa-persondatasikkerheden","register":"dk","country":"DK","lang":"en","area":"data","question":"When must a personal data breach be reported to the Danish Data Protection Agency?","short_answer":"The controller must report the breach without undue delay and, where feasible, within 72 hours of becoming aware of it, unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to data subjects.","answer":"The controller must report the breach without undue delay and, where feasible, within 72 hours of becoming aware of it, unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to data subjects. Where the risk is high the data subjects must also be informed. Every breach must be documented internally, including those that are not reported.","citation":"GDPR Articles 33 and 34, together with the Danish Data Protection Act","source_url":"https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2018/502","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/lov/databeskyttelsesloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/spoergsmaal/brud-paa-persondatasikkerheden","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:9315f4041d52c31c37e885114b37e3e5b2b03264373168df2b2b3cb50f72bdc3","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:dk:cpr-nummer-behandling","register":"dk","country":"DK","lang":"en","area":"data","question":"May a company process Danish civil registration numbers?","short_answer":"Private parties may process a civil registration number where a statute so provides, where the data subject has given explicit consent, or where processing is necessary for unambiguous identification or required by a public authority.","answer":"Private parties may process a civil registration number where a statute so provides, where the data subject has given explicit consent, or where processing is necessary for unambiguous identification or required by a public authority. The number may not be published without consent and may not be used as an ordinary customer reference.","citation":"Danish Data Protection Act, section 11","source_url":"https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2018/502","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/lov/databeskyttelsesloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/spoergsmaal/cpr-nummer-behandling","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:a59474ed2188c410379805aed476132db185f1c9054b0a20859c013f6ff4f1a4","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:dk:fortrydelsesret-fjernsalg","register":"dk","country":"DK","lang":"en","area":"aftale","question":"How long is the right of withdrawal for an online purchase in Denmark?","short_answer":"The consumer normally has 14 days to withdraw from a distance contract, counted from the day the goods are received, or from the conclusion of the contract for services.","answer":"The consumer normally has 14 days to withdraw from a distance contract, counted from the day the goods are received, or from the conclusion of the contract for services. If the trader has not informed the consumer of the right, the period is extended by up to 12 months. The amount must be refunded without undue delay and no later than 14 days after withdrawal is notified.","citation":"Danish Consumer Contracts Act, sections 18-24","source_url":"https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2013/1457","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/lov/forbrugeraftaleloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/spoergsmaal/fortrydelsesret-fjernsalg","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:2d5a37f41f38ebacfdde46187515669229f8e81ac389eefa9c08b28bd43d4acf","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:dk:reklamationsret-forbrugerkoeb","register":"dk","country":"DK","lang":"en","area":"aftale","question":"How long can a consumer complain about a defective product in Denmark?","short_answer":"In consumer sales the complaint period is two years from delivery.","answer":"In consumer sales the complaint period is two years from delivery. The complaint must be made within a reasonable time after the consumer discovered the defect, and a complaint within two months is always in time. The consumer may claim repair, replacement, a proportionate reduction or rescission.","citation":"Danish Sale of Goods Act, sections 83 and 78","source_url":"https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2021/1853","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/lov/koebeloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/spoergsmaal/reklamationsret-forbrugerkoeb","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:1fb7552c40f9daf304e941ce951d9a5803a660e454520fc25eb248d780b702d9","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:dk:opbevaring-af-regnskabsmateriale","register":"dk","country":"DK","lang":"en","area":"selskab","question":"How long must accounting records be kept in Denmark?","short_answer":"Accounting records must be kept for five years from the end of the financial year to which they relate.","answer":"Accounting records must be kept for five years from the end of the financial year to which they relate. The records must be retrievable and readable throughout the period, and the company must have a description of its bookkeeping procedures.","citation":"Danish Bookkeeping Act, sections 12 and 6","source_url":"https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2022/700","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/lov/bogfoeringsloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/spoergsmaal/opbevaring-af-regnskabsmateriale","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:4fa9844e745497ce31e9d78fbd13f9577681f7a73f7d4e493dba3102560631a1","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:dk:frist-for-aarsrapport","register":"dk","country":"DK","lang":"en","area":"selskab","question":"When must the annual report be filed with the Danish Business Authority?","short_answer":"The annual report must reach the Danish Business Authority no later than five months after the end of the financial year for most companies, and four months for listed and state-owned public companies.","answer":"The annual report must reach the Danish Business Authority no later than five months after the end of the financial year for most companies, and four months for listed and state-owned public companies. If the deadline is missed, management can be charged a fee and the company can be sent for compulsory dissolution.","citation":"Danish Financial Statements Act, section 138","source_url":"https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2024/1057","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/lov/aarsregnskabsloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/spoergsmaal/frist-for-aarsrapport","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:dd8325a83de78a8a89ac15e28430e90f8c6a9059201530a678d17459cc470c29","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:dk:kundekendskabsprocedurer","register":"dk","country":"DK","lang":"en","area":"finans","question":"What does the Danish AML Act require of a covered undertaking?","short_answer":"The undertaking must prepare a risk assessment, adopt written policies and controls, complete customer due diligence before the business relationship is established, monitor it on an ongoing basis, keep the information for five years and report suspicion to the Money Laundering Secretariat without telling the customer.","answer":"The undertaking must prepare a risk assessment, adopt written policies and controls, complete customer due diligence before the business relationship is established, monitor it on an ongoing basis, keep the information for five years and report suspicion to the Money Laundering Secretariat without telling the customer.","citation":"Danish AML Act, sections 7, 11, 25 and 26","source_url":"https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2022/316","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/lov/hvidvaskloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/spoergsmaal/kundekendskabsprocedurer","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:b2d2867676625c66755ef4be23d9cc76ccde3cb96e2232b510da3da0c7d9bcb1","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:dk:aktindsigt-frist","register":"dk","country":"DK","lang":"en","area":"forvaltning","question":"How quickly must a Danish authority answer a request for access to documents?","short_answer":"The authority must normally decide the request within seven working days of receipt.","answer":"The authority must normally decide the request within seven working days of receipt. If the deadline cannot be met, the applicant must be told why and when a decision can be expected. A refusal must be reasoned and state how to appeal.","citation":"Danish Access to Files Act, section 36","source_url":"https://www.retsinformation.dk/eli/lta/2020/145","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/lov/offentlighedsloven","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/danmark/spoergsmaal/aktindsigt-frist","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:36b841f3486d864301391d7d4851a3faa0f9640cb42d9c0387f33030366d3ca7","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fi:irtisanomisaika","register":"fi","country":"FI","lang":"en","area":"tyo","question":"How long is the notice period in Finland?","short_answer":"Unless otherwise agreed or set in a collective agreement, the employer's notice is 14 days for an employment of up to one year and rises in steps to six months for an employment of over 12 years.","answer":"Unless otherwise agreed or set in a collective agreement, the employer's notice is 14 days for an employment of up to one year and rises in steps to six months for an employment of over 12 years. The employee's notice is 14 days for an employment of up to five years and one month thereafter.","citation":"Employment Contracts Act, chapter 6 section 3","source_url":"https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2001/55","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/laki/tyosopimuslaki","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/kysymykset/irtisanomisaika","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:77bc01f3c81907c56741f0ffb2f98e7efa786eba8ad454f4e9d8ef64a9fed656","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fi:koeaika","register":"fi","country":"FI","lang":"en","area":"tyo","question":"How long may a probationary period be in Finland?","short_answer":"A probationary period may last at most six months from the start of the employment.","answer":"A probationary period may last at most six months from the start of the employment. In a fixed-term employment it may not exceed half the duration of the contract, and never more than six months. The employer may extend it if the employee is incapacitated or on family leave during the period.","citation":"Employment Contracts Act, chapter 1 section 4","source_url":"https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2001/55","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/laki/tyosopimuslaki","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/kysymykset/koeaika","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:2652189a6f48769c3cd2fea3a3e1edec986f3d8d2592fc86b779af53162ea065","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fi:vuosiloman-ansainta","register":"fi","country":"FI","lang":"en","area":"tyo","question":"How much annual holiday does an employee accrue in Finland?","short_answer":"An employee accrues two working days of holiday for each full holiday credit month, and two and a half working days once the employment has lasted continuously for at least a year by the end of the holiday credit year.","answer":"An employee accrues two working days of holiday for each full holiday credit month, and two and a half working days once the employment has lasted continuously for at least a year by the end of the holiday credit year. The holiday credit year ends on 31 March.","citation":"Annual Holidays Act, section 5","source_url":"https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2005/162","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/laki/vuosilomalaki","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/kysymykset/vuosiloman-ansainta","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:fb1bb011790a4597e58e3e88d5b8497200ca58880f1ee9e6f7e8ec2360ec9f53","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fi:muutosneuvottelut","register":"fi","country":"FI","lang":"en","area":"tyo","question":"When must a Finnish company hold change negotiations?","short_answer":"Change negotiations must be held when the employer considers dismissals, lay-offs or a move to part-time work on financial or production-related grounds, and in certain situations involving a material change to the work.","answer":"Change negotiations must be held when the employer considers dismissals, lay-offs or a move to part-time work on financial or production-related grounds, and in certain situations involving a material change to the work. The Act applies to undertakings with at least 20 employees on a regular basis, and the negotiation proposal must be made in writing before the negotiations begin.","citation":"Co-operation Act, chapter 5","source_url":"https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2021/1333","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/laki/yhteistoimintalaki","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/kysymykset/muutosneuvottelut","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:16b2fd1ee3e940755ac9f4ff6d6004ed0a2f0fb442183cff9eec1944dd327ab9","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fi:tasa-arvosuunnitelma","register":"fi","country":"FI","lang":"en","area":"tyo","question":"When must a Finnish workplace have an equality plan?","short_answer":"An employer with at least 30 employees on a regular basis must draw up an equality plan at least every two years.","answer":"An employer with at least 30 employees on a regular basis must draw up an equality plan at least every two years. The plan includes a pay survey and is prepared together with the representatives of the personnel.","citation":"Act on Equality between Women and Men, section 6 a","source_url":"https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/1986/609","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/laki/tasa-arvolaki","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/kysymykset/tasa-arvosuunnitelma","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:75f479e69ca168a681bd64585a5e74b68cbdc9be97eac8fc746d48396646b025","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fi:tietoturvaloukkaus-ilmoitus","register":"fi","country":"FI","lang":"en","area":"tietosuoja","question":"When must a data breach be reported to the Finnish Data Protection Ombudsman?","short_answer":"The controller must report a personal data breach without undue delay and, where feasible, within 72 hours of becoming aware of it, unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to data subjects.","answer":"The controller must report a personal data breach without undue delay and, where feasible, within 72 hours of becoming aware of it, unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to data subjects. Where the risk is high, the data subjects must also be informed. All breaches must be documented internally.","citation":"GDPR Articles 33 and 34, together with the Finnish Data Protection Act","source_url":"https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2018/1050","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/laki/tietosuojalaki","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/kysymykset/tietoturvaloukkaus-ilmoitus","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:b3d029bceeb4898f1f605179a5320d62ce6de5a5ead7fc0f7591b3f1e09ea024","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fi:henkilotunnuksen-kasittely","register":"fi","country":"FI","lang":"en","area":"tietosuoja","question":"May a company process a Finnish personal identity code?","short_answer":"A personal identity code may be processed only where unambiguous identification of the data subject is important for a statutory task or, for example, for credit, debt collection, insurance, employment or healthcare.","answer":"A personal identity code may be processed only where unambiguous identification of the data subject is important for a statutory task or, for example, for credit, debt collection, insurance, employment or healthcare. The code must not be entered unnecessarily on printed or drafted documents.","citation":"Finnish Data Protection Act, section 29","source_url":"https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2018/1050","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/laki/tietosuojalaki","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/kysymykset/henkilotunnuksen-kasittely","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:00978689e7efe300497b2d0f208bb576dc79848d1f9795097312c49a0b334f3b","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fi:peruuttamisoikeus-etamyynti","register":"fi","country":"FI","lang":"en","area":"sopimus","question":"How long is the right of withdrawal for an online purchase in Finland?","short_answer":"A consumer normally has 14 days to withdraw from a distance contract, counted from receipt of the goods or from the conclusion of the contract for services.","answer":"A consumer normally has 14 days to withdraw from a distance contract, counted from receipt of the goods or from the conclusion of the contract for services. If the right of withdrawal was not disclosed, the period is extended by up to 12 months. Payments must be refunded without delay and no later than 14 days from the notice of withdrawal.","citation":"Consumer Protection Act, chapter 6","source_url":"https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/1978/38","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/laki/kuluttajansuojalaki","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/kysymykset/peruuttamisoikeus-etamyynti","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:23bae8bcdc19e20084514bc1d978d324dbec8b5b13211a5e8ae1c457b3489772","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fi:virhevastuu-kuluttajankauppa","register":"fi","country":"FI","lang":"en","area":"sopimus","question":"How long is the seller liable for a defect in a Finnish consumer sale?","short_answer":"The seller is liable for a defect that existed at the time of delivery, even if it appears later.","answer":"The seller is liable for a defect that existed at the time of delivery, even if it appears later. There is no fixed guarantee period; liability follows the expected lifespan of the goods. The consumer must notify the defect within a reasonable time of discovering it, and a notice given within two months is always in time.","citation":"Consumer Protection Act, chapter 5","source_url":"https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/1978/38","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/laki/kuluttajansuojalaki","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/kysymykset/virhevastuu-kuluttajankauppa","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:c4dfdf6c36a1ceeeab8b3a61cfec9ee9b85c6063d2c813fd5b213bd067187111","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fi:kirjanpitoaineiston-sailytys","register":"fi","country":"FI","lang":"en","area":"yhtio","question":"How long must accounting records be kept in Finland?","short_answer":"The financial statements, the accounting records, the chart of accounts and the list of accounting records must be kept for at least ten years from the end of the financial period.","answer":"The financial statements, the accounting records, the chart of accounts and the list of accounting records must be kept for at least ten years from the end of the financial period. Vouchers and other material verifying transactions must be kept for at least six years from the end of the year in which the financial period ended.","citation":"Accounting Act, chapter 2 section 10","source_url":"https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/1997/1336","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/laki/kirjanpitolaki","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/kysymykset/kirjanpitoaineiston-sailytys","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:77cb570eefc3be2054955d6452d990818a46a1b1f6de9a828f29d76e6274330c","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fi:tilintarkastajan-valinta","register":"fi","country":"FI","lang":"en","area":"yhtio","question":"When must a Finnish limited company appoint an auditor?","short_answer":"An auditor must be appointed if, in the financial period just ended and the one before it, at least two of the following are met: a balance sheet total above 100,000 euros, turnover above 200,000 euros, or an average of more than three employees.","answer":"An auditor must be appointed if, in the financial period just ended and the one before it, at least two of the following are met: a balance sheet total above 100,000 euros, turnover above 200,000 euros, or an average of more than three employees. The articles of association may always require an auditor.","citation":"Auditing Act, chapter 2 section 2","source_url":"https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/2015/1141","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/laki/tilintarkastuslaki","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/kysymykset/tilintarkastajan-valinta","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:c3d14d056ede9f411c2232177ed211fc9ad4082e9e8bb79cc5f5a031418fe23d","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fi:asiakirjapyynnon-kasittelyaika","register":"fi","country":"FI","lang":"en","area":"hallinto","question":"How quickly must a Finnish authority answer a document request?","short_answer":"Information from a public document must be provided as soon as possible and no later than two weeks from the request.","answer":"Information from a public document must be provided as soon as possible and no later than two weeks from the request. If the matter requires special measures or a large number of documents are requested, the period is at most one month. On request, a refusal must be given as an appealable decision.","citation":"Act on the Openness of Government Activities, section 14","source_url":"https://www.finlex.fi/fi/lainsaadanto/1999/621","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/laki/julkisuuslaki","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/suomi/kysymykset/asiakirjapyynnon-kasittelyaika","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:1f8c366a111a542ca6afc25d377aee4c040e8a0a0f6f1b8aacceaf70be0ccd5f","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:uk:unfair-dismissal-qualifying-period","register":"uk","country":"GB","lang":"en","area":"employment","question":"How long must an employee work before claiming unfair dismissal in the UK?","short_answer":"The ordinary unfair dismissal right requires two years of continuous employment.","answer":"The ordinary unfair dismissal right requires two years of continuous employment. Certain dismissals are automatically unfair from day one, including dismissal for pregnancy, for whistleblowing, for asserting a statutory right or for trade union reasons, and those need no qualifying period. A claim is normally brought within three months less one day of the effective date of termination, after early conciliation through Acas.","citation":"Employment Rights Act 1996, Part X","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/18","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/act/employment-rights-act-1996","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/questions/unfair-dismissal-qualifying-period","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:c47ad9a6d9142502ffb0b45d72e16207da9176e50b8669a2627c898c543652c9","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:uk:statutory-notice-period","register":"uk","country":"GB","lang":"en","area":"employment","question":"What is the statutory minimum notice period in the UK?","short_answer":"An employer must give one week's notice after one month of service, then one additional week for each complete year, up to a maximum of twelve weeks.","answer":"An employer must give one week's notice after one month of service, then one additional week for each complete year, up to a maximum of twelve weeks. An employee must give at least one week's notice after one month of service. The contract may give more, never less than the statutory minimum.","citation":"Employment Rights Act 1996, section 86","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/18","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/act/employment-rights-act-1996","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/questions/statutory-notice-period","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:7abc5da4bd4f50ed70127b6a4970e40f3997d8eed9f52d956ad69d5bb9ea15e2","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:uk:holiday-entitlement","register":"uk","country":"GB","lang":"en","area":"employment","question":"How much paid holiday is a UK worker entitled to?","short_answer":"A worker is entitled to 5.6 weeks of paid annual leave, which is 28 days for someone working five days a week.","answer":"A worker is entitled to 5.6 weeks of paid annual leave, which is 28 days for someone working five days a week. The entitlement is made up of four weeks under regulation 13 and 1.6 weeks of additional leave under regulation 13A, and part-time workers receive it pro rata. Bank holidays may be counted towards the 5.6 weeks if the contract says so.","citation":"Working Time Regulations 1998, regulations 13 and 13A","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/1998/1833/contents/made","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/act/working-time-regulations-1998","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/questions/holiday-entitlement","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:b3fe2d0a5a780d00a57aabaff95fb7c3415da9729b2050e3846c6d76e43067ce","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:uk:written-statement-of-particulars","register":"uk","country":"GB","lang":"en","area":"employment","question":"When must a UK employer give a written statement of employment particulars?","short_answer":"The principal statement must be given on or before the first day of employment, and it applies to workers as well as employees.","answer":"The principal statement must be given on or before the first day of employment, and it applies to workers as well as employees. It must cover pay, hours, place of work, holiday, notice, probation, benefits and any training entitlement. Certain further particulars may follow within two months.","citation":"Employment Rights Act 1996, sections 1-4","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/18","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/act/employment-rights-act-1996","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/questions/written-statement-of-particulars","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:3caa253c1b21672826db07a185ce66f55ba0b4af1cafb7e672d3209c42bae88c","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:uk:consumer-right-to-reject","register":"uk","country":"GB","lang":"en","area":"consumer","question":"How long does a UK consumer have to reject faulty goods?","short_answer":"The short-term right to reject faulty goods and obtain a refund lasts thirty days from delivery.","answer":"The short-term right to reject faulty goods and obtain a refund lasts thirty days from delivery. After that the trader has one opportunity to repair or replace, and if that fails the consumer may claim a price reduction or the final right to reject. Goods must be of satisfactory quality, fit for purpose and as described.","citation":"Consumer Rights Act 2015, sections 9-24","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/15","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/act/consumer-rights-act-2015","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/questions/consumer-right-to-reject","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:dd81b8807f5c739f665567e74035ce1804d8f0f83846c2298dc2380813d1e7ae","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:uk:distance-selling-cancellation","register":"uk","country":"GB","lang":"en","area":"consumer","question":"What is the cancellation period for an online purchase in the UK?","short_answer":"A consumer buying at a distance normally has fourteen days from receipt of the goods to cancel, and fourteen days from the contract date for a service.","answer":"A consumer buying at a distance normally has fourteen days from receipt of the goods to cancel, and fourteen days from the contract date for a service. If the trader did not give the required cancellation information the period can extend by up to twelve months. Refunds are due within fourteen days of the goods being returned or of the cancellation for services.","citation":"Consumer Contracts Regulations 2013, regulations 29-34","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/uksi/2013/3134/contents/made","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/act/consumer-contracts-regulations-2013","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/questions/distance-selling-cancellation","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:46c3a5b71092b7da9f2e32a372267a35bf7c9abd119c503bf964a0fed0dab34c","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:uk:personal-data-breach-notification","register":"uk","country":"GB","lang":"en","area":"data","question":"When must a personal data breach be reported to the ICO?","short_answer":"A controller must notify the Information Commissioner without undue delay and, where feasible, within seventy-two hours of becoming aware of a personal data breach, unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to individuals.","answer":"A controller must notify the Information Commissioner without undue delay and, where feasible, within seventy-two hours of becoming aware of a personal data breach, unless the breach is unlikely to result in a risk to individuals. Where the risk to individuals is high they must also be told without undue delay. Every breach must be recorded internally, whether or not it is reported.","citation":"UK GDPR Articles 33 and 34, with the Data Protection Act 2018","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/act/data-protection-act-2018","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/questions/personal-data-breach-notification","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:53a3464bb50dd312657f7bc2faae78967bd403ef3ef846c0bdce48d466500685","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:uk:subject-access-request-deadline","register":"uk","country":"GB","lang":"en","area":"data","question":"How long does a UK organisation have to answer a subject access request?","short_answer":"The response is due without undue delay and at the latest within one month of receipt.","answer":"The response is due without undue delay and at the latest within one month of receipt. The period may be extended by a further two months where the request is complex or where several requests have been made, provided the individual is told within the first month. The copy is provided free of charge unless the request is manifestly unfounded or excessive.","citation":"UK GDPR Article 15 and Article 12(3)","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2018/12","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/act/data-protection-act-2018","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/questions/subject-access-request-deadline","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:4ed527052739f3cc7c9322b2403e19564e48fa80cec0770c88b089d637cc8149","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:uk:director-duties","register":"uk","country":"GB","lang":"en","area":"company","question":"What are the general duties of a UK company director?","short_answer":"A director must act within powers, promote the success of the company for the benefit of its members, exercise independent judgement, exercise reasonable care, skill and diligence, avoid conflicts of interest, not accept benefits from third parties and declare an interest in a proposed transaction.","answer":"A director must act within powers, promote the success of the company for the benefit of its members, exercise independent judgement, exercise reasonable care, skill and diligence, avoid conflicts of interest, not accept benefits from third parties and declare an interest in a proposed transaction. The duties are owed to the company and are set out in the Companies Act 2006.","citation":"Companies Act 2006, sections 171-177","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/46","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/act/companies-act-2006","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/questions/director-duties","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:c33fc8ef900e6c45b0e1bae93900f389ed9356c1bf91de86bf7dd1a8ce66f891","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:uk:confirmation-statement-and-accounts","register":"uk","country":"GB","lang":"en","area":"company","question":"What must a UK private company file at Companies House each year?","short_answer":"A private company files an annual confirmation statement and its annual accounts.","answer":"A private company files an annual confirmation statement and its annual accounts. Accounts for a private company are normally due nine months after the end of the accounting reference period, and the first accounts of a new company are due twenty-one months after incorporation. Late filing carries an automatic penalty that rises with the delay.","citation":"Companies Act 2006, Parts 15 and 24","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2006/46","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/act/companies-act-2006","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/questions/confirmation-statement-and-accounts","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:990f29a8d7a50be6a5483f4af717d34e0967cedfbc4bd1a82c50a4d7e866c368","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:uk:adequate-procedures-bribery","register":"uk","country":"GB","lang":"en","area":"financial-crime","question":"What is the adequate procedures defence under the Bribery Act?","short_answer":"A commercial organisation charged with failure to prevent bribery has a defence if it can show it had adequate procedures designed to prevent bribery by associated persons.","answer":"A commercial organisation charged with failure to prevent bribery has a defence if it can show it had adequate procedures designed to prevent bribery by associated persons. Government guidance sets out six principles: proportionate procedures, top-level commitment, risk assessment, due diligence, communication and training, and monitoring and review.","citation":"Bribery Act 2010, sections 7 and 9","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/23","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/act/bribery-act-2010","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/questions/adequate-procedures-bribery","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:dbd7ff8a2c17e7f620209f491eb9f0d8d437a582c98d3f212296c78fa144cc21","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:uk:modern-slavery-statement-threshold","register":"uk","country":"GB","lang":"en","area":"financial-crime","question":"Which UK businesses must publish a modern slavery statement?","short_answer":"A commercial organisation that supplies goods or services, carries on business in the United Kingdom and has a total annual turnover of £36 million or more must publish a slavery and human trafficking statement for each financial year.","answer":"A commercial organisation that supplies goods or services, carries on business in the United Kingdom and has a total annual turnover of £36 million or more must publish a slavery and human trafficking statement for each financial year. The statement must be approved by the board and signed by a director, and published on the organisation's website.","citation":"Modern Slavery Act 2015, section 54","source_url":"https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2015/30","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/act/modern-slavery-act-2015","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/uk/questions/modern-slavery-statement-threshold","read_at":"2026-09-10","hash":"sha256:163296b03e5749b381876a1fd6a4e50176be2400b7c9e4a94d899dea2132ea75","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fr:delai-contester-rupture-contrat-travail","register":"fr","country":"FR","lang":"en","area":"travail","question":"Within what time limit can an employee challenge the termination of their contract?","short_answer":"The Labour Code sets a special time limit for any claim concerning the termination of the employment contract, shorter than the general limitation period.","answer":"The Labour Code sets a special time limit for any claim concerning the termination of the employment contract, shorter than the general limitation period. It runs from notification of the termination. The exact period and its exceptions appear in the cited article, at the publisher.","citation":"Labour Code, article L1471-1","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/texte_lc/LEGITEXT000006072050/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/loi/code-du-travail","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/questions/delai-contester-rupture-contrat-travail","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:d6a0094f0b027c036fb349754a71527b8c9b96e6f2fc8ac71c0548cfd9cb6185","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fr:information-precontractuelle-negociation","register":"fr","country":"FR","lang":"en","area":"consommation","question":"What information must a party give before concluding a contract?","short_answer":"The Civil Code imposes a pre-contractual duty to inform: a party who knows information of decisive importance for the other's consent must disclose it, where the other legitimately does not know it.","answer":"The Civil Code imposes a pre-contractual duty to inform: a party who knows information of decisive importance for the other's consent must disclose it, where the other legitimately does not know it. The duty does not extend to the estimated value of the performance.","citation":"Civil Code, article 1112-1","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/texte_lc/LEGITEXT000006070721/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/loi/code-civil","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/questions/information-precontractuelle-negociation","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:eaa9c77abef397a6201ba0f568bf2e273e13fc656b0c2d4e174ba9ae975e9a3b","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fr:garantie-legale-de-conformite","register":"fr","country":"FR","lang":"en","area":"consommation","question":"What guarantee does a seller owe a consumer on goods sold?","short_answer":"A professional seller must deliver goods that conform to the contract and is liable for lack of conformity existing at delivery.","answer":"A professional seller must deliver goods that conform to the contract and is liable for lack of conformity existing at delivery. The statutory guarantee of conformity is owed as of right, without any specific clause, and comes in addition to commercial guarantees.","citation":"Consumer Code, articles L217-3 et seq.","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/texte_lc/LEGITEXT000006069565/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/loi/code-de-la-consommation","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/questions/garantie-legale-de-conformite","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:5e691592fb7e5e534b74d00a4e221812f54cdf0e9c62a0f7dcc2f1fb09752078","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fr:role-de-la-cnil","register":"fr","country":"FR","lang":"en","area":"donnees","question":"What is the role of the CNIL in supervising data processing?","short_answer":"The CNIL is the French supervisory authority within the meaning of the GDPR.","answer":"The CNIL is the French supervisory authority within the meaning of the GDPR. It informs, advises, carries out on-site and documentary inspections, handles complaints and may impose corrective measures and penalties.","citation":"Act no. 78-17, article 8","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000000886460/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/loi/loi-informatique-et-libertes","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/questions/role-de-la-cnil","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:1859e4875124dde27b899736d13a410ba918dc80ac9400b26f94ec92476a02a0","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fr:obligation-immatriculation-rcs","register":"fr","country":"FR","lang":"en","area":"societe","question":"Who must be registered in the trade and companies register?","short_answer":"Natural persons who are traders and commercial companies must be registered in the trade and companies register.","answer":"Natural persons who are traders and commercial companies must be registered in the trade and companies register. Registration conditions the legal personality of companies and the enforceability of the published information.","citation":"Commercial Code, article L123-1","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/texte_lc/LEGITEXT000005634379/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/loi/code-de-commerce","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/questions/obligation-immatriculation-rcs","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:25bca20fcf1aa8c13e30ea5d95515ea269dc5e97bc8ae5e9474d2ca7868f540c","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fr:comptes-annuels-societes","register":"fr","country":"FR","lang":"en","area":"societe","question":"Which companies must draw up annual accounts?","short_answer":"Every commercial company draws up annual accounts at the close of the financial year: balance sheet, profit and loss account and notes.","answer":"Every commercial company draws up annual accounts at the close of the financial year: balance sheet, profit and loss account and notes. Content, approval and filing follow the form and size of the company.","citation":"Commercial Code, article L232-1","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/texte_lc/LEGITEXT000005634379/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/loi/code-de-commerce","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/questions/comptes-annuels-societes","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:b7fbb4733ad8dbb2c3687a9d71160a4e331fbbada37ea2edc463c0f3b18b1296","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fr:connaissance-du-client-blanchiment","register":"fr","country":"FR","lang":"en","area":"financier","question":"When must an obliged entity identify its customer?","short_answer":"Obliged entities identify their customer and, where relevant, the beneficial owner before entering into a business relationship, and verify those elements against supporting documents.","answer":"Obliged entities identify their customer and, where relevant, the beneficial owner before entering into a business relationship, and verify those elements against supporting documents. Vigilance continues throughout the relationship.","citation":"Monetary and Financial Code, article L561-5","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/texte_lc/LEGITEXT000006072026/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/loi/code-monetaire-et-financier","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/questions/connaissance-du-client-blanchiment","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:ed3ee67a0d109198173691348fbf07f77a8610667575743a59b61f1114027bb7","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fr:dispositif-anticorruption-sapin-ii","register":"fr","country":"FR","lang":"en","area":"financier","question":"What does the anti-corruption programme required of large companies contain?","short_answer":"The management of companies meeting the statutory thresholds must put in place eight measures: a code of conduct, an internal whistleblowing channel, risk mapping, third-party assessment, accounting controls, training, disciplinary rules and internal monitoring of the whole.","answer":"The management of companies meeting the statutory thresholds must put in place eight measures: a code of conduct, an internal whistleblowing channel, risk mapping, third-party assessment, accounting controls, training, disciplinary rules and internal monitoring of the whole.","citation":"Act no. 2016-1691, article 17","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000033558528/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/loi/loi-sapin-ii","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/questions/dispositif-anticorruption-sapin-ii","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:f5419a867bb5cf2c660217d31e0c9d72a968aaa1bdc36cb2d8821c469538009c","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fr:plan-de-vigilance","register":"fr","country":"FR","lang":"en","area":"societe","question":"Which companies must publish a vigilance plan?","short_answer":"Companies meeting the statutory headcount thresholds draw up a vigilance plan containing risk mapping, assessment procedures, mitigation measures, an alert mechanism and a monitoring scheme.","answer":"Companies meeting the statutory headcount thresholds draw up a vigilance plan containing risk mapping, assessment procedures, mitigation measures, an alert mechanism and a monitoring scheme. The plan and its implementation report are published.","citation":"Act no. 2017-399, article 1","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/loda/id/JORFTEXT000034290626/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/loi/loi-devoir-de-vigilance","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/questions/plan-de-vigilance","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:11ff04b1a15879084358a03d3d40c4015c12e15c298d8d13b0b43ec7f065e86c","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fr:motivation-decision-administrative","register":"fr","country":"FR","lang":"en","area":"administration","question":"Must an unfavourable administrative decision state its reasons?","short_answer":"Individual unfavourable decisions listed in the code must state reasons: the statement sets out the considerations of law and fact on which the decision rests.","answer":"Individual unfavourable decisions listed in the code must state reasons: the statement sets out the considerations of law and fact on which the decision rests. The recipient can therefore check its basis before challenging it.","citation":"Code on relations between the public and the administration, articles L211-2 and L211-5","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/texte_lc/LEGITEXT000031366350/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/loi/code-des-relations-entre-le-public-et-l-administration","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/questions/motivation-decision-administrative","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:48c883dff8dc538dc0d0877dee68d6098a5cc8683881b973a035d641f09d2269","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fr:assiette-des-cotisations-sociales","register":"fr","country":"FR","lang":"en","area":"travail","question":"On what basis are social contributions calculated?","short_answer":"Social security contributions are based on all sums paid to employees in return for or in connection with work, whatever their name, subject to the exclusions set out in the code.","answer":"Social security contributions are based on all sums paid to employees in return for or in connection with work, whatever their name, subject to the exclusions set out in the code.","citation":"Social Security Code, article L242-1","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/texte_lc/LEGITEXT000006073189/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/loi/code-de-la-securite-sociale","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/questions/assiette-des-cotisations-sociales","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:7b90e51191892954c4d4eb0e9ad8a0c7a8a7a9236a4b45c919e397755d2b11f2","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:fr:responsabilite-penale-personnes-morales","register":"fr","country":"FR","lang":"en","area":"financier","question":"Can a company be criminally liable?","short_answer":"Legal persons are criminally liable for offences committed on their behalf by their organs or representatives.","answer":"Legal persons are criminally liable for offences committed on their behalf by their organs or representatives. That liability does not exclude the liability of the natural persons who committed or were accomplices to the same acts.","citation":"Penal Code, article 121-2","source_url":"https://www.legifrance.gouv.fr/codes/texte_lc/LEGITEXT000006070719/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/loi/code-penal","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/france/questions/responsabilite-penale-personnes-morales","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:1a4b11cb18ce15c4add1d960041efc9318437c4f48c072bc8fbd988e5b038375","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:datenschutzbeauftragter-benennen","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"datenschutz","question":"When must a company appoint a data protection officer?","short_answer":"Private bodies must appoint a data protection officer where they permanently employ at least twenty persons on the automated processing of personal data.","answer":"Private bodies must appoint a data protection officer where they permanently employ at least twenty persons on the automated processing of personal data. The duty also applies where a data protection impact assessment is required under the Regulation or where data are processed commercially for transfer.","citation":"Federal Data Protection Act, section 38","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bdsg_2018/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/bundesdatenschutzgesetz","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/datenschutzbeauftragter-benennen","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:82570a7dfcd0bbe96c311a07885e3ff861007fbc40ca074ecbff5f8a48eabf0e","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:beschaeftigtendatenschutz","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"datenschutz","question":"On what basis may employee data be processed?","short_answer":"Employee personal data may be processed where this is necessary for the establishment, performance or termination of the employment relationship.","answer":"Employee personal data may be processed where this is necessary for the establishment, performance or termination of the employment relationship. Where processing rests on consent, whether it was freely given must be assessed in the light of the employment relationship, and consent is as a rule given in written or electronic form.","citation":"Federal Data Protection Act, section 26","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bdsg_2018/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/bundesdatenschutzgesetz","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/beschaeftigtendatenschutz","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:2a098a5df8af0700a5997641d74f8861eae0463f9bcc7ff641bd465b286c6f72","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:kuendigungsschutz-anwendung","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"arbeit","question":"When does general protection against dismissal apply?","short_answer":"General protection against dismissal applies to employees whose employment in the same establishment has lasted for more than six months without interruption, and in establishments above the headcount stated in the Act.","answer":"General protection against dismissal applies to employees whose employment in the same establishment has lasted for more than six months without interruption, and in establishments above the headcount stated in the Act. A dismissal is then effective only if it is socially justified by reasons relating to the person, to conduct or to urgent operational requirements.","citation":"Protection Against Dismissal Act, sections 1 and 23","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/kschg/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/kuendigungsschutzgesetz","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/kuendigungsschutz-anwendung","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:e9a9f475bd04109c7898c27a46f06d6d37bd4dd22b1ab28abc68be7576cc4d2b","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:kuendigungsschutzklage-frist","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"arbeit","question":"Within what period must a claim against a dismissal be brought?","short_answer":"An employee who wishes to argue that a dismissal is invalid must bring a claim before the labour court within three weeks of receiving the written notice.","answer":"An employee who wishes to argue that a dismissal is invalid must bring a claim before the labour court within three weeks of receiving the written notice. If the period is missed, the dismissal is as a rule treated as effective from the outset.","citation":"Protection Against Dismissal Act, sections 4 and 7","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/kschg/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/kuendigungsschutzgesetz","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/kuendigungsschutzklage-frist","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:5635bc55a0a6d595148a0ff36a22f22b2ae4ff0756b838cf96c3c8f839e42110","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:anhoerung-des-betriebsrats","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"arbeit","question":"Must the works council be consulted before a dismissal?","short_answer":"The works council must be heard before any dismissal and the employer must state the reasons to it.","answer":"The works council must be heard before any dismissal and the employer must state the reasons to it. A dismissal given without that consultation is invalid.","citation":"Works Constitution Act, section 102","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/betrvg/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/betriebsverfassungsgesetz","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/anhoerung-des-betriebsrats","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:f966d34772d74c8baba79035d622415d001fe081a0963396d5a306f7c8c830a1","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:gefaehrdungsbeurteilung","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"arbeit","question":"What does the risk assessment require of the employer?","short_answer":"The employer must assess the hazards the work involves for employees and determine from that the occupational safety measures required.","answer":"The employer must assess the hazards the work involves for employees and determine from that the occupational safety measures required. The result of the assessment, the measures decided and the result of their review must be documented.","citation":"Occupational Safety and Health Act, sections 5 and 6","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/arbschg/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/arbeitsschutzgesetz","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/gefaehrdungsbeurteilung","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:bb872b45d7b002bd6aa6377521960105c1403a34e64827eb8f8cc4d51392113a","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:widerrufsrecht-fernabsatz","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"verbraucher","question":"How long does a consumer have to withdraw from a distance contract?","short_answer":"For distance contracts the withdrawal period is fourteen days.","answer":"For distance contracts the withdrawal period is fourteen days. It does not start until the trader has properly informed the consumer of the right of withdrawal, and it is extended where that information was not given.","citation":"German Civil Code, sections 355 and 356","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/buergerliches-gesetzbuch","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/widerrufsrecht-fernabsatz","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:5c640b10efc1188e3e5f1f0574978d7f12ed3dbd2a32d03cb22d38ede588ed67","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:gewaehrleistung-kaufvertrag","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"verbraucher","question":"What remedies does a buyer have for a defect?","short_answer":"Where the goods are defective the buyer may first demand cure, that is repair or delivery of goods free of defects.","answer":"Where the goods are defective the buyer may first demand cure, that is repair or delivery of goods free of defects. Only then may the buyer withdraw from the contract or reduce the price, and claim damages or reimbursement of wasted expenditure.","citation":"German Civil Code, section 437","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/bgb/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/buergerliches-gesetzbuch","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/gewaehrleistung-kaufvertrag","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:229ee9ee2acd3f0801deca0b9154887101fcb0f252a5a538f18cf3507fedffec","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:irrefuehrende-geschaeftliche-handlung","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"verbraucher","question":"When is a commercial practice misleading?","short_answer":"A commercial practice is misleading where it contains untrue statements, or other statements capable of deception, about material features such as availability, price, characteristics or the identity of the trader, and is liable to cause the consumer to take a transactional decision they would not otherwise have taken.","answer":"A commercial practice is misleading where it contains untrue statements, or other statements capable of deception, about material features such as availability, price, characteristics or the identity of the trader, and is liable to cause the consumer to take a transactional decision they would not otherwise have taken.","citation":"Act Against Unfair Competition, section 5","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/uwg_2004/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/gesetz-gegen-den-unlauteren-wettbewerb","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/irrefuehrende-geschaeftliche-handlung","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:5de1cc0c1f8be42b011013a818c5d4fc838fd2421bb0b4e3fd8706795fb1973a","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:sorgfaltspflichten-kunde","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"finanzen","question":"What do the general customer due diligence duties cover?","short_answer":"Obliged entities must identify the contracting party and, where relevant, the beneficial owner, establish the purpose and intended nature of the business relationship, determine whether a politically exposed person is involved, and monitor the relationship on an ongoing basis.","answer":"Obliged entities must identify the contracting party and, where relevant, the beneficial owner, establish the purpose and intended nature of the business relationship, determine whether a politically exposed person is involved, and monitor the relationship on an ongoing basis. The duties apply before the relationship starts and continue throughout.","citation":"Money Laundering Act, section 10","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gwg_2017/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/geldwaeschegesetz","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/sorgfaltspflichten-kunde","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:733ef83e4e4a20fcf4de887d1107cd6836750c170d4381db31c30b3c6f5becfd","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:verdachtsmeldung","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"finanzen","question":"When must a suspicious activity report be filed?","short_answer":"Where facts indicate that an asset stems from a criminal offence, is connected with terrorist financing, or that the contracting party has failed to disclose the beneficial owner, the obliged entity must report the matter to the financial intelligence unit without delay.","answer":"Where facts indicate that an asset stems from a criminal offence, is connected with terrorist financing, or that the contracting party has failed to disclose the beneficial owner, the obliged entity must report the matter to the financial intelligence unit without delay.","citation":"Money Laundering Act, section 43","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gwg_2017/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/geldwaeschegesetz","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/verdachtsmeldung","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:37f7746d386158d7e53e1841f8eee3e2ec96968caf679e21bf9c22516dac1a83","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:risikomanagement-lieferkette","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"gesellschaft","question":"What duties does a company have in its supply chain?","short_answer":"Companies within scope must set up a risk management system, carry out a risk analysis, issue a policy statement, anchor preventive measures in their own operations and at direct suppliers, take remedial action where a violation is found, establish a complaints procedure and document compliance on an ongoing basis.","answer":"Companies within scope must set up a risk management system, carry out a risk analysis, issue a policy statement, anchor preventive measures in their own operations and at direct suppliers, take remedial action where a violation is found, establish a complaints procedure and document compliance on an ongoing basis.","citation":"Supply Chain Due Diligence Act, section 3","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/lksg/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/risikomanagement-lieferkette","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:237649851f0e3721ec9e1001b48c9f2999e2bc67b38956cd2a885180b25c2675","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:sorgfaltspflicht-geschaeftsfuehrer","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"gesellschaft","question":"What standard of care does management owe?","short_answer":"Managing directors must apply the care of a prudent businessperson in the affairs of the company.","answer":"Managing directors must apply the care of a prudent businessperson in the affairs of the company. If they breach their duties they are jointly and severally liable to the company for the resulting loss.","citation":"Limited Liability Companies Act, section 43","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/gmbhg/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/gmbh-gesetz","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/sorgfaltspflicht-geschaeftsfuehrer","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:57593ed4c479611b527c5d48cdfec9e75edd732f29b055a4927a96ad0a542962","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:offenlegung-jahresabschluss","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"gesellschaft","question":"Who must file the annual accounts?","short_answer":"The legal representatives of corporations must submit the annual accounts and the further accounting documents for publication to the body keeping the company register, within the period after the balance sheet date set out in the Act.","answer":"The legal representatives of corporations must submit the annual accounts and the further accounting documents for publication to the body keeping the company register, within the period after the balance sheet date set out in the Act.","citation":"German Commercial Code, section 325","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/hgb/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/handelsgesetzbuch","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/offenlegung-jahresabschluss","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:e488250bd1b33496df907b3860c5f1df85bf00b57b3b07b408c97890bf4d86b3","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:anhoerung-verwaltungsakt","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"verwaltung","question":"Must the authority hear a party before an adverse decision?","short_answer":"Before an administrative act is issued that interferes with a party's rights, the party must be given the opportunity to comment on the facts relevant to the decision.","answer":"Before an administrative act is issued that interferes with a party's rights, the party must be given the opportunity to comment on the facts relevant to the decision. The Act lists the cases in which the hearing may be dispensed with.","citation":"Administrative Procedure Act, section 28","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/vwvfg/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/anhoerung-verwaltungsakt","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:f72f0fb0add5948463f3c906ff94508e0d607515675d84bab1a876e4faccd756","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}
{"id":"nc:answer:de:begruendung-verwaltungsakt","register":"de","country":"DE","lang":"en","area":"verwaltung","question":"Must a written administrative act state its reasons?","short_answer":"A written or electronic administrative act must state reasons.","answer":"A written or electronic administrative act must state reasons. Those reasons set out the essential factual and legal grounds that led the authority to its decision and, for discretionary decisions, the considerations on which the discretion was exercised.","citation":"Administrative Procedure Act, section 39","source_url":"https://www.gesetze-im-internet.de/vwvfg/","act_url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/gesetz/verwaltungsverfahrensgesetz","url":"https://legal.exploreworldai.com/en/deutschland/fragen/begruendung-verwaltungsakt","read_at":"2026-09-21","hash":"sha256:fa0c9907cb03a4794cb44ef573cfbabed9410c0c114db2a94e281a1e038460e7","publisher":"NovaCopilot","license":"NovaCopilot, legal.exploreworldai.com. Återgivning kräver angiven källa med id och läsdatum."}